Medical Terminology Reproductive System

1
Medical Terminology Reproductive System
2
Function

• The male and female reproductive systems include
  the gonads (ovaries and testes), where sex cells
  and hormones are produced, and other organs,
  ducts, and glands that transport and sustain the
  egg or sperm cell.

3
Anatomy and Physiology

• Female reproductive system includes
• Ovaries produce
• Sex cells
• Hormones
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Vagina
• Accessory glands
• External genital structure

4
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form genit(o)
• Organ of reproduction
• Another word form for genitals is
• Genitalia
• Uro/genit/al means
• Pertaining to the urinary and reproductive system

5
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form means woman or female
• Gynec(o)
• The medical specialty that treats disease of the
  female reproductive tract is
• Gynecology
• Gynecoloc/ic means pertain to gynecology or
• Study of diseases that occur only in female

6
Anatomy and Physiology

• Internal structures
• Left ovary and associated left fallopian/uterine
  tube
• Right ovary and associated right
  fallopian/uterine tube
• Uterus
• Vagina
• Special glands

7
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form ovari(o)
• Structure of the ovary
• Suffix an means
• Pertaining to
• Ovarian means
• Pertaining to the ovary
• Combining word form oophor(o)
• Diagnostic and surgical terms

8
Anatomy and Physiology

• Disease of the ovaries is
• oophoropathy
• Combining word form salping(o) means
• Uterine tube
• Surgical removal of a uterine tube is
• Salpingectomy
• Combining word forms uter(o) hyster(o) and
  metr(o) means
• Uterus

9
Anatomy and Physiology

• Greeks use the word hysterikos to refer to
• Suffering in the womb
• Emotional upheaval caused by this suffering
• Combining word forms vagin(o) and colp(o) means
• Vagina
• Combining word form cysto(o) means
• Bladder

10
Anatomy and Physiology

• External structures
• Mons pubis
• Labia majora
• Labia minora
• Clitoris
• Prepuce
• Opening to glands
• Paraurethral
• Vestibular

11
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form vulv(o) means
• External genitalia in the female
• Vulv/ar or vulv/al pertains to the
• Vulva
• Vestibule is
• Any space or cavity at entrance to a canal
• Combining word form perine(o) means
• Perineum

12
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form cervix means
• Neck
• Colpo/cervic/al refers to
• Vagina and cervix

13
Anatomy and Physiology

• Combining word form metr(o) means
• Uterus or to measure
• The uterus is composed of three layers of tissue
• Perimetrium outer most layer
• Myometrium middle layer
• Endometrium means inner most layer

14
Anatomy and Physiology

• Prefix peri- means
• Around
• Combining word form my(o) means
• Muscle

15
Anatomy and Physiology

• Monthly cycle of growth and discharge of
  endometrium is
• Menstrual cycle
• Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secrete hormones
  that act on the ovaries
• Production of ova
• Production of estrogen
• Production of progesterone

16
Anatomy and Physiology

• Cyclic bloody discharge from shedding of the
  endometrium
• Menstruation
• Female reproductive cycle begins at
• Puberty
• The first menstruation is the
• Menarche
• Natural cessation of reproductive cycle is
• Menopause

17
Anatomy and Physiology

• Secretion of female reproductive hormones follows
  monthly cyclic patterns that affect the ovaries
  and uterus
• Ovarian cycle
• Menstrual (uterine) cycle

18
Anatomy and Physiology

• Ovarian phase
• Follicular phase days 1-5/6-12
• Growth of follicle
• Secretion of estrogen
• Ovulation is days 13-14
• Ova released by the follicle
• Luteal phase days 15-28
• Follicle becomes corpus luteum
• Secretes progesterone

19
Anatomy and Physiology

• Uterine (menstrual) phase
• Menses days 1-5
• Blood is shed form the vagina
• Proliferative phase days 6-12/13-14
• Growth of the endometruim
• Proliferative phase continues
• Secretory phase days 15-28
• Continued growth of endometruim
• Secretion of glycogen

20
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Physical assessment of female reproductive system
  includes
• Breasts
• External genitalia
• Pelvis
• Instrument for examining vagina
• Vaginal speculum

