Unit 7 Approaching Culture

1
Unit 7Approaching Culture

• ????????
• ??? ??

2
Teaching aims

• to train the students ability to understand the
  general idea of the listening texts about the
  well-renowned museums, Kwanzaa, etc., and help
  them grasp the important details.
• to develop students ability to summarize the key
  points and main ideas of the long listening
  material which talks about the changes in some
  modern museums.
• to learn some new words and expressions to enrich
  vocabulary, especially the words and expressions
  in Language study and language appreciation.

3
Teaching equipments

• language lab with computer and multimedia
  projector

4
Time allocation

• One and a half classes (135 minutes) are needed
  involving with four parts for the whole unit.
• For the first period (45minutes) focus on Part I
  and Part II
• For the second period (45minutes) focus on Part
  II and Part III
• For the third period (45minutes) focus on Part
  III and Part IV

5
Part 1 Warming up

• Requirements of listening course. Develop the
  habit of extensive listening after class ---
  listen to English tapes, English radio programs,
  English songs etc., watch English films, log on
  to the websites to practice listening (Chinadaily
  website, listeningexpress website, ?????etc.)
• Ask students to talk about their visit to some
  museums, and if possible students can bring some
  pictures or souvenirs as to share their pleasant
  sight feast with others.

6
Vocabulary and background knowledge for this part
7
1. symbol noun C n. ??,??,??

• ? a sign, shape or object which is used to
  represent something else
• eg. The dove is the symbol of peace. ?????????
• eg. The Cross is the symbol of Christianity.
  ???????????
• ? something that is used to represent a quality
  or idea
• eg. Water, a symbol of life, recurs as an image
  throughout her poems.
• ? a number, letter or sign used in mathematics,
  music, science, etc eg. The symbol for oxygen
  is O2.
• ? an object can be described as a symbol of
  something else if it seems to represent it
  because it is connected with it in a lot of
  people's minds
• eg. He only bought the yacht as a status symbol
  he hates sailing.
• ????????????, ???????????.

8

• 2. even a. ???,???,???forming a whole number
  which can be divided exactly by two eg. 6 is
  an even number and 7 is an odd number.
• eg. I'd say the two players are pretty even.
• ?????????????
• eg. He won the first game and I won the second,
  so now we are even.
• ??????,??????,?????????

9

• 3. set noun C n. ??,??a group of similar
  things that belong together in some way eg. We
  bought Charles and Mandy a set of cutlery as a
  wedding present. eg. I always keep a tool set
  in the back of my car. eg. The doctor said that
  he hadn't seen this particular set of symptoms
  before.
• 4. Argentina ??d??n'tin? n. ???
• a republic in southern South America second
  largest country in South America
• Argentine adjective

10

• 5. greet verb ??,??,????
• to welcome someone with particular words or a
  particular action, or to react to something in
  the stated way
• eg. I greet you in the name of the President.
• ???????????
• eg. I woke up and was greeted by bird song.
• ?????,?????????
• 6. traditional ???(??)???????????????
• Of, relating to, or in accord with tradition
• eg. the traditional handshake a traditional
  wedding ceremony.
• ????????????

11

• 7. hug verb n.
• to hold someone or something close to your body
  with your arms, usually to show that you like,
  love or value them a tight or amorous embrace
• eg. She gave her mother an affectionate hug.
• ???????????
• eg. The president hugged himself with pleasure
  over the quick withdrawal from the gulf war.
• ???????????????????????
• eg. She sat on the floor hugging her knees
• ( with her knees bent up against her chest
  and her arms around them).
• eg. Whenever I travel in the city I make sure I
  hug my handbag tightly to me.

12

• 8. Brazil n. ??
• the largest Latin American country and the
  largest Portuguese speaking country in the world
  located in the central and northeastern part of
  South America world's leading coffee exporter
• 9. Canada n. ???
• a nation in northern North America the French
  were the first Europeans to settle in mainland
  Canada
• 10. Egypt n. ??
• a republic in northeastern Africa known as the
  United Arab Republic until 1971 site of an
  ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to
  30 BC

13

• 11. Japan n. ??
• a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese
  Archipelago a world leader in electronics and
  automobile manufacture and ship building
• 12. Korea n. ??
• an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the
  Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan the Korean name
  is Dae-Han-Min-Gook or Han-Gook
• 13. Mexico n. ???
• a republic in southern North America became
  independent from Spain in 1810

14
Key to this part

• A. People in all countries enjoy gifts. Sometimes
  the meanings are different in different cultures.
  Listen to the following dialogues and look at the
  pictures below. If it is not a proper gift in a
  certain country for an ordinary friend, cross out
  () the picture and check (v) the correct reason
  why it is not a proper gift.

