Homo sapiens migrated to Europe, Asia, Australia and the Americas from this continent:

1
Homo sapiens migrated to Europe, Asia, Australia
and the Americas from this continent

• AFRICA

2
The estimated emergence of Homo sapiens is about
this long ago

• 100,000 400,000 years ago

3
Early humans ______________ to new environments
by shaping simple tools and making clothing

• ADAPTED

4
Early peoples were nomadic because

• 1.They followed herds of animals
• 2. They searched for food, water and shelter

5
Hunter gatherers lived in tribes or ____________
as they searched for meat, seeds and nuts.

• CLANS

6
Early humans developed oral language which
means

• SPOKEN LANGUAGE

7
Fire was created in the _____ Stone Age.

• OLD
• (Paleolithic)

8
The first tools and simple weapons were made from

• STONE!
• (the STONE AGE!!!)

9
Oral language, clothing, cave art, fire use and
simple weapons characterize the

• OLD STONE AGE OR PALEOLITHIC

10
Domesticated animals, weaving, settled farming,
advanced tools and pottery characterize

• THE NEW STONE AGE OR NEOLITHIC

11
These scientists study past cultures by locating
and analyzing artifacts and remains left by
humans

• ARCHAEOLOGISTS

12
One method of dating artifacts and fossils is

• RADIOCARBON DATING

13
Giant circle of stones in England in Neolithic
Era probably used for religion

• STONEHENGE

14
The early river valleys are often called the

• Cradles of Civilization

15
Which early civilization was located along a
narrow strip of land along the Nile in Africa?

• EGYPT

16
Which civilization was located between the Tigris
and Euphrates?

• MESOPOTAMIA

17
Which civilization was located along the Indus
and the Ganges?

• INDIA

18
Which civilization was located on the Huang He
(Hwang Ho) River ?

• CHINA

19
People tended to settle in river valleys because

• Water was available for irrigation
• Soils were rich for farming
• Physical features such as deserts and mountains
  provided a natural defense

20
The name for the region located along the
Mediterranean Coast connecting Mesopotamia and
the Nile is known as the

• FERTILE CRESCENT

21
With surplus food, trade was promoted along
rivers and seas. Surplus food also resulted in

• 1.Food storage2.Accounting systems to track food
  and farmers3. City development4. Growth of
  government to run the city

22
Written language developed from pictograms.
Egyptian writing was known as

• HIEROGLYPHICS

23
Sumerian or Mesopotamian writing / pictograms was
known as

• CUNEIFORM

24
Examples of the technology of Ancient River
civilizations include

• USE OF COPPER, BRONZE IRON
• CHARIOTS FOR WARFARE
• PLOWS FOR FARMING

25
The Ancient Egyptians worshipped many gods this
is known as

• POLYTHEISM

26
Independent city and surrounding lands (small
kingdoms)

• CITY-STATES

27
Government that is also in charge of religion

• THEOCRACY

28
Social patterns in Early Civilizations

• dynasty, hierarchy (social classes), slavery was
  common

29
Artisans focus on excelling in one craft

• SPECIALIZATION OF LABOR

30
Location of the worlds first cities

• River ocean trade routes

31
Location of Phoenician civilization

• East Coast of the Mediterranean.

32
Phoenician contributions to civilization

• Sea trade
• alphabet

33
Large Middle Eastern Empire known for its
tolerance of conquered people

• PERSIAN EMPIRE

34
Persias imperial bureaucracy

• They had an empire with officials who ran the
  day-to-day tasks of government.

35
How the Persians linked their huge empire (the
largest in the world at the time)

• ROADS

36
Where the Persian Empire was built

• Central Asia and Mesopotamia

37
Religion of the Persian Empirethat focused on
good vs. evil

• ZOROASTRIANISM

38
Hebrews settled

• Between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River

39
Essential beliefs of the Jewish people include

• One God (the 1st monotheistic religion).
• Gods covenant with the Hebrews as the chosen
  people.
• 10 Commandments as the moral and religious laws
  of conduct.

