The End of WW I and the Paris Peace Conference

1
The End of WW I and the Paris Peace Conference

• 1918-1919

2
Armistice

• Nov. 11, 1918- agreement to stop fighting WW I
  comes to an end
• Nullifies the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed
  between Russia and Germany in March, 1918

3
Paris Peace Conference

• January, 1919- 70 delegates representing 27
  victorious powers
• Big Four- Woodrow Wilson-U.S. David Lloyd
  George-Britain Georges Clemenceau- France
  Vittorio Orlando- Italy
• Russia not represented because western powers do
  not recognize the Bolshevik government
• Allied powers in Russia helping the
  anti-Bolsheviks fight the Bolsheviks
• Russians upset
  

4
Wilsons Demands

• Wants a mild peace based on his 14 Points Peace
  Program
• No secret treatiesfreedom of the seasfree
  tradearms reductionfair colonial practices
  self-determination for many nationalities in
  Europe League of Nations

5
Lloyd Georges Demands

• Bring war criminals to trial
• Make Germany pay for the war-reparations

6
Georges Clemenceau Demands

• Revenge for France
• Security for France

7
Vittorio Orlandos Demands

• Wants land from Austria- Hungary

8
Treaty of Versailles

• Peace treaty between Germany and the Allied
  Powers
• Germany forced to sign
• Germany upset because many provisions were
  impossible to fulfill
• Germans believe the Treaty is too harsh

9
Territorial Cessions

• Alsace-Lorraine to France
• German territory to Belgium
• French occupied the Saar and the Ruhr
• German land taken to form new nation of Poland
  German lands separated by the Polish corridor
• German islands to Japan and Britain
• Allies occupy the Rhineland for 15 years

10
Military Reductions

• Standing army of 100,000 men
• Navy- limited to 6 warships
• No submarines
• No military aircraft
• No large military equipment or weapons
• Dismantle all military forts
• Rhineland- demilitarized

11
Other Provisions

• Article 231- the war guilt clause- Germany had to
  take full responsibility for starting WW I
• Reparations- Germany had to pay 31 billion
  dollars
• Germany signed June 28, 1919- 5 years after the
  assassination of Franz Ferdinand

12
Social Results of WW I

• Almost 10 million killed in battle
• Germany- 1.8m killed
• Russia- 1.7m
• France- 1.4m
• A/H-1m
• Britain-1m
• U.S.-50,000
• Millions died from famine and disease
• World left with hatred, intolerance and extreme
  nationalism

13
Economic Results

• Total cost- 350 billion
• Caused high taxes and lower standard of living
• European countries raised tariffs
• Russia became Communist
• Conditions led to the Great Depression

14
Political Results

• U.S. world power
• Romanov, Hapsburg and Hohenzollern dynasties gone
• New nations in Europe
• League of Nations established Germany, Italy and
  Spain turn to dictators

15
Land lost Because of W.W. I

• Russia- Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,
  Estonia and Romania
• Germany- Poland, Belgium and France
• A/H- Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia( Serbia and
  Montenegro disappear), Austria, Hungary and
  Romania
• Bulgaria- Yugoslavia, Romania, and Greece
• Ottoman Empire- Turkey and some land became
  mandates for France, Britain and Greece