15

• 1. Argentina
• v A tie is too personal Plants are not easy
  to look after.
• 2. Switzerland
• Candy isnt healthy v Ross mean love.
• 3. Italy
• Odd numbers (1,3, 5 etc.) are unlucky.
• v Even number (2, 4, 6, etc.) are unlucky.
• 4. Japan
• Pen and pencil sets are unpopular.
• v Japanese people usually dont give four of
  anything.

16
Tapescript for this part

• 1. Argentina
• Woman This is interesting. Did you know that in
  Argentina you should never give clothing unless
  you know the person really well?
• Man Dont give clothing? Why not?
• Woman Clothing --- even things like ties --- are
  too personal. Only good friends give them.
• Man Huh? I never thought of a tie as being
  personal just uncomfortable. What should you
  bring?
• Woman I dont know. Maybe something for the
  house.

17

• 2. Switzerland
• Man Were meeting Mr. Mertz and his wife for
  dinner. Maybe I should bring flowers or something
  Yeah, Ill pick up some red roses.
• Woman You dont want to bring roses. In
  Switzerland, they could be a symbol of love and
  romance.
• Man Oh, I didnt know that.
• Woman I think candy or chocolate might be better.

18

• 3. Italy
• Woman Id some flowers. Uh those. About ten, I
  guess.
• Man Maam, I dont think you should give ten
  flowers. In Italy, even numbers - 2,4,6, and so
  on - are bad luck.
• Woman Even numbers are bad luck? OK, Ill take
  nine flowers then.

19

• 4. Japan
• Woman May I help you?
• Man Im going to stay with a family in Japan. I
  need to get something for them.
• Woman Pen sets are always a good gift.
• Man Oh, thats a good idea. Lets see There
  are sets with a pen and pencil and bigger sets
  with four pens.
• Woman Dont give a set of four pens - in face,
  dont give four of anything. Its bad luck. The
  Japanese word for four sounds like the word for
  death.
• Man Thanks for telling me. Ill take the pen and
  pencil set.
• Woman Good choice. These sets make very good
  gifts. After all, pens write in any language!
• Man Uh yeah. Right.

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• B. There are many ways in the world to greet
  people. Listen to a few examples of greetings
  from some countries. Choose correct answers for
  each greeting.
• 1. a bow Japan, Korea
• 2. a hug Brazil, Russia
• 3. a strong, short handshake Canada, the U.S.
• 4. a softer, longer handshake Egypt, Mexico

21
Tapescript

• A bow
• Around the world, there are many different ways
  to greet people. Bowing is the traditional way of
  greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea
  and Japan. This picture, for example, shows how
  Japanese women bow. In Japan, when you bow, you
  dont look directly at the other persons eyes.
  But in Korea its important to see the other
  persons face when you bow. In both countries,
  people bow to show respect.

22

• A hug
• When good friends meet in Russia, they often hug
  each other. This is true for both women and men.
  Russia isnt the only place where friends hug. In
  Brazil, for example, friends also hug each other
  in greeting. In Brazil, the hug is called an
  abraco.
• A strong, short handshake
• You know how to shake hands. This is common in
  many countries. But it isnt always done the same
  way. In the United States and Canada, for
  example, people usually give a strong, short
  handshake. Its short but rather firm.

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• A softer, longer handshake
• In many other countries, people also shake hands.
  But they do it differently from in the U. S. and
  Canada. In Mexico and in Egypt, for example, many
  people - especially men - shake hands. Mexican
  and Egyptian handshakes usually last a little
  longer. The handshake is softer - not as strong.

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Part II Museums in the modern world
25
Vocabulary for this part

• 1. museum??? noun C
• a building where objects of historical,
  scientific or artistic interest are kept a
  depository for collecting and displaying objects
  having scientific or historical or artistic value
• 2. reproduction n. ??,???
• a copy of something, especially a painting, or
  the process of copying something
• eg. This is not the original it's only a cheap
  reproduction.
• ?????,????????????