40
The written record of the Hebrews that forms the
basis of the Old Testament in Christianity is
called the

• TORAH

41
This Hebrew led his tribe out of ancient Sumer to
the Land of Goshen he was considered a prophet.

• ABRAHAM

42
This leader led the Hebrews out of Egypt and
received the 10 Commandments

• MOSES

43
4 contributions of Judaism to modern Western
civilization include

• Monotheism.
• 10 Commandments.
• Old Testament.
• All people equal before the law.

44
Judaism is the basis of these other 2 major world
religions

• Christianity
• Islam

45
How Judaism was spread

• Exile (Egypt and Babylon)
• Diaspora (when the Persians freed them from
  Babylon)

46
Holy City of Judaism, believed to be the Promised
Land

• Jerusalem

47
Ancient Greece was located on a peninsula with
this sea to the EAST and this sea to the SOUTH

• AEGEAN (EAST)
• MEDITERRANEAN (SOUTH)

48
Location of Greece

• Balkan Peninsula Europe
• Asia Minor

49
Major trade routes to spread Hellenic (GREEK)
culture

• Black Sea
• Dardanelles Strait

50
Location of 1.Athens2. Sparta3. Troy

• Attica Peninsula
• Peloponnesian Peninsula
• Ionia/Asia Minor/Anatolia Peninsula

51
What topographical feature led to the isolated
development of city states instead of a unified
empire?

• MOUNTAINS

52
Although the climate was mild and some soils
were good for grape, olive and wheat farming,
Greeks had to

• Trade for items they could not produce and
• COLONIZE

53
The good harbors and merchant trade emphasis
resulted in this for Ancient Greece

• 1. Cultural diffusion
• 2. Technological advances

54
With such a mild climate, Greeks congregated in
the AGORA and

• Engaged in civic and commercial activities.

55
Ancient Greek religion was POLYTHEISTIC.True or
False?

• TRUE!!

56
What are the goals of Ancient Greek Religion?

• 1.To explain the mysteries of nature.
• 2. To explain life after death
• 4. To justify the unpredictability of human
  emotion

57
King of the Greek Gods (and father of some
humans like Hercules)

• ZEUS

58
Patron goddess of Athens

• ATHENA

59
Greek goddess of love and beauty

• APHRODITE

60
Sister and wife of ZEUS, protector of women and
marriage

• HERA

61
Greek god of the sun

• APOLLO

62
Greek goddess of light and hunting

• ARTEMIS

63
Order of Athenian Government

• Monarchy
• Aristocracy (oligarchy)
• Tyranny
• Democracy
• MATD

64
Rule by one person who may inherit power by
family succession is known as

• MONARCHY

65
OLIGARCHY or Aristocracy involves rule by

• A small group of nobles.

66
Rule by one person who seizes power by force is
known as

• A TYRANNY

67
Rule by a popular assembly in which the citizens
may vote is known as

• DEMOCRACY

68
Type of government in Sparta

• OLIGARCHY

69
City-state with rigid social structure and
militaristic society

• SPARTA

70
Known for his epic poetry

• HOMER

71
In order to ease overcrowding on the mainland of
Greece and gain access to additional grain, the
Greeks established

• COLONIES

72
The Greek merchants changed the barter economy of
the Mediterranean to a

• MONEY ECONOMY

73
The three social groups in the city-state were

• 1. Citizens
• 2. Free people with no political rights (women
  foreigners)
• 3. Slaves

74
T or F Civic decisions were made in open debate
and men were expected to participate in public
life

• TRUE!

75
The Athenian archon (tyrant) who was known for
his written laws and harsh punishments

• DRACO

76
Athenian archon (tyrant) who improved the legal
system and expanded participation in the Assembly

• SOLON

77
The wars against this empire united the Greeks
against a common enemy

• PERSIA

78
Results of the Persian War

• Golden Age in Athens

79
The Greeks triumphed at Marathon and Salamis
giving them control over this sea

• THE AEGEAN SEA

80
This Athenian ruler during Athens Golden Age
established a democracy in which all adult male
citizens had an equal voice in government