21
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Cyto/logy is
• Study of cells
• Cells of cervix examined to detect vaginal
  infections
• Yeast, Bacteria,Trichomonas
• Pap smear for
• Cancer cells

22
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Suffix plasia means development or formation
• Prefix dys- means bad
• Dysplasia mean
• Abnormal (bad) development of cervical cells
• Colposcopy is using a colposcope to magnify the
  mucosa of the vagina and cervix

23
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Cervical biopsy
• Endometrial biopsy
• Hysteroscopy
• Direct visualization of cervical canal and
  uterine cavity
• Excision of cervical polyps or biopsy

24
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Detecting masses
• Pelvis ultrasonography
• Computed tomography (CT scan)
• Radiologic examination of uterus and fallopian
  tubes
• Hystersalpingography
• Often done to look for obstruction of fallopian
  tube

25
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Examination of abdominal cavity with a
  laparoscope
• Can be done to view pelvic cavity
• Laparoscopy

26
Pathologies

• Menorrhagia
• Abnormally heavy or long menstrual period
• Metorrhagia
• Hemorrhage of the uterus

27
Pathologies

• Amenorrhea
• Absence of menstruation
• Dysmenorrhea
• Painful or difficult menstruation
• Mittelschmerz
• Abdominal pain in the region of the ovary during
  ovulation

28
Pathologies

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
• Nervous tension, irritability, edema, headache,
  and painful breasts that can occur the last few
  days before the onset of menstruation

29
Pathologies

• Cervicitis
• Inflammation of the cervix
• Possible Causes
• Chlamydia
• Yeast (Candida ablicans)
• Trichomonas vaginalis
• Gonorrhea

30
Pathologies

• Vaginitis
• Inflammation of vaginal tissues
• Possible causes
• Sexual intercourse
• Following childbirth
• After taking antibiotics
• Colpitis

31
Pathologies

• Vulvitis
• Inflammation of vulva
• Vulvovaginitis
• Inflammation of vulva and vagina

32
Pathologies

• Oophoritis
• Inflammation of an ovary
• Oophoralgia
• Ovarian pain
• Oophorosalpingitis
• Inflammation of an ovary and fallopian tube

33
Pathologies

• Anovulation
• Absence of ovulation
• Possible causes
• Altered ovarian function
• Side effects of medications
• Result of disease
• Stress

34
Pathologies

• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Anovulation
• Amenorrhea
• Infertility
• Caused by
• Increased levels of testosterone, estrogen, and
  lutenizing hormone and decreased secretion of FSH

35
Pathologies

• Ovarian Cancer
• Leading cause of death from reproductive cancers
• Difficult to diagnose
• Usually spread by the time it is found
• Sonography or CT scan to look for ovarian mass
• Often requires exploratory surgery

36
Pathologies

• Salpingocele
• Hernial protrusion of a fallopian tube
• Salpingitis
• Inflammation of a fallopian tube
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Outside the uterine cavity
• Tubal pregnancy
• Implanted in the fallopian tube

37
Pathologies

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
• Infection that involves the upper genital tract
  beyond the cervix
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
• Sudden high fever
• Headache
• Confusion
• Acute renal failure
• Abnormal liver function
• Caused by staphylococcus
• Most common among women who use tampons

38
Pathologies

• Uterine cancer
• Stage I uterus only
• Stage II cervix also involved
• Stage III spread beyond uterus but still within
  pelvic cavity
• Stage IV spread beyond the pelvis most often
  spreading to liver and/or lungs

39
Pathologies

• Hysteroptosis
• Uterine prolapse
• Uterine displacements
• Anteversion
• Retroversion
• Anteflexion
• Retroflexion

40
Pathologies

• Uterine leiomyoma
• Uterine fibroid (benign tumor)
• Cervical polyps
• Myometritis
• Inflammation of the myometrium
• Endometritis
• Inflammation of the endometrium

41
Pathologies

• Endometriosis
• Abnormal condition in which endometrium tissue is
  outside the uterus, usually within the pelvic
  cavity
• Vulvitis
• Inflammation of the vulva
• Leukorrhea
• Normal white discharge before and after the
  menstrual period

42
Pathologies

• Colpodynia
• Pain of the vagina
• Cystocele
• Protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the
  vagina
• Rectocele
• Rectum is displaced causing bulging of the
  posterior vaginal wall

