AKS 47: World War II

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AKS 47World War II

• Chapter 32 Pages 925-951

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Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1931 Japan
Invades Manchuria Withdraws from League of
Nations

• World Reaction?
• W. nations did not want to get involved b/c they
  had their own problems to deal with
• Result
• Continue aggression

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Early Challenges to World PeaceOct. 1935 Italy
invades Ethiopia

• World Reaction?
• League of Nations ordered sanctions against Italy
• Refused to sell them weapons, continued to sell
  them oil
• Refused to get involved for fear of another
  conflict
• Result
• Italy defeated Ethiopia

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Early Challenges to World Peace

• July 1936
• Spanish Civil War Begins
• March 1936
• German troops occupy Rhineland
• Oct. 1936
• Hitler Mussolini sign Rome-Berlin Axis
• July 1937
• Japan invades China

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Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1938
Munich Conference

• Hitler promised British Prime Minister
  Chamberlain he would leave Europe alone if given
  Sudetenland (appeasement)

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Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1938
Munich Conference

• Oct. 1938 Germany occupies Sudetenland
• 6 Months Later Takes all of Czechoslovakia
  clear at this point appeasement wont work

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Early Challenges to World PeaceAug. 1939 Hitler
Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Advantages for Hitler
• Removal of threat of attack from the east
• Division of Poland
• Advantages for Stalin
• Division of Poland
• Takeover of Finland Baltic countries
• Safety from German attack

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Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland

• Hitlers Strategy
• Blitzkrieg lightning war
• Use fast-moving mechanized weapons
• Planes, Tanks, Artillery, Infantry all at
  ONCE!!!
• Poland fell in ONE month!

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Early Challenges to World PeaceSept. 3, 1939
Britain France Declare War on Germany

• WORLD
• WAR
• II
• OFFICIALLY
• BEGINS!!!

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The European CampaignApril 1940 Hitler invades
Denmark Norway Heads for France

• Hitlers Plan
• Pave a way to France distract Allies by
  invading Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg, then
  send massive force through the Ardennes Forest

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The European CampaignJune 1940 France Surrenders

• What Happened at Dunkirk?
• Britain rescued Allied soldiers stranded at
  Dunkirk ferried them to safety across the
  English Channel

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The European CampaignJuly 1940 Battle of Britain

• What Happened?
• German Luftwaffe (Air Force) bombed British
  cities for 3 months
• Goal Hitler wanted to destroy British morale
  before invading
• Outcome
• RAF fighters British resistance forced Germany
  to call off the attack Hitler could be stopped!

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The European Campaign

• Sept. 1940
• Italy moves to seize Egypt Suez Canal
• Feb. 1941
• Hitler sends Gen. Rommel to help Italian troops
  seize Egypt Suez Canal

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The European CampaignJune 1941 Hitler Invades
Soviet Union

• Why?
• Hitler wanted the territory
• Felt his army was capable of fighting a war on
  two fronts (Eastern Front in USSR and Western
  in France)

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Warm-Up
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The European CampaignJuly 1942 Battle of El
Alamein

• What Happened?
• Gen. Montgomery vs. Gen. Rommel
• Forced Rommel and his forces to retreat westward
  from Egypt
• Operation Torch Gen. Eisenhower arrived with
  American troops in N. Africa

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The European CampaignJuly 1942 Battle of El
Alamein

• Result
• Trapped Rommels forces b/w American British
  finally defeated Rommels Afrika Korps

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The European CampaignJuly 1942-Feb.1943 Battle
of Stalingrad

• Outcome
• Hitler attacked, Soviets eventually put German
  forces on defensive with Soviets pushing them
  westward

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The European CampaignJuly 1942-Feb.1943 Battle
of Stalingrad

• Comparison to Napoleon
• In both invasions, Russias terrible winter its
  strategy of destroying everything in the enemys
  path created severe hardships for the invaders

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The European CampaignSept. 1943 Invasion of
Italy

• Outcome
• Resulted in Allied conquest of Sicily forced
  eventual surrender of Italy

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The European Campaign

• Nov.-Dec. 1943
• Tehran Conference

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Tehran ConferenceWhen?

• November 28-December 1, 1943

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Tehran ConferenceMembers Present?

• Franklin Roosevelt (USA)
• Winston Churchill (Britain)
• Joseph Stalin (USSR)

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Tehran ConferencePurpose of Meeting?

• Coordinate military strategy against Germany
  Japan
• Decide on important issues of post-WWII era

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Tehran ConferenceWhat was decided?

