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Created by Consuella E. Jackson
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Steps in The Writing Process
Prewriting First Draft Revising Editing Final
Draft
Publishing
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Prewriting

• Brainstorming
• Graphic Organizers
• Note taking
• Free Writing

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Brainstorming
Begin with a blank piece of paper.Write your
paper's topic, such as "The Ethics of Cigarette
Advertising," at the top. Write down everything
you can about the topic omit nothing, no matter
how strange, and don't stop until you are
completely out of ideas. Don't worry about
grammar or editing. Here's an example
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The Ethics of Cigarette Advertising

• Cigarettes cancer
• Cigarette ads not on TV
• Teenagers cigarettes
• Government subsidizes tobacco farmers
• Macho image of Marlboro Man
• Camel "Hard Pack?
• Anti-smoking groups
• Surgeon General's warnings
• Why don't we see pipe and cigar ads?
• Nicotine is addictive
• Cigarettes still very popular

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• Look at the previous slide, and reconsider the
  paper's topic. Ideas d and i stray from the
  topic, so cut them.
  
• Organize the remaining points.
• Next, logically arrange the other points in the
  order that you would use in your essay.
  
• New ideas may occur to you as you organize the
  material. That's okay as long as these ideas
  relate

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Now youre almost ready to begin writing your
first draft or at least an introductory
paragraph. Write your controlling idea and l
ets get those pencils moving!
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Conducting Research
If youre writing a research paper or in some
cases even an essay, it will be necessary for you
to go to the library or the Internet to research
your topic. Remember to take note cards/paper to
keep a record of your reference materials. Record
all the information you will need to correctly
complete your bibliography.
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Note taking

• Know what kinds of ideas you need to record Dont
  start your detailed research until you have done
  a general investigation of your topic.First look
  at your textbook and perhaps an encyclopedia or
  other reference book. Be aware of the general
  range of facts about your topic.  Try making a
  preliminary list of subtopics you might expect to
  find 
• Dont write too much Your finished paper must be
  y our own words, not plagiarized or a patchwork
  of quotations. Your notes will record only ideas
  and will summarize rather that quote. 
• Label your notes When you begin looking at each
  source, record the details of publication.  Leave
  lots of space in your notes to add comments. 

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Graphic Organizers - Clustering
Clustering allows you to explore many ideas as
soon as they occur to you. Like brainstorming or
free associating, clustering allows you to begin
without clear ideas. To begin choose a word that
is central to your assignment. Circle that word
then write words all around it--words that occur
to you as you think. Write down all words that
you associate with it, words that at first may
seem to be random. Write quickly, circling each
word, grouping words around your the central
word. Connect your new words to previous ones
with lines when you feel you have exhausted a
particular avenue of associations, go back to
your central word and begin again.
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Venn Diagrams
This is not easy!
The Venn Diagram is the perfect organizational
tool to use when writing an essay.
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First Draft
SIT DOWN AND WRITE YOUR ESSAY FROM BEGINNING TO
END.
Just do it! Yes, it IS as simple as that!!! Don't
expect perfection ... just go for it!
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Revising
I like to call this stage re-envisioning. It is
often the most important part of the writing
process. The revision stage is where you, the
writer, will finally discover and clarify what
you want to say. Professional writers sometimes
call it the stage where the writing really
begins. Poor (not you) writers tend to skip the
revision stage, or they mistake it for
editing and only work on little changes,
which are usually easier to handle than
rethinking the whole paper.
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Revise to develop strengths and discard refuse
What is verbiage? I didnt learn that word in ESL
class.
Elaborate and clarify what interests you most. M
ake your analysis of key issues subtle. Don't
collect excess verbiage. Cut and condense anythi
ng that doesn't move the story forward.
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Revise to organize
Think logically and rewrite the draft with a
sensible organizational scheme. Examine relations
between paragraphs and make smooth transitions
between ideas.
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Revise for Audience
Read the draft as your reader would. Imagine that
you are a different person for a moment. Think
like a stranger and step out of your skin. If you
weren't you, what wouldn't you understand about
this draft? If you weren't you, what more would
you like to learn about this subject? And what
might the teacher ask you to clarify?
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Revise to tune the voice
I didnt sleep at all last night!
Revising kept me up the entire night!
Read the draft line-by-line and make the words
sound good that have to sit next to each other.
Listen for the tone and rhythm of your writing.
Make thoughtful and dramatic combinations and
separations between sentences. Vary the length
of your sentences.
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Editing
Proofread with care fixing errors in diction, g
rammar, and punctuation. Also, double-check the
words, sentences and paragraphs, choosing the
best words, not just correct ones. Organize
sentences so that each one has focus and emphasis
and so that all the sentences work together
coherently.
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Final Draft
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Scoring Guide
Dont forget to complete your scoring guide!
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Publishing
Once you have completed a final draft, you are
ready to share your writing. Every writer wants
to be read and/or heard. Don't opt out of this
very important step of the writing process. You
never know, you could be the next Shel
Silverstein, R.L. Stine or Maya Angelou!
Possible ways to share a final draft include
-Performing a piece by reading it aloud or acting
it out for an audience -Giving copies to friends
and family -Displaying your work in an appropri
ate setting -Entering your piece of writing into
a writing contest -Submitting it for publicatio
n
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Publishing On-line
Here are a few sites that accept student
work.Before submitting online, read the
guidelines carefully and talk with your parents.
Free Poetry Contest--Young Writers--Language Arts
SchoolWorld Poetry Pages Blue Mountain Arts Po
etry Contest Penumbra Poetry 2001 Competition
Welcome to ByLine Magazine Welcome to Cricket Co
untry! Writing Conference PW Children's Featu
res New Moon (a children's online literary magaz
ine) Word Dance Fun Interactive Kids Page Kwil
kids Main Page Stone Soup magazine
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You wrote it! Take pride in your accomplishment!
but what is my grade?