43
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• An agent that prevents pregnancy
• Prefix contra- (against)
• Contraceptive
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
• Combination of estrogen and progesterone
• Transition symptoms
• High risk for osteoporosis, abnormal loss of bone
  density, and deterioration of bone tissue

44
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Treatments for infections of the vulva, vagina,
  or cervix
• Oral antibiotics
• Topical antibiotics
• Vaginal creams
• Vaginal suppositories

45
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Suturing of the vagina is
• Colporrhaphy
• Surgical repair of the vagina is
• Colpoplasty
• Surgical fixation of an ovary is
• Oophoropexy

46
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Oophoro/hyster/ectomy is
• Removal of ovaries and uterus
• Oophorectomy is
• Removal of the ovaries
• Oophorosalpingectomy is
• Removal of uterine tube and an ovary
• Salpingo-oophorectomy is
• Removal of uterine tube and an ovary
• Hyster/ectomy
• Removal of the uterus

47
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Hysterectomy with bilateral oophorosalpingectomy
• Removal of the uterus and both ovaries and both
  fallopian tubes
• Colpo/hyster/ectomy is
• Removal of uterus by way of the vagina
• Laparo/hyster/ectomy is
• Removal of uterus through a small opening in the
  abdominal wall

48
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Excision of uterine tube is
• Salpingectomy
• Tubal ligation
• Permanent sterilization
• Dilation and curettage (D C)
• Cervix dilated
• Scraping of endometrium

49
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Suffix therapy means
• Treatment
• Treatment for dysplasia
• Biopsy
• Cryo/therapy
• Cold treatment
• Cautery
• Irradiation

50
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Surgical fixation of a displaced uterus
• Hysteropexy
• Surgical fixation of uterine tube is
• Salpingopexy

51
Anatomy Physiology-Male

• Male reproductive system
• Produces, sustains and transport sperm
• Introduces sperm into female vagina
• Produces hormones
• Primary organ of male reproductive system is
• Male gonads testes

52
Anatomy Physiology-Male

• external genitalia
• scrotum
• testicles
• penis

53
Anatomy Physiology-Male

• internal genitalia
• vas deferens
• prostate gland
• urethra

54
Anatomy Physiology-Male

• sperm
• singular
• spermatozoon
• plural
• spermatozoa

55
Anatomy Physiology-Male

• urologist
• medical doctor specializing in treating diseases
  and disorders of urinary system of females,
  genitourinary system of males

56
Pathology Of Male Reproductive System

• balanitis - inflammation of glans penis
• impotence - erectile dysfunction - inability to
  achieve or maintain an erection
• phimosis - narrowing of foreskin

57
Pathology Of Male Reproductive System

• anorchism - absence of one or both testicles
• cryptorchidism - undescended testicles-one
  testicle fails to descend into scrotum
• epididymitis - inflammation of epididymitis

58
Pathology continued

• hydrocele - hernia in the testicles or tubes
• testitis - inflammation of one or both testes
• varicocele - varicose vein of testicle (may cause
  male infertility)
• azoospermia - absence of sperm in semen

59
Pathology continued

• oligospermia - low sperm count
• benign prostatic hypertrophy - BPH - enlarged
  prostate
• prostate cancer - most common cancer in males -
  slow or fast growth

60
Pathology continued

• prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland
• prostatorrhea - discharge of prostatic fluid
  through urethra
• prostatomegaly enlarged prostate

61
Diagnostic Procedures Of Male Reproductive System

• PSA - prostatic specific antigen - blood
  screening test to check for cancer of prostate
• sperm analysis - sperm count - semen is analyzed
  to determine sperm count, shape, size and
  motility
• TSE - testicular self-examination - monthly self
  exam to check for abnormalities

62
Treatment Procedures Of Male Reproductive System

• circumcision - surgical removal of foreskin
• orchidectomy - surgical removal of one or both
  testes
• varicocelectomy - removal of portion of enlarged
  vein to relieve varicocele

63
Treatment Procedures Of Male Reproductive System

• castration - bilateral orchidectomy - surgical
  removal of both testicles
• sterilization - procedure to make individual
  incapable of reproduction

