AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HOCHIMINH CITY Regional Workshop: Fighting Urban Air Pollution From Plan t

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AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN HOCHIMINH
CITYRegional Workshop Fighting Urban Air
Pollution- From Plan to Action-Bangkok,
February 12 to 14, 2001
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Background

• Area 2,093.7 km2. Population 5 million.
  Average population density 2,419 pers/km2
  Industry 26,500 small-scale industries, 700
  medium/large-scale industries.
• As the economy expands, air quality is becoming
  serious problems as a result of emissions from
  industries such as cement plants, steel mills,
  fertilizer plants, chemical factories, rubber
  processing plants, tobacco and from over
  1,500,000 motorcycles (excluding frequent 500,000
  ones) and 130,000 all kinds of automobiles
  officially registered. With 60 traffic jammed
  locations, by far, the greatest cause of air
  pollution in HCMC is due to vehicular emissions
  that are affecting public health.

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Air Quality in HoChiMinh City

• Air Quality Monitoring System
• The end of 1992 The network includes four
  ambient air monitoring stations (PM, SO2, NOx)
  and three stations for roadside monitoring (PM,
  NOx, Pb, noise).
• In June 2000, the new automatically air quality
  monitoring system supported by UNDP DANIDA,
  includes two urban background stations (monitor
  PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, O3 ), two roadside stations
  (monitor PM10, NOx, CO, O3 ), were installed.

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Air Quality Situation in HCMC Table 1.
Results of Ambient Air Monitoring
in HCMC in year 2000
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The measures implemented to solving air
pollution problems in HoChiMinh City

• Industrial Pollution Control
• Command and Control measures
• 'The program on pollution survey' for 265
  industries in HCMC
• 'Black Book 1 2 ' lists of 87 polluting
  industrial enterprises .
• Economic Instrument measures Cleaner
  Production (CP) program
• Project " Reduction of Industrial pollution in
  HCMC" launched 15 companies from the food
  processing, textile-dyeing processing and pulp
  paper industries as demonstrations. Phase 3 being
  approved.
• Series of training programs conducted targeting
  nine environmental sensitive sectors and 1,000
  small medium enterprises in HCMC in 1999-2000.
• Communication and Support measures
• Revolving Fund for Pollution Mitigating
  established. Industries will be supplied a loan
  with low rate (1.5 per year)
• Begin 2001, a Green Book with fifty
  enterprises, which completely performed the
  environmental protection requirements
  successfully, will be published.

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• Traffic Pollution Control
• By 2003, motorized vehicles have to be controlled
  annually for meeting the environmental standards.
  
• By July 2001, phasing out of using leaded
  gasoline .
• Measures of reducing the traffic jams expansion
  of junctions and roads, channelisation, all kinds
  of trucks and lorries not be permitted to enter
  the inner city during rush hours, etc.
• Project Analyses of Technical Options for
  Mitigating Environmental Emissions from the Urban
  Transportation system in Selected Asian
  countries, following activities done in 2000
• Accomplishing a forecast application study on
  energy demand of HCMC in transport sector from
  2001 to 2020.
• Continuing to collect data related to the
  contents of the project.
• Participating in training courses for
  strengthening research capacity,etc.
• Studying on Balance of Energy-Environment in
  HCMC with assistance of ADEME.
• Testing effectiveness of Bio-Express PW-28 fuel
  oil additive and C.V.I.D for fuel saving and
  emission reduction.
• Holding a workshop on Identification of specific
  projects for green house gas reducing on
  transport sector in HCMC on 28/11/2000.

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Analyzing constrains affected air
pollutionmanagement activities in HCMC

• Institutional/organizational constraints
• Weak enforcement of environmental
  standards/regulations.
• Causes are lack of manpower, specific knowledge,
  technologies and materials.
• Financial constraints
• High pollution treatment cost that can affect to
  the price of product
• Small value of fine compared to treatment cost
• Economic instruments are hardly used.
• Other constraints
• Minor role of public within the policy setting
  activities of government.
• Environmental problems be not priority tasks of
  other agencies.
• Enforcement sometimes depends on economic
  situations, personal opinions.

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The relationships and interactions between
key-factors in air quality management
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