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• 3. guided tour ?????????
• eg. I am going on a guided tour around the
  mountain city.
• ?????????????????
• 4. educational service ????

27

• 5. privileged 'privilid?d a. ????
• having an advantage that only one person or group
  of people has, usually because of their position
  or because they are rich an advantage that only
  one person or group of people has, usually
  because of their position or because they are
  rich
• eg. As an ambassador, she enjoys a very
  privileged status.
• eg. On an occasion such as this (ie as important
  as this) we are privileged to welcome...
• ????????, ???????...

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• 6. vacationer noun C (US)???, ???
  holidaymaker (UK)
• a person who is on holiday away from where they
  usually live someone on vacation someone who is
  devoting time to pleasure or relaxation rather
  than to work

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• 7. metropolitan metr?'p?lit(?)n
• n. ??????,???,?????
• a. ????,?????,???
• a person who lives in a metropolis, a very large
  city, often the most important city in a large
  area or country in the Eastern Orthodox Church
  this title is given to a position between bishop
  and patriarch equivalent to archbishop in
  western Christianity
• eg. He was drawn to the metropolitan glamour and
  excitement of Paris.
• eg. Metropolitan new york cover200 square mile.
• ??????????200?????
• eg. She left the small island and became famous
  in metropolitan France.
• ?????????????????

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• 8. costume 'k?stjum, -'tjum n. ??,??
• A prevalent fashion of dress, including garments,
  accessories, and hairstyle A style of dress
  characteristic of a particular country, period,
  or people, often worn in a play or at a
  masquerade.
• eg. She wore an antique gown to the costume
  party.
• ?????????????????

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• 9. Stegosaurus n.lt???gt??
• herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of
  bony plates along its back and a spiked tail
  probably used as a weapon
• dinosaur
• Any of various extinct, often gigantic,
  carnivorous or herbivorous reptiles of the orders
  Saurischia and Ornithischia that were chiefly
  terrestrial and existed during the Mesozoic era.
• ???????????????????,??????????????,????????,???

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• 10. Architecture '?kitekt?? n. ???, ???
  ?????, ????the profession of designing
  buildings and environments with consideration for
  their esthetic effect the discipline dealing
  with the principles of design and construction
  and ornamentation of fine buildings
• eg. The Forbidden City is one of the world's
  greatest works of architecture.
• ????????????????

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• 11. represent ?ripri'zent vt. ??,??,??,??
• take the place of or be parallel or equivalent
  to stand for
• eg. The rose represents England.
• ???????????
• eg. The king is represented as a villain in the
  play.
• ??????????????????
• 12. lifestyle n. ????
• a manner of living that reflects the person's
  values and attitudes
• eg. He's decided to throw over the lifestyle he's
  been used to in his parents' home, and go his own
  way.
• ?????????????????????????????????

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• 13. Stockholm ??????????????,??????,?????,??13???
  ?,??????????????????????1523?????????????,???1634?
  ????????????????????653,455
• The capital and largest city of Sweden, in the
  eastern part of the country on the Baltic Sea.
  Founded in the mid-13th century, it grew as a
  trade center allied with the Hanseatic League.
  Stockholm was the leading city of the kingdom of
  Sweden after 1523 but did not become the official
  capital until 1634. The Nobel Institute is here.
  Population, 653,455.

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• 14. Ontario ?? ON, Ont.??????????????,1867???????
  ???17??????????,1763????????,1774?????????????1791
  ???????????????(?????),?1841??????????????????????
  ??????????,??????????8,625,107
• Abbr. ON, Ont. A province of east-central Canada.
  It joined the confederation in 1867. First
  visited by French explorers in the early 1600's,
  it passed to the British in 1763 and became part
  of the province of Quebec in 1774. It was called
  Upper Canada after its division from Quebec (then
  Lower Canada) in 1791. Reunited with Lower Canada
  in 1841, it became a separate province with the
  formation of the confederation. Toronto is the
  capital and the largest city. Population,
  8,625,107.

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• 15. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC
  ??????(?????????????)
• One of the world's premier cultural institutions,
  The Metropolitan Museum of Art acquires artwork
  (prehistoric to present-day) from around the
  world. With more than 2 million pieces in its
  collection, the Met hosts exhibits, loans artwork
  to other museums, publishes books and catalogs,
  and develops educational programs for all ages.