64
Treatments continued

• vasectomy - portion of vas deferens is removed to
  prevent sperm in semen
• vasovasostomy - procedure to restore fertility
  after vasectomy

65
Treatments continued

• prostatectomy - surgical removal of all or part
  of prostate gland
• radical prostatectomy - surgical removal of
  entire prostate gland, seminal vesicles and some
  surrounding tissue

66
Treatments continued

• TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate -
  removal of all or part of prostate through the
  urethra
• radiation therapy - treatment to control prostate
  cancer
• hormone therapy - treatment to control prostate
  cancer

67
Medical Terminology

• Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

68
Reproduction

• Gonads
• Ovaries
• Testes
• Produce ova and sperm
• A gamete is a reproductive cell
• Ovum
• Spermatozoon

69
Reproduction

• Zygote
• The product of fertilization
• Suffix blast means
• Embryonic or early form
• Ooblast is
• Immature ovum

70
Reproduction

• Combining word form for amni(o) means
• Amnion
• Pertaining to amnion is
• Amniotic
• Combining word form chori(o)
• Chorion
• Pertaining to chorion is
• Chorionic

71
Reproduction

• Placenta
• Highly vascular structure that nourishes the
  fetus
• Oxygen, nutrients, and antibodies diffuse from
  the mother to fetal blood vessels
• Fetal wastes diffuse from the fetal blood into
  the maternal blood
• Placenta secretes progesterone to maintain the
  uterus during pregnancy

72
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Prefix pre- means before
• Combining word form nat(o) means birth
• Another name for pregnancy is
• Prenatal period or gestation
• A term that means childbirth is
• Parturition

73
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Average period of gestation is 266 days from the
  date of fertilization. (38 weeks)
• Expected date of delivery 280 days from the first
  day of the last menstrual period. (40 weeks)

74
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Suffix gravida refers to
• Pregnant female
• Prefix primi- means
• First
• Primi/gravida is
• Female during first pregnancy
• Gravida I

75
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Prefix multi- means many multi/gravida means
• Female pregnant more than once
• Combining word form par(o) or suffix
  para means
• Producing or bearing viable offspring
• Par/ous refers to
• Producing viable offspring

76
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Para I means or primi/para is
• Female produced one viable offspring
• Prefix quadri- means
• Four
• Prefix nulli- means
• None
• Nulli/para
• Produced no viable offspring

77
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Labor
• Process by which the child is expelled from the
  uterus
• Three stages of labor
• Cervical dilation
• Expulsion
• Placental and postpartum stage

78
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• 4th stage Postpartum
• Hour or two after delivery when uterine tone is
  established
• Cesarean delivery
• Surgical procedure in which the abdomen and
  uterus are incised and the baby is removed from
  the uterus

79
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Postpartum after birth
• Prefix ante- means before
• Ante/natal refers to
• Time before birth
• Prenatal also means the time before birth

80
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Postnatal means
• Time after birth
• Prefix neo- means new
• Neo/natal refers to
• First 28 days after birth
• Neonate is a
• Newborn child

81
Pregnancy and Childbirth

• Branch of medicine specializes in care of newborn
  is
• Neonatology
• Physician specializes in neonatology is
• Neonatologist

82
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Hormone that is tested for in pregnancy tests
• Pelvimetry
• Measurement of the pelvis used to estimate the
  size of the birth canal
• Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
• Babys head too large with birth canal too small
• Most likely a cesarean will need to be done

83
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Sonography (Ultrasound)
• Used to assess for structural abnormalities and
  monitor fetal development
• Amniocentesis
• Used to aid in the assessment of fetal growth and
  diagnosis of genetic defects or other
  abnormalities

84
Diagnostic Tests Procedures

• Chorionic villus sampling
• Used for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic
  defects
• Fetoscope
• Stethoscope for assessing fetal heart rate
• Electronic fetal monitor
• Used during labor to monitor the fetal heart and
  record the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine
  contractions

85
Pathologies

• Ectopic or extrauterine pregnancy
• Whenever a fertilized ovum implants anywhere
  other than the uterus (outside the usual place)
• Uterine tube
• Ovary
• Cervix
• Abdominal cavity
• Products of fertilization are removed surgically

