A Peace to End all Peace

1
A Peace to End all Peace

• The Final Results of WWI

2
Paris Peace Conference

• Huge Meeting
• Thousands of representatives from hundreds of
  areas came seeking something
• Problems
• Conflicting goals of groups
• Idealistic expectations
• Desire for revenge among families of those killed

3
Allied Leaders - Big 3

• David Lloyd George (British Empire)
• Preserve the British Empire
• Georges Clemenceau (France)
• Permanently cripple Germany
• Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
• Nationalistic self-determination
• League of Nations

4
Germany

• Territorial Losses
• German territory given to new countries
• Reparations
• Germany must make annual payments of millions of
  dollars to France and Britain
• War Guilt Clause
• Germany was forced to admit total responsibility
  for the outbreak of war
• Significance
• Anger and financial misery caused by treatment
  from Allies is a major factor leading to WWII

5
Eastern Europe

• Partition of Eastern Europe
• Austria-Hungary demolished, and many new
  countries created based on self-determination
• Significance
• Borders can not be drawn to perfectly match
  ethnic divisions, leading to future conflicts
• New states are small and inherently weak, leading
  to potential domination

6
Middle East

• Mandates
• Former Ottoman lands divided into territories
  under European supervision (some colonies, others
  puppet monarchies)
• Problems
• Borders drawn without knowledge of local politics
  (Iraq)
• Nationalism Local groups angry at European
  powers for not granting full independence
• Zionist Issue (Palestine)

7
South Asia

• India
• British leaders promise more freedoms during the
  war in exchange for continued support
• Rowlatt Act
• After the war, British pass law curtailing Indian
  civil liberties
• Significance
• The failure of the British to make moderate
  reforms provides a fresh spark to the Indian
  nationalist movement (and creates a new celebrity)

8
Africa

• Colonies
• Like India, Africans had been promised better
  treatment in exchange for war support, only to
  find those promises hollow
• Significance
• Nationalism Like in India, a nationalist
  movements in various colonies led by Western
  educated individuals developed (Example National
  Congress of British West Africa)

9
East Asia

• Japan
• Western powers refuse to include a racial
  equality clause requested by Japanese delegation
  
• Significance
• Japan, already on dicey relations with the West,
  becomes openly hostile
• China
• Japan receives German territories in China
• Significance
• Feeling of betrayal by the Allies gives a spark
  to the Communist (Marxist) movement in China

10
Russia

• Soviet Union
• Not permitted at conference, Bolshevik government
  (Red Russians) not recognized by Great Powers,
  still fighting a civil war with less radical
  groups (White Russians) supported by the West
• Hostility towards Bolsheviks for pulling Russia
  out of the war and their promotion of radical
  revolution among socialist groups in the West
• Significance
• Mutual hostility between Soviet Russia and the
  West a major feature of life between the wars
  (more on this later)

11
America

• United States
• Congress fails to ratify Treaty of Versailles due
  to partisan disagreements
• America does not join League of Nations
• Significance
• Organization missing the worlds newest
  superpower lacks the power and authority
  necessary to enforce the peace

12
Coach Lerchs Final Thoughts

• The failure to achieve a satisfactory peace at
  the end of this global conflict led to long term
  political issues in all of the major regions and
  spawned a resumption of hostilities within 20
  short years