WW1 Peace Treaties & The Legacy of the War 13-4

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WW1 Peace TreatiesThe Legacy of the War13-4

• Jessica, Sunny, Rachel

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The Story so far

• World War I is over, the killing has ceased.
• January 18, 1919, a conference was built at the
  Palace of Versailles.
• The Allied powers, the victors of WWI, meet to
  clean up the war mess.

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Meeting at Versailles

• Paris Peace Conference
• Delegates representing 32 countries
• Major decisions were made by the Big Four
• Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
• Georges Clemenceau (France)
• David Lloyd George (Great Britain)
• Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

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Woodrows Plan 1918

• Woodrow proposed his Fourteen Points
• Outlined a plan for maintaining peace
• Proposed the following points
• 1st Point End all secret treaties
• 2nd Point Freedom of the Seas
• 3rd Point Free trade
• 4th Point Reduce national armies (trying to stop
  militarism)
• 5th Point Colonial Fairness (trying to stop
  harsh imperialism)
• 6th-13th Points Rearranging borders
  (self-determination)
• 14th Point Create a general association of
  nations that would negotiate solutions to world
  conflicts

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Unsatisfied with Wilsons plan

• Plan threatened national security
• Plan was too nice GB and France thought it
  lacked punishment against Germany
• Wanted to take away Germanys power
• Clemenceau wanted Germany to pay for Frances
  suffering
• France lost more than 1,000,000 soldiers and
  civilians during wartime. This was about 11 of
  the population.
• Frances land was destroyed and devastated.

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Treaty of Versailles 1919

• French, British, and U.S. argued and finally
  compromised. The product was The Treaty of
  Versailles.
• Signed between Germany and the Allied powers,
  June 28. 1919.
• Adopted Wilsons 14th point, created League of
  Nations
• Aimed for world peace, stopping further wars
• General Assembly, 32 allied and neutral nations
• Executive Council, the 5 Allied Powers
• U.S.
• Great Britain
• France
• Italy
• Japan
• Germany and Russia were left out of the League of
  Nations.

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Punishments Against Germany

• Treaty of Versailles also punished Germany
• Portions of Germanys territories were taken
  away, colonies in Asia and Africa were given to
  League of Nations to be administered.
• Military restrictions
• Article 231- Germany was solely responsible for
  the war, therefore, had to pay reparations to
  the Allies.

Alsace-Lorraine is given up to France
Germany
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New Nations Formed

• Negotiated between Allies and defeated nations
  (Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire)
  1919, 1920. It literally broke down Europe into
  many tinier new nations.
• Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken down into
  independent nations Austria, Hungary,
  Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia
• Ottomans had to give up all the land lost in
  Southwest Asia, losing Palestine, Iraq, and
  Transjordan to British rule. Syria and Lebanon
  went to France. The Ottomans could only keep
  Turkey.
• Russia lost territory to Romania and Poland.
  Also, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
  (formerly part of Russia) become independent
  nations.

Europe Before WWI
After WWI
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Unlasting peace

• U.S. rejected the treaty
• Americans thought that if they wanted peace, they
  should get themselves out of European affairs.
• Germany is upset
• War-guilt clause caused them to hate the Allies.
• Economically devastated
• Militarily restricted
• In their point of view, unfairly sanctioned
• Colonies were unsatisfied that they could still
  not gain independence
• Japan and Italy did not get what they wanted out
  of the warland, so also backed out.
• Without consent or support of U.S., the League of
  Nations could not do anything to amend or take
  any action.
• Observer at Versailles noted the treaty was
  merely, a peace built on quicksand.

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Legacy of WWI

• This was a New kind of war. New weapons and
  technology were introduced killing people faster,
  and more efficiently than ever before.
• War was brought to the global scale
• People could see that war could get extremely
  destructive.

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Sum it UP

• War costs
• Approx. 8.5 million soldiers died
• 21 million people were wounded
• Many died of starvation and disease
• Economic impact 338 billion!
• Miles and miles of farmland, villages destroyed

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• War Effects, cont.
• Many soldiers were disillusioned
• People felt insecure and hopeless during wartime

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Photo cr.

• Slide 3
• Woodrow Wilson photo from http//www.visitingdc.c
  om/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpg
• Georges Clemenceau photo from http//www.gwpda.or
  g/photos/bin14/imag1396.jpg
• David Lloyd photo from http//www.probertencyclop
  aedia.com/j/Lloyd-George.jpg
• Vittorio Orlando photo from http//www.gwpda.org/
  photos/bin07/imag0640.jpg
• Slide 5
• Thumbs down photo from http//blog.sellsiusreales
  tate.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/06/Complaints20t
  humbs20down-784494.jpg
• Slide 6
• League of Nations photo from http//en.wikipedia.
  org/wiki/ImageSymbol_of_the_League_of_Nations.svg
  
• Slide 7
• Alsace-Lorraine photo from http//upload.wikimedi
  a.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Deutsches_Reich
  _28Karte29_ElsaC39F-Lothringen.svg/650px-Deuts
  ches_Reich_28Karte29_ElsaC39F-Lothringen.svg.p
  ng
• Slide 8
• Slide 9,
• machine gun photo from http//www.answers.com/top
  ic/technology-during-world-war-I

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The End