86
Pathologies

• Suffix cyesis means pregnancy
• Prefix pseudo- means false
• False pregnancy is
• Pseudo/cyesis
• May be psychogenic or caused by a physical
  disorder

87
Pathologies

• Preeclampsia
• Acute high blood pressure
• Proteinuria (protein in the urine)
• Edema
• Eclampsia
• Seizures
• Coma

88
Pathologies

• Abruptio pregnancy
• Separation of the placenta from the uterine wall
  after 20 weeks
• Placenta previa
• Placenta is implanted abnormally in the uterus
• Stillbirth fetus died before or during delivery

89
Pathologies

• Dystocia
• Abnormal or difficult labor
• Down syndrome
• Extra chromosome (21)
• Moderate to severe mental retardation
• Additional genetic defects

90
Pathologies

• Hemolytic disease of the newborn
• Maternal-fetal blood group incompatibility
• Erythroblastosis fetalis
• Immature bed blood cell
• Baby born anemic

91
Pathologies

• Fetal presentation entering birth canal
• Cephalic (normal) head
• Breech buttocks
• Shoulder

92
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Amniotomy
• Deliberate rupture of the fetal membranes
• Oxytocin
• Used as a drug to induce or augment uterine
  contractions
• Episiotomy
• Surgical procedure in which an incision is made
  in the female perineum to enlarge her vaginal
  opening for delivery

93
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Combining word form lapar(o) means
• Abdominal wall
• Incision of the abdominal wall is
• Laparo/tomy
• Suturing of the abdominal wall is
• Laparorrhaphy

94
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Contraception
• Against conception
• Birth control
• Oral
• Implants
• Patches
• Injectable
• Intrauterine device (IUD)

95
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Spermicide
• Chemical substance that kills sperm
• Permanent sterilization of a female is
• Tubal ligation
• Permanent sterilization of a male is
• Vas/ectomy
• vasovasostomy - procedure to restore fertility
  after vasectomy

96
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus)
• Conception is not possible after surgery
• Infertility
• Condition of not being able to produce offspring
• In vitro fertilization (IVF)
• Fertilization of the ova takes place outside of
  the body

97
Surgical Therapeutic Interventions

• Abortion
• Termination of a pregnancy before the fetus is
  capable of surviving outside of the uterus
• Spontaneous miscarriage
• Deliberate

98
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Caused by infectious organisms passed form one
  person to another through
• Anal
• Oral
• Vaginal intercourse

99
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Venereal disease (STDs) named for
• Venus goddess of love
• Causes of STDs are
• Viruses
• Bacteria
• Protozoa
• Fungi
• Parasites

100
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Gonorrhea
• Caused by gonococcus bacteria (gram negative
  intracellular diplococci
• Heavy urethral discharge in males
• Females may be asymptomatic
• Treated with penicillin

101
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Syphilis caused by a spirochete
• Characterized by
• Lymphadenopathy
• Chancre
• Congenital syphilis

102
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Chlamydia infection
• symptom is
• Dys/uria
• Difficult (painful urination)
• Complication PID
• Herpes genitals
• Viral infection characteristic
• Genital blisters and ulceration

103
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Genital herpes during pregnancy can cause
• Spontaneous abortion
• Stillbirth
• Congenital birth defects
• Prevented by cesarean section

104
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Condyloma acuminatum is commonly called
• Genital warts
• At risk for cervical cancer
• HIV virus causes
• AIDS
• Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C

105
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

• Trichomoniasis is caused by a
• Protozoan
• Candidiasis is an
• Fungal infection
• Vulvovaginitis
• Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
• Pubic lice

106
End of male/female reproductive and sexually
transmitted diseases

• Class Exercises

107
Meaning of Word Parts

• Ante-before
• colp(o)-vagina
• metr(o)-uterine tissue or measure
• cervic(o)-cervix, uteri or neck
• -cyesis-pregnancy

108
Meaning of Word Parts

• Pre-before
• Ecto-situated outside
• -para-female who has given birth
• hyster(o)-uterus
• extra-outside

109
Meaning of Word Parts

• Lapar(o)-abdominal wall
• genit(o)-organs of reproduction
• men(o)-month
• gon(o)-genitals or reproduction