• PERICLES

81
What is the name of the building built by this
ruler in Athens after the destruction of the
Persian Wars?

• THE PARTHENON

82
Under Athenian leadership, this was an alliance
of Greek city states for mutual defense

• THE DELIAN LEAGUE

83
Two causes of the Peloponnesian War included

• Athenian dominance of the Delian League became
  excessive
• Sparta desired to overthrow Athens control of
  the league

84
3 effects of the Peloponnesian War

• 1. Greece was no longer united 2. Greece was
  vulnerable to invasion
• 3. Cultural development was stopped

85
Great Greek philosopher who introduced a new
method of teaching by questioning and died from
hemlock (poison)

• SOCRATES

86
Author of the Republic, a work describing
this philosophers idea of rule by wise and
ethical Philosopher Kings

• PLATO

87
An accomplished scientist as well as a great
philosopher, this man favored a government in
which there was a separation of powers

• ARISTOTLE

88
Father of History, this great Greek historian
and traveler was known for exaggerating events

• HERODOTUS

89
Greek historian who was accurate impartial and
only accepted eye-witness accounts

• THUCYDIDES

90
Greek sculptor who created the enormous statues
of Athena for the Parthenon and the statue of
Zeus for Olympia

• PHIDIAS

91
The 3 types of Greek columns are

• 1. DORIC
• 2. IONIC (Ionian)
• 3. CORINTHIAN

92
Known for his rational scientific and ethical
approach, this man is considered the founder of
modern medicine

• HIPPOCRATES

93
The most famous Greek scientist who mastered the
use of the lever and pulley

• ARCHIMEDES
• (SCIENTIST)

94
Euclid developed a mathematical theory that is
today known as

• GEOMETRY

95
The great mathematician who developed the
theorem known to all geometry students as the way
to find the relationship between the sides of a
right triangle

• PYTHAGORUS

96
Type of drama written by Aeschylus and Sophacles

• TRAGEDY

97
Macedonia is located __________ of Greece.

• NORTH

98
The Macedonian who conquered most of Greece and
his son

• Philip II and Alexander

99
Alexanders empire and the influence of Greek
culture extended as far as this river valley in
the East

• THE INDUS RIVER VALLEY

100
The primary language spoken in Alexanders Empire

• GREEK

101
T or F The people of Egypt, Mesopotamia and
India were not influenced by Greek culture and
art.

• FALSE!!

102
Greek culture combined with Persian
(oriental/Near East) culture

• Hellenistic

103
The Italian Peninsula was a natural crossroads
for the following activities

• 1. Trade
• 2. Cultural exchange
• 3. Conquest

104
This mountain system to the north provided Italy
with a natural protection from invaders

• The Alps

105
Additionally, the following three seas (to the
East, South and West) surrounding the peninsula
gave protection

• 1. Adriatic
• 2. Mediterranean
• 3. Tyrrhenian

106
Integral to Ancient Romes culture, politics and
art was this polytheistic religion

• Roman mythology

107
While western culture adopted many of the Roman
symbols and images, the Romans adopted THEIR
religious ideas from

• The ancient Greeks

108
While the Greek god of the sky was Zeus, the
Roman god was

• Jupiter

109
Juno may be defined as the equivalent of the
Greek goddess (Queen of the gods)

• Hera

110
Roman god of the sea

• Neptune

111
Roman Sun god

• Apollo

112
Roman goddess of light and hunting

• DIANA

113
Roman goddess of arts and professions

• MINERVA

114
Roman God of War and the red planet

• Mars

115
Goddess of beauty, another planet

• Venus

116
The three social classes of the Roman Republic
included

• 1. Patricians
• 2. Plebeians
• 3. Slaves

117
The Romans Greeks made slaves out of captives.
In Athens, this percentage of people were slaves

• 1/3!!!

