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Natural layering and root suckering Ronald Bellefontaine and Annie Molina CIRADfort France

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Title: Natural layering and root suckering Ronald Bellefontaine and Annie Molina CIRADfort France


1
Natural layering and root suckeringRonald
Bellefontaineand Annie MolinaCIRAD-forêt
(France)
  • Montpellier, June 2003.

2
VITRI / ETFRN / IUFRO SPDC WORKSHOP Trees,
Agroforestry and Climate change in Dryland Africa
(TACCDA), Hyytiälä, Finland, 29 June 4 July
2003. Slides presentation, with reference to
the article (on the same website) Plea for
the use of suckering and layering in dry tropical
and Mediterranean zones. During certain periods,
on some sites, and with certain species.
  • May 2003.

3
1. Definitions 2. Reiteration 3. Natural
layering 4. (Natural) root suckering 5. How to
induce Vegetative Propagation ? 6. Conclusions
4
Artificial mound layering (branch) used in
horticulture.
5
Not yet free suckers (from roots)
6
Propagation by cutting
Stem-cuttings
7

Salvadora persica (Mauritanie) Layers or
adventicious roots born on the stem (like
Calligonum arich when covered by sand) ? C.
Cossalter
8
A lot of suckers are produced by non-woody and
nutritious plants.
9
Guiera senegalensis. Shoots from root-collar
zone. (A Fabre)
10
Ailanthus glandulosa (on the left, RM
mother-tree root) D. Clair-Maczulajtys
Please note the 2 terms T stem TS
 underground-stem  (collar ?)
11
Ailanthus glandulosa 1, 2, 3 and 4 years
suckers.
Emancipation by self-separation occurs around the
3rd or 4th year. D. Clair-Maczulajtys
12
Prosopis stephaniana (Tunisie) Are they
suckers (at about 0.6 and 0.9 m deep) ? in
Chaieb M. (1992).
13
Combretum micranthum on termitarium !
Branch (air layering ?)
or root (sucker ?) Photo A. Ichaou
14
Aerial and subterranean reiteration
15
Combretum micranthum (Niger) Reiteration from a
cutted branch. Tientiergou, 400 mm/year.Photo K.
Saley.
16
Reiteration concerns root systems too ! A - D
Shorea stenoptera E Laetia procera
(Flacourtiaceae) F Cecropia obtusa (Moraceae)
F. Hallé 1999.
17
Natural layering
18
Combretum micranthum (Niger) Architecture
enables layering.(A. Ichaou)
19
Combretum micranthum Natural layering (Niger) A.
Ichaou 2000
20
Guiera senegalensis - Niger Natural layering
Karim Saley 2001
21
Guiera senegalensis - this young branch torn away
(with a piece of bark) has rooted ! (Niger, p
450 mm/year.) (A. Ichaou)
22
Root suckering
(sometimes natural, often induced by some
stresses).
23
Daniellia oliveri - Bénin Hundreds of suckers
along the road and in a cotton field Bellefonta
ine 2001
24
Daniellia oliveri Suckers in the cotton field
(Benin) Bellefontaine 2001
25
Daniellia oliveri - An excavated sucker
(Benin) R. Bellefontaine 2001
26
Diospyros mespiliformis (Niger) A lot of suckers
on bare roots A. Ichaou 2001
27
Cassia sieberiana - suckers, 14 meters away from
the mother-tree (Niger). A. Ichaou 2001
28
How could N.V.P. be induced at low cost
? (N.V.P. Natural Vegetative Propagation)
29
1. Layering by covering with soil Combretum
micranthum - Niger.
30
2. Layering by breaking branches or stems, just
before the rainy season.
31
3. Breaking branches like an umbrella, as
shepherds do. (Mauritanie, Sclerocarya birrea).
32
4. Digging a field Faidherbia albida - Burkina
Faso. D. Depommier
Natural seedlings
and root suckers !
33
5. Partial uprooting of senescent trees. Later
root suckers sprout.
34
6. Felling Faidherbia albida Stem sprouts
Suckers
D. Depommier
35
7.  Forcing 
After cutting the tree,
cover the stump with a black plastic
in order to favour suckers (and not stump
sprouts) ?
36
8. Clearing Detarium microcarpum, suckers appear
after felling.
Bationo A.B. 2001 - Burkina Faso.
37
9. Fires might provocate a knot of buds (like a
lignotuber).
1-5 underground lignotubers
Bridelia ferruginea
(Sillans 1958)
38
Vegetative propagation 3 conditions 1/
specific species (clones), 2/ specific ecological
sites, 3/ at particular moments (during the
ontogenical development or at the right season).
39
PROTOCOL FOR FUTURE STUDIES
??? ? Bibliographical study ?? ? Inquiries
(shepherds, women,.) ? ? Excavations and field
observations ? ? Anatomical and histological
analyses ??? ? Physiological analyses during 2
seasons (hormones, starch, )
40
J. Leroy Deval (1974)
An example of a meticulous excavation
41
We should test root segments plantations !
42
Conclusions
43
Advantages
See seeding, planting St sp stump
sprouts Lay layers RS root suckers
44
2. Dont resist to innovation even you have
followed a forest cursus (seed bank, seed stand,
seed orchard, seed cutting, etc.) !!!!! 3. Sexual
reproduction and VP are indissociable. They are
plant strategies to be analysed.
45
3 layers and 1 sucker ? Combretum micranthum
(Niger) Karim Saley and A. Ichaou (2001)
46
Combretum micranthum (Niger)

Branch 3 layers and 1 sucker ?
47
1. Open your eyes ! Watch,
2.Propagate at lower cost forage and fruit
trees !
3. Transfer the knowledge !
48
5. Think to participate to the N.V.P.
network. (please see my e-mail)
The end. Thank you !
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