Ferris State University GIS project: integration of spatial data technologies

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Ferris State University GIS project integration
of spatial data technologies

• Yaron Felus, Robert C. Burtch and Sayed R.
  Hashimi
• Department of Surveying Engineering
• Ferris State University, MI

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FERRIS SURVEYING PROGRAM

• Surveying program established in 1957
• Associate Degree
• Bachelor degree established in 1972
• Response to Michigans requirement for a BS
  degree as minimum requirement for licensure

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FERRIS SURVEYING PROGRAM

• Mathematics, science civil engineering and
  general education basic core
• Core surveying knowledge
• Surveying instrumentation, techniques, mapping
  and field procedures
• Computer applications to surveying including
  AutoCAD, Into. to GIS and programming

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FERRIS SURVEYING PROGRAM

• 3. Advanced surveying tracks
• Advanced surveying applications
• Geodetic surveying
• Adjustments and statistical analysis of data
• Modern Cartography
• Professional track
• Legal principles of surveying
• Professional practices, ethics
• Land and urban development
• Imaging sciences
• Photogrammetry and remote sensing
• And advanced geographic information systems

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The problems

• Given these many courses in geospatial
  technology, we would like to design an
  undergraduate level GIS course which is tailored
  to Surveying Engineering applications
• How to integrate the different courses, challenge
  the students and display a practical spatial
  information systems case study

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GIS study areas.
Mathematical Statistical methods. Transformation
s, Data analysis
GIS
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The Life Cycle of a Spatial Database the Ferris
State University project
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The different steps of the project included

• Establishing a geodetic network using GPS
  techniques.
• Acquiring Remote Sensing images rectification and
  enhancement.
• Data compilation from existing resources
  (University architect)
• Additional data collection using photogrammetry
• Field completion and field data collection using
  total-stations and land surveying methods.
• Preparation of Metadata report or data quality
  description.
• Spatial data analysis, change detection, parking
  space etc.
• Map composition and cartographic design.
• Creating an on-line spatial data dissemination
  gateway.

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Monuments established in conspicuous locations
with visibility between them to allow convenient
leveling
Establishing a geodetic network using GPS
techniques
F.G.R.N. Recon Team 2001
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Global Positioning Systems (GPS), technology in
static mode was used to calculate new coordinates
using a set of MDOT known points
Establishing a geodetic network using GPS
techniques
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Using OPUS Service

• During the project the students used OPUS
• Online Positioning User Service.
• Operated by the National Geodetic Survey as a
  means to provide GPS users easier access to the
  National Spatial Reference System (NSRS).
• OPUS allows users to submit their GPS data files
  in RINEX format to NGS, where the data will be
  processed to determine a position using NGS
• computers and software.

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Ferris Geodetic Reference Network growing every
year
AFTER
BEFORE
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IKONOS of SpaceImaging 1-meter resolution and
QuickBird of DigitalGlobe acquiring
61-centimeters (2-foot) resolution images.
Remote Sensing the use of satellite images for
mapping and information systems.
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The GIS LAB during this step the students used
ArcView 3.x and now ArcGIS

• Data compilation from existing resources
  (University architect and Web resources)

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The Michigan Geographic Data Library

• Aerial Imagery
• Base Features (MIRIS-DLG)
• Contamination Sites
• Geology
• Hydrology
• Land Ownership
• Land Use/Land Cover
• Management Unit Boundaries
• Place Features

• Plant and Animal Locations
• Political Features
• Public Land Survey Features
• Satellite Imagery
• Soils
• Topography
• Transportation
• Utilities

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Michigan CGI Online

• The MIRIS Base was digitized from 124,000-scale
  USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps in Microstation
  using an error of .02 and range in date from
  1959 - 1986
• Accuracy /- 80 feet.
• Michigan GeoRef Coordinate System is employed,
  unlike Michigan State Plane, GeoRef was designed
  to project the State using a single zone rather
  than three zones.

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Challenges in data compilation

• How to integrate spatial databases with different
  computer format (Shape, geodatabases, CAD- .DWG
  Microsoft Access etc.
• Files with different coordinates systems
  (projection and transformation)
• Different accuracy and spatial resolution
• Building topology, correcting errors and checking

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Photogrammerty - Accurate mapping ( aerial photographs using advanced technology
Additional data collection using photogrammetry
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Advance data collection techniques RTK GPS,
electronic notebooks and Total Stations

• Field completion and field data collection

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• Various alpha numerical databases were compiled
  from field and existing University/City
  databases.
• Some features in the FSU GIS database had more
  then 25 fields, for example fire hydrant

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MetaData report, key issue

• MetaData- Data about data.
• While we would not think of purchasing a
  microwave oven or video recorder without an
  instruction booklet and a warranty against
  defects, geographic data most often is purchased
  without receiving any quality documentation.
• Data documentation protects the organization's
  investment in that data.
• Without knowledge of the data's accuracy,
  provenance, and age, we cannot have a high level
  of confidence in decisions based upon that data.

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Metadata Data quality

• Data_Quality_Information Attribute_Accuracy
• Logical_Consistency_Report
• 
  Completeness_Report
• 
  Positional_Accuracy
• Lineage
• Each of the elements in this equation is defined
  and should be provided as part of the metadata
  report

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Example solutions
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Metadata Data quality

• Estimation of positional accuracy
• Relative Compare 10 distances between distinct
  points on the map and on the ground
• Absolute Compare 10 coordinates of distinct
  points on the map and on the ground.
• Calculate the RMS of the results

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Metadata Data quality

• Estimation of completeness and attribute
  accuracy
• Subdivide the area into small sections, examine
  the map in the field and check for
  omitted/wrongly classified entities
• Thorough analysis of the spatial database to
  estimate logical consistency

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Map composition and cartographic design
Spatial data analysis and urban studies
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Parking lot distribution per group (faculty and
staff, students, public etc.)
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Parking lot distribution per group (faculty and
staff, students, public etc.)
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Advanced visualization techniques such as fly
through and stereo modeling
Digital elevation models, 3D analysis and Virtual
Reality
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Building a 3D image using Laser Scanning
Technologies
Created using Cyra 3D laser scanning system by
Sterling Systems Consulting, Inc
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Campus temporal analysisImages from 1970- in an
8 years interval were studied ( 1980)
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Campus temporal analysisImages from 1970- in an
8 years interval were studied(1988)
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Campus temporal analysisImages from 1970- in an
8 years interval were studied(2001)
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Temporal analysis

• Using vector overlaid on raster different
  temporal aspect of the campus and city were
  evaluated for example
• How many new roads were developed since 1974?
• How many new buildings?
• Growing patterns of the city etc.

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Questions?
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Thank You