118
The Roman nobility who were few in number were
called

• Patricians

119
The majority of the population consisting of
landowners, townspeople, merchants and small
farmers were called

• Plebeians

120
Typically, in Ancient Rome, one became a slave by

• Being conquered

121
What classes have the privilege of citizenship in
the Roman Republic?

• Patricians and plebeians
• (An alien could be granted citizenship only with
  special authorization)

122
What were some of the obligations of Roman
citizenship?

• 1. Voting
• 2. Paying taxes
• 3. Serving in the military

123
Two _______ were elected by the Assembly to serve
Rome for 1 year. They held the power of VETO.

• Consuls

124
Although relatively powerless, the plebeians
could be elected to be one of 10 _________ with
the ability to veto Senate bills.

• Tribunes

125
The Twelve Tables improved this aspect of Rome
for the plebeians

• Laws were codified and publicly displayed

126
These wars were fought between Rome and Carthage

• Punic Wars

127
This Carthaginian general led an invasion of
Italy with his elephants!

• Hannibal

128
What are 3 results of the wars with Carthage?

• 1. Carthage was devastated.
• 2. Rome developed a powerful navy and rose to
  supremacy in the Mediterranean Sea.
• 3. Rome went on to conquer mainland Europe.

129
As a result of this change by the large
landowners, many small farmers became unemployed
and moved to cities for work

• latifundia

130
Roman conquest made possible cultural diffusion
through

• 1. Military occupation
• 2. Trade

131
This brilliant Roman general led the conquest of
Gaul (France) as well as the British Isles

• Julius Caesar

132
The result of the civil war between Caesars
forces and the Senates forces was

• A victory for Caesar he became dictator for
  life.

133
4 main causes for decline of the Roman Republic
were

• 1. Slavery spread.
• 2. Small farmers became unemployed and moved to
  cities.
• 3. The civil war that led to Caesars rise in
  power.
• 4. Inflation Roman coinage became less valuable
  so prices of goods went up.

134
The first emperor of Rome after he defeated Mark
Anthony was

• Augustus Caesar
• (or Octavian)

135
The end of the Roman Republic and the beginning
of the Roman Empire may be attributed to these 2
causes

1. Civil war and the rise of Augustus Caesar.
2. The failure to provide for the succession of
   emperors.

136
The basis for the power of the Roman Empire was

• The army.

137
Inflation hit Rome because of

• 1. Money needed for military conquest.
• 2. Money needed for defense.

138
3 good economic impacts of the Roman Empire

1. Uniform coinage to enhance trade.
2. Guaranteed safe travel on Roman roads.
3. Prosperity and stability.

139
a good social aspect of the Roman Empire

• Social classes were stabilized under central
  authority.

140
2 good political aspects of the Roman Empire

• 1. A civil service was created.
• 2. A uniform rule of law was established.

141
T/F The Roman law provided a foundation for law
in nations that developed in Western Europe.

• True!

142
The Christian faith is based on the teachings of

• Jesus Christ

143
5 major Christian beliefs include

• One God
• Jesus as son of God.
• Life after death.
• Church recognition of all who believe.
• All people are equal before God.

144
Christianity was spread by the writings and
teachings of

• Apostles and other missionaries.

145
Christian doctrine was affirmed and clarified by
religious assemblies like the

• Council of Nicea

146
One of the reasons the Christians were persecuted
in the Roman Empire was

• They were MONOTHEISTIC and refused to acknowledge
  the Emperor as god.

147
In 66 AD this fiddle playing Roman Emperor blamed
the burning of Rome upon the Christians

• NERO

148
This Roman emperor ended the persecution of
Christians when he converted to Christianity and
made it the official faith of the Roman Empire

• CONSTANTINE

149
Christianity has its origins in this earlier
faith

• JUDAISM

150
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church is the
bishop of Rome or the

• POPE

151
Religious districts were directed by these church
officials

• BISHOPS

152
The individuals who directly served a particular
parish were called

• PRIESTS

153
With the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the
people of western Europe turned to this
institution for security

• THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

154
Major Roman architectural achievements
included(1) The great arena (2) the temple to
all gods and (3) the city center around which
govt. offices were built