• Coordination of D-Day invasion
• Polands post-war borders
• First discussions about splitting up Germany into
  zones of occupation
• First discussions of the future United Nations
  between Stalin FDR
• Many issues left for final decisions at later
  conferences

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The European CampaignJune 6, 1944 D-Day Invasion

• Outcome
• 800,000 Allies landed at Normandy Beach
• Opened a 2nd front in Europe
• Led to liberation of France, Belgium, Luxembourg,
  much of Netherlands from Nazi occupation

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The European CampaignDec. 1944 Battle of the
Bulge

• Outcome
• Germans final attack in Ardennes Forest
• Patton marched his army 100 miles in 2 days
  attacked w/ 3 division to save the line
• Resulted in heavy losses for Hitler

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The European Campaign

• Feb. 1945
• Yalta Conference

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Yalta ConferenceWhen?

• February 4-11, 1945

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Yalta ConferenceMembers Present?

• Franklin Roosevelt (USA)
• Winston Churchill (Britain)
• Joseph Stalin (USSR)

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Yalta ConferencePurpose of Meeting?

• Make final decisions about the end of the war

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Yalta ConferenceWhat was decided?

• Divide Germany into 4 zones controlled by Allied
  military forces
• Germany must pay the USSR
• Stalin agreed to join war against Japan 90 days
  after end of war in Europe
• Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe

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The European CampaignApril 1945 Leaders Fall

• Italy
• Mussolini captured killed by Italians
• USA
• April 12 President Roosevelt dies
  Vice-President Harry Truman becomes President
• Germany
• April 30 Hitler other top Nazis commit suicide

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The European Campaign

• May 8, 1945
• V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
• Germany surrenders
• July-Aug. 1945
• Potsdam Conference

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Warm-Up
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Pacific CampaignDec. 7, 1941 Japan Bombs Pearl
Harbor

• What Happened?
• Japanese launched surprise attack sinking or
  damaging almost the entire U.S. Pacific fleet

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Pacific CampaignDec. 7, 1941 Japan Bombs Pearl
Harbor

• Outcome of the Attack?
• U.S. declares war on Japan

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Pacific CampaignDec. 1941-May 1942 Battle of
the Philippines

• What Happened?
• Japan invaded Philippine Islands
• Filipinos U.S. under Gen. Douglas MacArthur
  defended the islands

General Douglas MacArthur
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Pacific CampaignDec. 1941-May 1942 Battle of
the Philippines

• Outcome/Significance of the Battle?
• Japan wins
• Perseverance of U.S. Filipino defense delayed
  Japanese attacks on other areas

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Pacific CampaignFall of Southeast Asian Colonies

• What Happened?
• Through a planned series of attacks, Japan seized
  control of rich European colonies
• Ex French Indochina, British Hong Kong
• Significance of the Attack?
• Helped Japan replenish depleted resources

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Pacific CampaignApril 1942 Doolittles Raid on
Japan

• What Happened?
• As revenge for Pearl Harbor, U.S. sent 16 B-25
  bombers to bomb Japanese cities, mainly Tokyo

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Pacific CampaignApril 1942 Doolittles Raid on
Japan

• Significance of the Attack?
• Showed that Japan could be attacked
• Raised American morale

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Pacific CampaignMay 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea

• What Happened?
• Following interception of Japanese attack on Port
  Moresby, Japanese American naval fleets fought
  to a draw (nobody won)

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Pacific CampaignMay 1942 Battle of the Coral Sea

• Significance of the Battle?
• Introduced a new kind of naval warfare using only
  airplanes
• Stopped Japans expansion southward

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Pacific CampaignJune 1942 Battle of Midway

• What Happened?
• American carrier planes defeated Japanese fleet
  poised to attack Midway Island, a key American
  airfield

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Pacific CampaignJune 1942 Battle of Midway

• Significance of the Battle?
• Reversed the tide of the war in the Pacific

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Pacific CampaignAug. 1942-Feb. 1943 Battle of
Guadalcanal

• What Happened?
• U.S. Marines, with Australian support, seized
  Japanese airfield fought on land sea for
  control of island

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Pacific CampaignAug. 1942-Feb. 1943 Battle of
Guadalcanal

• Significance of the Battle?
• Forced Japan to abandon island
• Began MacArthurs island-hopping counterattack
• Hop past Japanese Strongholds- seize islands that
  were not well defended but close to Japan

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Pacific CampaignOct. 1944 Battle of Leyte Gulf

• Wiped out Japanese Navy

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Pacific CampaignFeb.-March 1945 Battle of Iwo
Jima
? U.S. Marines raise the Stars and Stripes after
their victory at Iwo Jima
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Pacific CampaignMarch-June 1945 Battle of
Okinawa

• Resulted in heavy losses for Japanese
• Moved Allies closer to an invasion of Japanese
  homeland

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Pacific CampaignAug. 1945 Bombings of Hiroshima
Nagasaki

• Aug. 6 Truman decides to drop bomb on Hiroshima
  (attempt to save lives)

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Pacific CampaignAug. 1945 Bombings of Hiroshima
Nagasaki

• Aug. 9 Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
• Aug. 10 VJ-Day (Victory in Japan) Japan
  surrenders!!

