Title: Natural layering and root suckering Ronald Bellefontaine and Annie Molina CIRADfort France
1Natural layering and root suckeringRonald
Bellefontaineand Annie MolinaCIRAD-forêt
(France)
2VITRI / ETFRN / IUFRO SPDC WORKSHOP Trees,
Agroforestry and Climate change in Dryland Africa
(TACCDA), Hyytiälä, Finland, 29 June 4 July
2003. Slides presentation, with reference to
the article (on the same website) Plea for
the use of suckering and layering in dry tropical
and Mediterranean zones. During certain periods,
on some sites, and with certain species.
31. Definitions 2. Reiteration 3. Natural
layering 4. (Natural) root suckering 5. How to
induce Vegetative Propagation ? 6. Conclusions
4Artificial mound layering (branch) used in
horticulture.
5Not yet free suckers (from roots)
6Propagation by cutting
Stem-cuttings
7 Salvadora persica (Mauritanie) Layers or
adventicious roots born on the stem (like
Calligonum arich when covered by sand) ? C.
Cossalter
8A lot of suckers are produced by non-woody and
nutritious plants.
9 Guiera senegalensis. Shoots from root-collar
zone. (A Fabre)
10 Ailanthus glandulosa (on the left, RM
mother-tree root) D. Clair-Maczulajtys
Please note the 2 terms T stem TS
underground-stem (collar ?)
11Ailanthus glandulosa 1, 2, 3 and 4 years
suckers.
Emancipation by self-separation occurs around the
3rd or 4th year. D. Clair-Maczulajtys
12Prosopis stephaniana (Tunisie) Are they
suckers (at about 0.6 and 0.9 m deep) ? in
Chaieb M. (1992).
13Combretum micranthum on termitarium !
Branch (air layering ?)
or root (sucker ?) Photo A. Ichaou
14Aerial and subterranean reiteration
15Combretum micranthum (Niger) Reiteration from a
cutted branch. Tientiergou, 400 mm/year.Photo K.
Saley.
16Reiteration concerns root systems too ! A - D
Shorea stenoptera E Laetia procera
(Flacourtiaceae) F Cecropia obtusa (Moraceae)
F. Hallé 1999.
17Natural layering
18Combretum micranthum (Niger) Architecture
enables layering.(A. Ichaou)
19Combretum micranthum Natural layering (Niger) A.
Ichaou 2000
20Guiera senegalensis - Niger Natural layering
Karim Saley 2001
21Guiera senegalensis - this young branch torn away
(with a piece of bark) has rooted ! (Niger, p
450 mm/year.) (A. Ichaou)
22Root suckering
(sometimes natural, often induced by some
stresses).
23Daniellia oliveri - Bénin Hundreds of suckers
along the road and in a cotton field Bellefonta
ine 2001
24Daniellia oliveri Suckers in the cotton field
(Benin) Bellefontaine 2001
25Daniellia oliveri - An excavated sucker
(Benin) R. Bellefontaine 2001
26Diospyros mespiliformis (Niger) A lot of suckers
on bare roots A. Ichaou 2001
27Cassia sieberiana - suckers, 14 meters away from
the mother-tree (Niger). A. Ichaou 2001
28How could N.V.P. be induced at low cost
? (N.V.P. Natural Vegetative Propagation)
291. Layering by covering with soil Combretum
micranthum - Niger.
302. Layering by breaking branches or stems, just
before the rainy season.
313. Breaking branches like an umbrella, as
shepherds do. (Mauritanie, Sclerocarya birrea).
324. Digging a field Faidherbia albida - Burkina
Faso. D. Depommier
Natural seedlings
and root suckers !
335. Partial uprooting of senescent trees. Later
root suckers sprout.
346. Felling Faidherbia albida Stem sprouts
Suckers
D. Depommier
357. Forcing
After cutting the tree,
cover the stump with a black plastic
in order to favour suckers (and not stump
sprouts) ?
368. Clearing Detarium microcarpum, suckers appear
after felling.
Bationo A.B. 2001 - Burkina Faso.
379. Fires might provocate a knot of buds (like a
lignotuber).
1-5 underground lignotubers
Bridelia ferruginea
(Sillans 1958)
38Vegetative propagation 3 conditions 1/
specific species (clones), 2/ specific ecological
sites, 3/ at particular moments (during the
ontogenical development or at the right season).
39PROTOCOL FOR FUTURE STUDIES
??? ? Bibliographical study ?? ? Inquiries
(shepherds, women,.) ? ? Excavations and field
observations ? ? Anatomical and histological
analyses ??? ? Physiological analyses during 2
seasons (hormones, starch, )
40J. Leroy Deval (1974)
An example of a meticulous excavation
41We should test root segments plantations !
42Conclusions
43Advantages
See seeding, planting St sp stump
sprouts Lay layers RS root suckers
442. Dont resist to innovation even you have
followed a forest cursus (seed bank, seed stand,
seed orchard, seed cutting, etc.) !!!!! 3. Sexual
reproduction and VP are indissociable. They are
plant strategies to be analysed.
453 layers and 1 sucker ? Combretum micranthum
(Niger) Karim Saley and A. Ichaou (2001)
46Combretum micranthum (Niger)
Branch 3 layers and 1 sucker ?
47 1. Open your eyes ! Watch,
2.Propagate at lower cost forage and fruit
trees !
3. Transfer the knowledge !
48 5. Think to participate to the N.V.P.
network. (please see my e-mail)
The end. Thank you !