• Colosseum
• Pantheon
• Forum

155
Roman technological improvements in
transportation and water carrying included

• Roads
• Aqueducts

156
Romance languages such as Italian, Spanish and
French are based upon this root language

• LATIN

157
Ptolemy was a scientist of the Roman Era who
believed the universe was GEOCENTRIC, meaning?

• EARTH Centered

158
Great Roman poet who, in the tradition of Homer,
wrote the Aeneid?

• Virgil

159
The Roman Empire declined as a result of

• Economic decline and inflation
• Military costs and change in army
• Moral decay
• Political turmoil and civil war
• Invasions by Germanic tribes

160
The last ROMAN emperor reigned in this year

• 476 AD

161
The Roman Emperor who divided the Roman Empire
into East and West was

• Diocletian

162
Constantine founded a new capital at Byzantium
and named it

• CONSTANTINOPLE

163
Advantages of the new capital included

• Closer to Silk Road and more financially stable
• Easier to defend b/c of military and
  fortifications

164
The Byzantine emperor Justinian was known for

• 1. The Code of Justinian
• 2. Expansion of empire

165
T or F. The Code of Justinian provided justice
for a diversity of peoples in the Byzantine
Empire.

• TRUE

166
T or F. Justinians Code provides the basis for
European law codes.

• TRUE

167
The most common language spoken in the Byzantine
Empire was

• Greek

168
This religion evolved from Roman Catholicism and
was centered in Constantinople until 1453

• Eastern Orthodoxy

169
Armies from Asia that invaded Russia, China and
Muslim states, creating an empire

• MONGOLS

170
A major controversy erupted between the Catholic
and Orthodox churches regarding

• The worship of icons.
• The authority of the Pope in Rome or Patriarch of
  Constantinople.

171
T or F. Icons worship was supported most
strongly in the Byzantine empire during the
conflict.

• FALSE

172
T or F. Orthodox priests were not permitted to
marry and had to remain celibate.

• False

173
Roman Catholic services were required to be
conducted in this language through 1964

• LATIN

174
Icons are

• Paintings of holy people or scenes.

175
Adopted from the Muslim world, this art form was
used to decorate public and religious structures
in a geometric way

• MOSAIC

176
The famous church that has a dome built over
rectangular walls in Constantinople

• Hagia Sophia

177
The Slavs were converted to Orthodox Christianity
by these two monastic brothers

• Cyril and Methodius

178
What is the name of the alphabet created for the
Slavs that is still in use in Russia, Bulgaria
and eastern Europe?

• Cyrillic Alphabet

179
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the
Byzantine cultural traditions were carried on
here

• In Russia

180
The name of the nomads in the Arabian Peninsula

• The Bedouins

181
The Holy Book of Islam is known as the

• Quran (Koran)

182
The last great prophet according to Islamic
tradition

• Muhammad

183
The following three prophets were accepted as
part of the Islamic belief from Jewish and
Christian tradition

• Abraham
• Moses
• Jesus

184
T or F The Islamic faith is polytheistic.

• FALSE There is but one true God.

185
T or F Muslims tolerated Jews and Christians.

• TRUE

186
THE FIVE PILLARS OF FAITH

• Profession of faith There is no god but God and
  Muhammad is his prophet
• Daily prayers
• Alms to the poor
• Fast during the month of Ramadan
• Make a pilgrimage to Mecca

187
Muslim conquest of lands in Syria and Palestine
sparked this reaction from Christians

• A call for CRUSADES to regain the Holy Lands (9)

188
T or F The Muslim Empire preserved and extended
ancient Greek learning.

• TRUE

189
T or F The Muslim Empire slowed trade in the
Mediterranean.

• False! Trade was accelerated!

190
Among the major differences between the Muslim
sects of the Sunni and the Shia (Shiites) are

• Differences over who should succeed Muhammad as
  caliph.
• Differences over the use and interpretation of
  the Quran.

191
T or F While Islamic teachings discouraged
slavery, the practice still remained widespread.

• TRUE

192
The Battle fought between the Muslims and the
Franks in 732 in which the Muslims were conquered

• Battle of Tours

193
With the growing size of the Islamic empire, the
provinces were eventually divided into 3

• CALIPHATES

194
The Muslims will retain control of this European
country until the Re-conquest (Reconquista) by
Ferdinand and Isabella in the late 1400s

• Spain

195
The stability and protection of the Roman Empire
was shattered by

• Invasions of Barbarians.