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Warm-Up
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The HolocaustWho?

• were the victims of the Holocaust?
• Non-Aryan peoples, primarily Jews, but also
  Gypsies, Slavs, etc.

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The HolocaustWho?

• were members of the master race?
• Aryans

The signs read Germans! Defend Yourselves! Do
not buy from Jews!
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The HolocaustWhat?

• were the Nuremberg Laws?
• German laws depriving Jews of rights to
  citizenship jobs

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The HolocaustWhat?

• happened on the night of November 9, 1938?
• On Kristallnacht, the Nazis launched a violent
  attack on Jewish communities all over Germany

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The HolocaustWhat?

• was Hitlers Final Solution?
• Systematic killing of entire groups of people,
  particularly Jews, whom the Nazis saw as inferior

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The HolocaustWhere?

• did German Jews try to migrate to find safety
  from Nazi terror?
• France, Britain, USA, other countries

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The HolocaustWhere?

• were Jews forced to live in German-controlled
  cities?
• In ghettos segregated Jewish areas

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The HolocaustWhere?

• were the concentration camps?
• Mainly in Germany Poland

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The HolocaustWhy?

• did Hitler believe that Jews other subhumans
  had to be exterminated?
• To protect the purity of the Aryan race

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The HolocaustWhy?

• did the Germans build extermination camps?
• To carry out mass murders in huge gas chambers

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The HolocaustWhen?

• did the final stage of the Final Solution begin?
• Early 1942

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The HolocaustHow?

• did non-Jewish people try to save Jews from the
  horrors of Nazism?
• By hiding Jews in their homes or helping them
  escape to neutral countries

? Anne Frank
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The HolocaustHow?

• many Jews died in the Holocaust?
• Approximately 6,000,000

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Nuremberg Trials

• Nazis put on trial for crimes against humanity
  (events of Holocaust)
• Goal was to punish Nazi officials using a
  democratic system

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Japanese Internment Camps in the United States

• Japanese-Americans placed in camps
• Why? feared they were enemies or spies after
  bombing at Pearl Harbor

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Warm-Up
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Potsdam ConferenceWhen?

• July 17-August 2, 1945

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Potsdam ConferenceMembers Present?
THE BIG THREE

• Harry Truman (USA)
• Joseph Stalin (USSR)
• Winston Churchill later Clement Attlee (Britain)

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Potsdam ConferencePurpose of Meeting?

• Clarify agreements from Yalta

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Potsdam ConferenceWhat was decided?

• Potsdam Declaration
• Unconditional surrender of Japan
• Japanese disarmament, establishment of democratic
  government
• Postwar European borders (especially Poland)

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Formation of the United NationsThe Beginning

• Stalin FDR secretly discussed ideas for U.N. at
  Tehran Conference
• 1944 Britain, China, USSR, met in D.C.
  drafted the 1st charter

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Formation of the United NationsFirst Meeting

• April 1945 in San Francisco
• Delegates from 50 nations worked for 2 months to
  develop the official charter

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Formation of the United NationsDetails Purpose

• Purpose peacekeeping organization designed to
  protect its members against aggression
• Permanent Members of Security Council
• USA, Britain, USSR, France, China

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Marshall Plan for EuropeWho?

• proposed the plan?
• U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall

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Marshall Plan for EuropeWhen?

• did he propose the plan?
• 1947

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Marshall Plan for EuropeWhat?

• did he propose the U.S. needed to do?
• Give aid to needy European countries
• Provide food, machinery, other materials to
  rebuild Western Europe stop Soviet expansion

Truman signs Marshall Plan ?
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MacArthurs Plan for JapanDemilitarization

• Disbanded Japanese armed forces
• Left Japanese with small police force

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MacArthurs Plan for JapanDemocratization

• Created a govt elected by the people
• Set up a constitutional monarchy b/c Japanese
  wanted to keep emperor

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MacArthurs Plan for JapanOther Reforms

• Land ownership was expanded
• Independent labor unions had the right to form
• Increase participation of workers farmers in
  new democracy