37

• 16. American Museum of Natural History,
  NYC???????(????????????)
• The American Museum of Natural History is a
  landmark on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New
  York, USA. The museum has a scientific staff of
  more than 200, and sponsors over 100 special
  field expeditions each year.

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A. Listen to some statements taken from a passage
on the changes in todays museums. Supply the
missing information.

• 1. Museums have changed. They are no longer
  places for the privileged few or for bored
  vacationers to visit on rainy days.
• 2. More and more museum directors are realizing
  that people learn best when they can somehow
  become part of what they are seeing.
• 3. The purpose is not only to provide fun but
  also to help people feel at home in the world of
  science.

39
B. Now listen to the whole passage. While
listening, pay special attention to the specific
museums mentioned in the passage. Complete the
following chart with key words.
40
C. Now listen again and complete the outline
according to the information given on the tape.

• The Major Changes in Museums in the Modern World
• I. Reaching out to new audiences
• A. the young
• B. the poor
• C. the less educated members

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• II. Appearance
• A. old museums rebuilt
• B. newer ones
• 1. modern in architecture
• 2. inside the museums
• a. modern lighting, color and sound
• b. showing fewer objects
• c. display of a group of objects to represent
  lifestyle

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• III. Helping visitors become part of what they
  see
• A. no guided tours
• B. encouraging visitors to touch, listen, operate
  and experiment / discover scientific principles
  for themselves
• IV. Providing educational services and childrens
  departments
• A. film show
• B. dance programs

43
Tapescript for this part

• Museums have changed. They are no longer places
  for the privileged few or for bored vacationers
  to visit on rainy days.
• At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can
  feel your hair stand on end as harmless
  electricity passes through your body. At the
  Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, you
  can look at 17th century instruments while
  listening to their music. At the Modern Museum in
  Sweden, you can put on costumes provided by the
  Stockholm Opera. At New Yorks American Museum of
  Natural History recently, you could have helped
  make a bone-by-bone reproduction of the museums
  stegosaurus, a beast that lived 200 million years
  ago.

44
Tapescript for this part

• As these examples show, museums are reaching out
  to new audiences, particularly the young, the
  poor, and the less educated members of the
  population. As a result, attendance is
  increasing.
• Many museums have changed in appearance. Some of
  the old, gray museums have been rebuilt, and the
  newer ones are open and modern in their
  architecture. Inside, there is modern lighting,
  color, and sound. Instead of displaying
  everything they own, museum directors show fewer
  objects and leave open spaces where visitors can
  gather and sit down. They also bring together in
  one display a group of objects drawn from various
  parts of the museum in an effort to represent the
  whole lifestyle of a region or a historical
  period. In one room, for instance, you may find
  materials, clothing, tools, cooking pots,
  furniture, and art works of a particular place
  and time.

45
Tapescript for this part

• More and more museum directors are realizing that
  people learn best when they can somehow become
  part of what they are seeing. In many science
  museums, for example, there are no guided tours.
  The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen,
  operate, and experiment so as to discover
  scientific principles for himself. He can have
  the experience of operating a spaceship or a
  computer. He can experiment with glass blowing
  and papermaking. The purpose is not only to
  provide fun but also to help people feel at home
  in the world of science. The theory is that
  people who do not understand science will
  probably fear it, and those who fear science will
  not use it to best advantage.
• Many museums now provide educational services and
  childrens departments. In addition to the usual
  displays, they also offer film showings and dance
  programs. Instead of being places that one
  should visit, they places to enjoy.

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Part I I I Kwanzaa
47
Kwanzaa??? ?????????????????,???,?12?26??1?1??????
??????,?????????,????????,????????????

• a festival featuring African-American culture
  celebrated between Christmas and New Year lasting
  from December 26 to January 1
• Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated
  throughout the world, honoring African heritage,
  marked by participants lighting a kinara (candle
  holder).1 It is observed from December 26 to
  January 1 each year. Kwanzaa consists of seven
  days of celebration, featuring activities such as
  candle-lighting and pouring of libations, and
  culminating in a feast and gift giving. It was
  created by Maulana Karenga and first celebrated
  from December 26, 1966, to January 1, 1967.