196
This is the name for the system that arose in the
Middle Ages to provide security and protection on
a local level

• FEUDALISM

197
A lord gave land to a vassal in exchange for

• 1. Military service
• 2. A percentage of crops
• 3. Administration of courts
• 4. Fee collection

198
The origin of serfdom in which people are bound
to work the land for a particular landowner is

• The Roman Latifundia and Slavery system.

199
This was the name for the stable, self-sufficient
economic system in the Middle Ages

• The Manor

200
The 3 major classes in the Middle Ages with their
separate roles

• 1. The Clergy spiritual guidance
• 2. The Nobles protection and justice
• 3. The Peasants agricultural labor

201
Typically, the nobles attained their tiles and
lands in this manner

• Inheritance

202
T or F The church could hold manor lands and
church officials could serve as vassals.

• TRUE! The Catholic church amassed great wealth
  and many land holdings during the Middle Ages!

203
With his Carolingian Renaissance, this king
emphasized learning, Christianity and revived
Roman culture

• Charlemagne

204
On Christmas Day of 800AD, this official crowned
Charlemagne, thus establishing the power of the
Church

• POPE

205
Charlemagne was crowned with this title

• Holy Roman Emperor

206
With powers such as excommunication and
interdict, this institution held authority over
Europeans

• The Catholic Church

207
The name of the treaty that divided Charlemagnes
empire between his GRANDsons (although the SOL
says its between his sons, ARGH)

• Treaty of Verdun

208
These defensive structures provided protection
from invaders such as the Vikings and Magyars

• Castles

209
Viking and Magyars settled in 1._____________
while the Angles and Saxons settled in
2.____________.

• 1. Mainland Europe
• 2. England

210
Medieval society was an interesting combination
of these 3 traditions

• Roman
• Christian
• Germanic

211
The concept of a united Christendom meant that
loyalty to the ________ came before loyalty to
the government.

• Catholic Church

212
St. Benedict is a founder of a

• Monastery

213
Monks were engaged in illumination and copying of
ancient manuscripts and helped to preserve
secular works from ancient

• Greece and Rome

214
The Latin alphabet and the Christian faith were
carried to the Germanic tribes and the Celts by
________________

• Missionaries

215
The parish priests administered the 7
___________, essential for salvation.

• Sacraments

216
English king who united most of Medieval England
after he successfully conquered it

• William the Conqueror

217
Law code of medieval England that applied to ALL
citizens, begun by Henry II

• COMMON LAW

218
English king forced by nobles to sign the Magna
Carta which limited the kings powers

• KING
• JOHN

219
War between England and France that helped define
both as strong nations

• 100
• YEARS WAR

220
French king who established throne in Paris and
gradually gained control of all of France

• HUGHCAPET

221
Peasant girl turned soldier who unified France
during the 100 Years War

• JOAN
• OF
• ARC

222
Spanish monarchs who unified Spain as a Christian
nation by kicking out Jews and Muslim Moors

• Ferdinand Isabella

223
Russian tsar who overthrew the Mongols, made his
capital in Moscow and expanded Russia

• IVAN
• THE
• GREAT

224
Pope whose speech called for the Crusades

• POPE URBAN II

225
Why the Pope called Christian soldiers to join
the Crusades

• Muslims had taken Jerusalem

226
Outcome of the 1st Crusade

• Christians re-captured Jerusalem but many
  returned home and Muslims took it back again

227
Muslim leader the Crusaders lost Jerusalem to

• SALADIN

228
Why Crusaders sacked Constantinople in the 4th
Crusade

• They wanted the citys wealth.