110
Meaning of Word Parts

• Multi-many
• primi-first
• Neo-new
• Post-after or behind
• nulli-none

111
What is the Combining Form?

• Sperm
• spermat(o)
• egg
• o(o)
• ovary
• oophor(o)
• hidden
• crypt(o)

112
What is the Combining Form?

• birth
• nat(o)
• chorion
• chori(o)
• uterine tube
• salping(o)

113
Male - Female - Both

• Laparohysteropexy
• female
• anorchism
• male
• endometrium
• female
• epididymitis
• male
• hysterosalpingogram
• female

114
Male - Female - Both

• Metrorrhagia
• female
• vas deferens
• male
• uterine leiomyoma
• female
• toxic shock syndrome
• female
• orchidectomy
• male

115
What does it mean?

• Formation of an opening into a uterine tube
• salpingostomy
• outside of the uterus
• extrauterine
• occurring after birth
• postnatal
• surgical fixation of an ovary
• oophoropexy

116
What does it mean?

• Inflammation of the prostate
• prostatitis
• pertaining to the testes
• testicular
• inflammation of the uterine lining
• endometritis
• uterine prolapse
• hystoptosis
• suture of the ductus deferens
• vasorrhaphy

117
Spelling

• Prostratitis
• prostatitis
• menorhagia
• menorrhagia
• vulvektomy
• vulvectomy
• histerctomy
• hysterectomy
• varicosele
• varicocele

118
Spelling

• Epididimitis
• epididymitis
• laporoscopy
• laparoscopy
• trichamoniasis
• trichomoniasis
• urojenital
• urogenital

119
What does it Mean?

• Ovary
• female gland
• Amniocentesis
• surgical puncture of the thin membrane that
  covers the fetus
• Myometritis
• inflammation of the muscular substance/layer of
  the uterus

120
What does it Mean?

• Fetus
• 3 month old developing organism
• Circumcision
• surgical removal of the prepuce
• Prostatectomy
• excision of all or part of the prostate gland
• Aspermatogenesis
• absence of sperm production

121
What does it Mean?

• Cryptorchidism or cryptorchism
• undescended testicle
• Anorchism
• congenital absence of testes unilateral or
  bilateral, a synonym for anorchidism
• Dilatation and Curettage
• dilatation of the cervical opening and scraping
  of the uterine wall

122
What does it Mean?

• Laparoscopy
• examination of the interior of the abdomen with
  laparoscope, another term for pelvic
  peritoneoscopy
• Oophoropathy
• any disease of the ovary
• Salpingectomy
• excision of an uterine tube
• Hysteropexy
• surgical fixation of the uterus

123
What does it Mean?

• Oophoroma
• ovarian tumor
• Salpingoplasty
• surgical repair of an uterine tube
• Hysteromalacia
• abnormal softening of the uterus
• Colpoplasty
• surgical repair of the vagina
• Orchiepididymitis
• inflammation of testicle and epididymis

124
What is the Combining Form?

• Uterine tube
• salping(o)
• Chorion
• chori(o)
• Birth
• nat(o)
• Hidden
• crypt(o)

125
What is the Combining Form?

• Semen
• semin(o)
• Ovary
• oophor(o)
• Egg
• o(o)
• Sperm
• spermat(o)

126
What does it mean?

• Ante-
• before
• Extra-
• outside
• Hyster(o)
• uterus
• -para
• female who has given birth

127
What does it mean?

• Ecto-
• situated outside
• Pre-
• before
• -cyesis
• pregnancy
• Cervic(o)
• cervix, uteri, or neck

128
What does it mean?

• Metr(o)
• uterine tissue or measure
• Colp(o)
• vagina
• Laparohysterectomy
• removal of the uterus
• Laparotomy
• incision of the abdominal wall

129
What does it mean?

• Abortion
• termination of pregnancy before fetus is capable
  of survival outside the uterus
• Human chorionic gonadotropin
• a hormone that is present in body fluids of
  pregnant females and forms the basis of most
  pregnancy tests

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What does it mean?

• Neonatologist
• a physician who specializes in conditions of
  newborns
• Postnatal
• the time after birth
• Ectopic
• outside the usual place
• Salpingocyesis
• tubal pregnancy