48

• 2. cooperative (UK ALSO co-operative)
  adjective???
• willing to help or do what people ask
• eg. I've asked them not to play their music so
  loudly, but they're not being very cooperative.
• eg. The management would like to thank the staff
  for being so cooperative.
• ???????????????
• candleholder 'kændl?h??ld?(r) n. ??

49

• 4. Swahili
• ????????????????,?????????????????????
• A member of a predominantly Moslem people
  inhabiting the coast and islands of eastern
  Africa from Somalia to Mozambique.
• The Bantu language of the Swahili that is the
  official language of Tanzania and is widely used
  as a lingua franca in eastern and east-central
  Africa.Also called In this sense, also called
  Kiswahili
• ???????????????????????,?????????????????????
  ????????? Kiswahili
• The following passage is about an
  African-American celebration called Kwanzaa.
  Listen carefully and fill in the missing
  information so as to get a clear picture of what
  Kwanzaa is about.

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Key to this part

• I. When and where Kwanzaa began
• In 1966, in Los Angeles
• I I. The purpose of Kwanzaa
• To honor black culture, especially, the
  importance of the family
• I I I. The word KwanzaaFrom what language is
  the word Kwanzaa?
• A. language Swahili
• B. meaning first fruits of the harvest

51
Key to this part

• IV. People who celebrate Kwanzaa
• A. African-Americans
• B. families in Canada, Britain, France and Africa
• V. The period of time when Kwanzaa is celebrated
• Seven days from Dec. 26 to Jan. 1

52
Key to this part

• VI. The seven goals honored by Kwanzaa
• A. unity
• B. personal independence
• C. joint responsibility
• D. cooperative economics
• E. purpose
• F. creativity
• G. faith

53
Key to this part

• VII. What people do during the celebration
• A. discussing one of the goals each day
• B. getting together for a party
• C. enjoying a holiday meal
• D. playing African music

54
Tapescript for this part

• On the day after Christmas in 1966, a small group
  of Americans in the western city of Los Angeles
  began a seven-day celebration. The celebration
  was not religious. Its purpose was to honor black
  culture, especially the importance of the family.
  The celebration is Kwanzaa.
• The word Kwanzaa is Swahili. It means first
  fruits of the harvest. Today, millions of
  African Americans celebrate Kwanzaa during the
  month of December. Families in Canada, Britain,
  France and Africa also celebrate it. The main
  celebration is held for seven days after
  Christmas from December 26 through January 1.
  Kwanzaa, however, does not replace Christmas.
  Most people who celebrate Kwanzaa also celebrate
  Christmas. Kwanzaa is a time for black families

55
Tapescript for this part

• to discuss seven goals to live by all year. The
  seven goals are unity, personal independence,
  joint responsibility, cooperative economics,
  purpose, creativity and faith. On each of the
  seven days of Kwanzaa, family members gather to
  light a black, red or green candle in a special
  candleholder. Each day, the family discusses one
  of the goals. People may also get together for a
  party and enjoy a holiday meal. They may play
  some African music.
• Maulana Karenga is a college professor who
  developed Kwanzaa. He says Kwanzaas goal of
  unity includes unity in the family, in the local
  community, in the nation and in the African
  community throughout the world. He also says that
  celebrating Kwanzaa will not cure the social
  problems of blacks. But he says that honoring the
  goals of Kwanzaa will make people more creative
  and productive citizens.

56
Part VI Language study and Language appreciation

• Listen to the following statements. Pay special
  attention to the parts in bold type. Learn to
  appreciate and use the language.

57

• 1. to make a good gift
• These sets make very good gifts.
• 2. to feel ones hair stand on end
• At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can
  feel your hair stand on end as harmless
  electricity passes through your body.
• 3. reach out to
• As these examples show, museums are reaching out
  to new audiences, particularly the young, the
  poor, and the less educated members of the
  population.

58

• 4. in an effort to
• They also bring together in one display a group
  of objects drawn from various parts of the museum
  in an effort to represent the whole lifestyle of
  a region or a historical period.
• 5. use sth. to best advantage
• The theory is that people who do not understand
  science will probably fear it, and those who fear
  science will not use it to best advantage.
• 6. places to visit / places to enjoy
• Instead of being places that one should visit,
  they are places to enjoy.
• 7. to live by a goal
• Kwanzaa is a time for black families to discuss
  seven goals to live by all year.