229
Population declinedscarce labordecline of
feudalismChurch loses influencetrade decreased

• Results of the Black Death

230
literateworked in monasteriestranslated
Classic works into Latin

• CHURCHSCHOLARS

231
Increased demand for luxury items from Mid
Eastcredit and banks now used

• effects of the Crusades

232
The Church was against charging USURY fees on
loans

• INTEREST

233
The two major African civilizations of
Sub-Saharan Africa are

• 1. Ghana
• 2. Kush (located on upper southern Nile)

234
Kush was (1) located in and (2) traded with

• 1. East Africa
• 2. Egypt

235
Ghana was (1) located inand (2) traded gold for

• 1. West Africa
• 2. Salt

236
Ancient African kingdom in present-day Ethiopia
or NE Africa near the Nile River

• AXUM

237
Religion of Axum

• CHRISTIANITY
• (they were converted by missionaries)

238
Bantu kingdom in Southern Africa, in between the
Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers

• ZIMBABWE

239
Capital of Bantu kingdoms walled city-states

• Great Zimbabwe

240
Kingdom b/w Niger River and the Sahara Desert in
NW Africa

• MALI

241
Capital of Mali, a center of trade and learning

• TIMBUKTU

242
Religion spread to N. Africa in 700s AD

• ISLAM

243
African religions that believed spirits reside in
all of nature before Islam and Christianity
spread to Africa

• Animism (many ethnic religions are animist)

244
Kingdom in NW Africa that conquered Mali and was
located on the Niger River and Sahara Desert

• SONGHAI

245
In order to assert their dominance over the Indus
Civilization, Aryan invaders instituted the

• CASTE SYSTEM (Varna)

246
What religious tradition supported the Caste
System?

• HINDUISM

247
Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of
_______________

• BUDDHISM

248
One thing that Gautama criticized was the

• CASTE SYSTEM

249
Following the 4 Noble Truths and the 8 Fold Path
will help one to reach

• NIRVANA
• (or enlightenment)

250
He was the great Mauryan ruler who sent Buddhist
missionaries to such places as China, Tibet,
Korea and Japan

• ASOKA

251
The Golden Age in literature, mathematics and
science was under the rulers of this empire

• GUPTA

252
India is the birthplace of Hinduism and Buddhism,
what is the faith introduced from the West that
is still popular in Pakistan today?

• ISLAM

253
While we know Hinduism is MONOTHEISTIC, the SOLs
consider it to be POLYTHEISTIC because

• THERE ARE MANY HINDU GODS
• (EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE ALL OF THE SAME ESSENCE)

254
The Doctrine of Rebirth in Hinduism is known as

• REINCARNATION

255
Sacred of writings of Hinduism collection of
songs, prayers

• VEDAS

256
Sacred of writings of Hinduism stresses the
Universal Spirit

• UPANISHADS

257
If your __________ is good, your past behavior
and dharma are also positive!

• KARMA

258
Some physical barriers to India include

• 1. HIMALAYAS
• 2. HINDU KUSH
• 3. OCEAN BARRIERS

259
A major invasion route for the invaders of India
is

• THE KHYBER PASS

260
What is the sea to the west of India that
provided contact with Muslim traders as well as
Rome

• ARABIAN SEA

261
Confucius emphasized the following ideas

• Respect for elders
• Importance of Education (Civil Service Exams)
• Dedication to fulfilling duty in life to
  government and society

262
T or F In addition to the Chinese philosophies
of Daoism and Confucianism, most Chinese still
practiced ancestor worship.

• TRUE!

263
Which Chinese philosophy seeks a separation from
the world and harmony with nature through a
simple life filled with inner peace and humility?

• DAOISM

264
Although also associated with NATURALISM, the
symbol representing the opposite forces reveals
balance in Daoism (Taoism) as well

• YIN AND YANG

265
As long as the Chinese Emperors rule was just
and the Gods approved, they possessed what was
known as the

• MANDATE OF HEAVEN

266
China was connected to the Western world
(including Rome!) via the

• SILK ROAD (a trade route over land)

267
Migratory invaders threatened Chinas northern
borders leading to the construction of

• THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA

268
Emperor who built the Great Wall of China

• Qin Shi Huangdi

269
The Tang period saw the increasing importance of
education high standards set for govt.
officials with new

• CIVIL SERVICE EXAMS

270
The spread of literature during the Tang dynasty
was enabled by the development of

• PRINTING!

