Europeans Influence Africa and Asia

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Europeans Influence Africa and Asia
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Turbulent Centuries in Africa

• It is said that the first time they saw
  sailsthey believed they were great seabirds with
  white wings, which were flying and had come from
  some strange placeSome thought the ships were
  fishes, others that they were ghosts that went by
  night, at which they were terrified
• -- Alvise Cadamosto, 1455

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Portugals Footholds

• The Portuguese originally built small forts on
  the coast and left just enough men and guns to
  defend their territory.
• Eventually took over all coastal areas.

Portuguese Coastal Fortress
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The Slave Trade

• Slavery had previously existed in Africa as
  different tribes took over and enslaved each
  other.
• Europeans shipped slaves to work on their
  plantations in the Americas.
• Plantations large estates run by an owner or an
  owners overseer in the Americas.

The Portuguese in awe of the majesty of the
Manikongo. The Portuguese were initially
impressed by the Kingdom of Kongo. Depopulation
from slave trading would eventually lead to the
disintegration of the once powerful Kongo
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Plantations
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European Justification (Whatever helps you sleep
at night)

• Europeans justified their slave trade by stating
  that since the Africans were not Christian, they
  were not civilized, and thus were only fit for
  slavery.
• The church still sent missionaries to try and
  convert the natives either in Africa, Asia, or
  the Americas.
• Missionary someone who strives to teach
  Christianity to those who are not followers

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The Triangle Trade

• African rulers would kidnap those that lived in
  the interior and bring them to the coastal forts.
• Europeans would trade gold, guns, textiles, etc.
  for the captured slaves.
• They would take the kidnap victims on the
  gruesome Middle Passage to the Americas where
  they would be sold to plantation owners as
  slaves.

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• The Americas produced products like cotton,
  sugar, grains, timber, tobacco, and other raw
  materials.
• Ships would take raw materials to Europe to be
  refined into manufactured goods. (textiles, guns,
  flour, furniture, etc.)
• These manufactured goods would be traded in
  Africa for more slaves or sold to colonists in
  the Americas.
• The process became known as the Triangle Trade.

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Resistance

• Some African leaders, such as Affonso I, tried to
  stop the trade by banishing Europeans from
  transporting slaves through their lands, but
  Europeans simply found ways around them, and the
  resistance was a failure.

Affonso Is coat of arms
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Asante Kingdom

• Osei Tutu united many African cities and formed
  the Asante Kingdom.
• Tutu claimed he had a right to rule from heaven.
• Asante kingdom created a gold and slave trade
  monopoly in their kingdom.
• Monopoly exclusive control over a business or
  industry, preventing others from becoming part of
  that market.

Asante Gold Soul Washers badge
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Asante Power

• The Asante traded their gold and slaves for
  European firearms.
• This allowed them to build a wealthy and powerful
  state.
• Why it such a big deal for the Asante Kingdom to
  own firearms?

Elephant Gun
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European Presence Expands

• Europeans moved in and took over Portuguese forts
  and ports, making them permanent parts of Africa
• Cape Town First permanent European settlement
• Boers Dutch farmers who took over African land
  and killed those who stood in their way.

Cape Town from 1764 by Johannes Rach
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Colonizations Effects Today

• Politically European territorial boundaries
  separate some African cultures.
• Europeans and Africans were deliberately
  separated. (South African Apartheid)
• Economically Residents were discouraged from
  building markets and cities, and diverse
  businesses were discouraged. Because of this,
  many Africans are in poverty.

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European Footholds in South and Southeast Asia
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Portugal Builds an Eastern Empire

• Recall Portugal was a leader in explorations to
  the Spice Island and Africa
• How and why did the Portuguese begin exploration
  in Africa?
• Predict the impact the Portuguese might have in
  Asia.

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Portuguese Travel East

• After da Gama, the Portuguese, under Afonso de
  Albuquerques command, set off to control the
  Indian Ocean.
• By that time, Muslim rulers had established the
  Mughal empire throughout much of India.
• The Portuguese hoped to end Muslim power and turn
  the Indian Ocean into a Portuguese Lake.

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Portugal gets their Lake House

• After establishing a base on the island of Goa,
  Albuquerque burned coastal towns and crushed Arab
  fleets at sea, massacring many Muslims.
• For most of the 1500s Portugal controlled the
  spice trade between Europe and Asia.

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Portugals Weakness

• Despite their sea power, Portugal lacked
  resources and failed to make inroads into the
  region.
• Portuguese attacked Muslims and destroyed Hindu
  temples in attempt to convert Asians to
  Christianity

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Rise of the Dutch

• The Dutch were the first Europeans to challenge
  Portuguese domination of Asian trade.
• With a strategic settlement at Cape Town, the
  Dutch had a secure foothold in the region.

The Dutch Oven Practical Cookware, Funny
Sleeping Habit
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A Powerful Dutch Company

• In the early 1600s, a group of wealthy Dutch
  Merchants formed the Dutch East India Company
  (DEIC).
• Unlike Portuguese and Spanish traders, the DEIC
  had full sovereign powers.

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Dutch East India Company (DEIC)

• With its power to build armies and wage war, the
  DEIC came to dominate the region
• Sovereign Having full independent power. (not
  being controlled by a government)

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Asserting Dutch Dominance

• The Dutch were able to enforce a monopoly in the
  Spice Islands.
• They controlled shipments to Europe and much of
  the trade within Southeast Asia.
• They used military force to further their goals.

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Mughal Empire
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Mughal India European Traders

• Mughal India was the center of the valuable spice
  trade.
• The Mughal empire was larger, richer and more
  powerful than any kingdom in Europe.

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• The Taj Mahal is the most famous piece of
  architecture from the Mughal Empire.

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The Decline of the Mughals

• As the empire weakened conflicts between Hindu
  and Muslim princes rekindled.
• Rulers then increased taxes, sparking rebellion.
• The British used troops to drive out the French
  in the region. Mughals forces to recognize
  British right to collect taxes.
• By the late 1700s, the British had used its great
  wealth to dominate most of India.

India becomes the Jewel of the British Empire
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The Perfect Picture
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Chuck Norris

• Chuck Norris destroyed the periodic table,
  because he only recognized the element of
  surprise.