271
Shintoism is an ethnic religion native to this
country

• Japan

272
Shintoisms focus is on the worship of

• Nature spirits
• But also! Ancestors and the Emperor

273
This religion was introduced to Japan from China
and Korea

• Buddhism

274
The following are examples of Chinese cultural
influence

• 1. Confucianism
• 2. Art
• 3. architecture
• 4. writing

275
Japans culture was MOST heavily influenced by
this country

• CHINA

276
Japans best defense from invaders was

• The island geography! (4 main islands)

277
Chain or group of islands, such as Japan

• archipelago

278
Sea between Japan and mainland Asia (China and
Korea)

• Sea of Japan (aka East Sea)

279
The Mayan civilization was located in

• Mexico and Central America (Guatemala)

280
Central Mayan city-state ruled by a king

• Chichen Itza

281
The Maya and Aztec had their economies based upon
both

• Agriculture and trade

282
The Maya built magnificent ____________ and were
polytheistic.

• pyramids

283
The Aztec Empire was based in

• Central Mexico at Tenochtitlan (agricultural city)

284
The Aztec were ruled by an

• Emperor

285
The Aztec were known for their polytheistic
religion and gained sacrificial victims through

• Warfare

286
Empire located in the Andes Mountains of South
America

• INCAN

287
Main Incan city known for its terraced farming in
the mountains

• Macchu Picchu

288
How Incan Empire was ruled

• By an emperor

289
Incan economy based on

• Mountain grown crops

290
How the Incan Empire was linked

• ROADS

291
Four common cultural characteristics of Central
American civilizations were

• Writing
• Calendar
• Pyramids
• polytheism

292
trade route at 1 Silk Road
293
trade route at 2 China to SE Asia (cultural
diffusion by conquest)
294
trade route at 3 trade b/w Egypt and
Mesopotamia
295
trade route at 4 Africa to India
296
Trans-Saharan trade route(gold was traded for
Sahara Desert salt from the north)
297
Northern European sea and river trade routes
(connected Byzantine world with
Russia/Scandinavia/Vikings)
298
Mediterranean Trade Network western European
water trade(links to Africa and Asia, important
in the Renaissance)
299
Rebirth of the Greek and Roman classical ideals
in Italy

• RENAISSANCE

300
Why the Renaissance started in Italy

• Europe had become wealthy from trade with the
  Middle East.

301
About 1/3 of the population of England and France
was killed as a result of

• THE BLACK DEATH

302
Some of the beneficial effects of the Black Death
included

• Serfdom was eliminated due to the scarcity of
  labor
• Towns grew
• Church influence declined
• Capitalism began to flourish

303
Before the Renaissance, the individuals
interested in reading and interpreting Greek
manuscripts included

• Church scholars in Europe
• Byzantine scholars (revitalized interest in the
  classics)

304
The important banking family in Italy was

• THE MEDICI

305
The celebration of the dignity of man through the
study of rhetoric, grammar, history, poetry and
moral philosophy was

• HUMANISM

306
Increased trade led to interest in things
secular. Secular means

• Not religious, concerned with things of THIS world

307
While medieval art and literature focused on

• The Church
• Salvation

308
Renaissance art and literature focused on

• Humans and their emotions

309
Mona Lisa and the Last Supper are by

• LEONARDO DE VINCI

310
The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the statue
of David are by

• MICHELANGELO

311
Father of humanism and writer of Sonnets

• PETRARCH

312
The Prince was written by

• NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
• And was about
• How to rule effectively the first modern
  treatise on government!

313
Some concepts in successful government from The
Prince included

• Fear is more powerful than love
• Ruler must act swiftly and decisively
• Power must be kept by any means
• Do good if possible, evil when necessary
• The end justifies the means

314
The Northern Renaissance differed from the
Italian Renaissance in this way

• People were more concerned with piety and
  religious reform

315
What invention helped spread the ideas of the
Renaissance and Reformation?

• GUTENBERGS PRINTING PRESS

316
Writer of the satirical work, In Praise of
Folly?

• ERASMUS

317
Who was the author of Utopia

• SIR THOMAS MORE