Creating%20Television%20News

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Creating Television News
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Creating Television News

• Before the new Millenium, most people got their
  news from TV, radio and newspapers.
• Today, about half of the general population gets
  their news from the Internet.
• From 2007 to 2008, this number jumped 10!

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Blogs

• Blogs -- short for web logs -- are viewed
  by about 30 of Internet users and all major news
  organizations. The writers of blogs use their web
  sites to post news they uncover, photos and
  videos, personal reactions to events, rumors, and
  even their own personal diaries.

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Blogs

• The more valued blogs are often the source of
  leads that the mainstream media develop into
  major stories.
• Here is a list of the major blogs used today
• Major Blogs and News Sources
• TV News also frequently source both Youtube and
  Myspace in news stories!

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Blogs

• This means that today, anyone can be a
  journalist.. Good or Bad!
• We want you to be good, responsible journalists
  and report news in a fair, impartial manner!

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ENG and EFP

• ENG (electronic newsgathering) is a part of EFP
  (electronic field production)
• Electronic Field Production (EFP) includes many
  other types of field productions, including
  commercials, music videos, on-location dramatic
  productions, and various types of sports
  coverage.
• EFP work generally provides the opportunity to
  insure maximum audio and video quality.

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ENG and EFP

• In ENG work the primary goal is to get the story.
• In 90 of news work there will be time to insure
  audio and video quality, which is what the news
  director and producer will expect.

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The Influence of Broadcast News

• We can see just how important broadcast news are
  to governments simply by looking at their
  attempts to control it.
• Whenever a country experiences a coup or
  takeover, the media is the first thing that is
  controlled.
• Oppressive governments, like Cuba or China
  control the media and their messages.
• This is called PROPAGANDA
• TV anchor Edward R. Murrow, became a journalism
  legend by using the medium to bring down an
  overzealous Senator Joseph McCarthy who was
  spreading fear of Communism to Americans
• Youtube Video

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Censorship

• Although censorship is often justified as a way
  of protecting values or ideals, history has
  repeatedly shown that censorship leads to a
  suppression of ideas and often to
  political, military or religious control.
• Even with its First Amendment to the Constitution
  guaranteeing free speech, the United States has a
  long history of censorship attempts.

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The Reporters Responsibility

• The FCC expects networks and stations to present
  opposing views - especially if they represent
  major factions. Not to do so can spark legal
  action and station license challenges.
• Biased" is a word that you don't want to hear
  about your work (especially if you plan to
  broaden your employment opportunities), you don't
  want to promote your own view on an issue and not
  seek opposing views.

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The Reporters Responsibility

• Part of your responsibility as a newsperson is to
  bring out the various sides of an issue.
• This means you allow each side to state their
  views as strongly and convincing as they can.
• Not only is it the professional thing to do, but
  it will also add interest and controversy to your
  news stories.

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The Reporters Responsibility

• Again, here are the
• Basic Dos and Donts For Interviewing

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Who Does What in TV News

• The news producer is the person who is directly
  in charge of the newscast.
• He or she makes the major minute-by-minute
  decisions on both the technical and content
  aspects of the newscast.
• Larger stations have segment producers in charge
  of specific stories or newscast segments.
• Some stations will have an executive producer who
  is over the producer(s).

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Who Does What in TV News

• The news director is the top person in the News
  Department. This person controls the budget,
  hires and fires personnel, and has ultimate
  responsibility for the station's news.

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Who Does What in TV News

• Much further down the chain of responsibility is
  the on-air director for the newscast. This
  person's responsibility is to take the plans of
  the producer and "call the shots" in the on-air
  phase of the broadcast.

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Who Does What in TV News

• As the title suggests, the ENG coordinator starts
  with the story assignments made by the assignment
  editor and works with reporters, ENG crews,
  editors, technicians, and the producer to see
  that the stories make it to "air."
• ENG coordinators must not only thoroughly know
  their studio and location equipment, but also
  understand news.

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The Reporters Checklist

• Broadcast news is a highly competitive business
  and in the rush to get a story on the air it's
  sometimes tempting to guess at facts or use
  information from a questionable source.
• However, errors in stories not only damage a
  station's credibility but they can derail a
  reporter's professional future. Here are five
  points to keep in mind when writing news stories.

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The Reporters Checklist

• Question those who claim to be a witness to an
  event and confirm that they really were in a
  position to see what happened.
• Use a second source to double-check information
  that seems surprising or may be in doubt.

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The Reporters Checklist

1. Double-check all names, titles, and places, and,
   when necessary, write out the pronunciation of
   names phonetically.
2. When writing the story, carefully check spelling
   and grammar do the math on numbers.

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The Reporters Checklist

1. Make sure that sound bites selected during
   editing accurately reflect what the person meant.

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The Producers Checklist

• Once reporters turn in their stories and a news
  producer or director takes over, many decisions
  must still be made before the stories are ready
  for broadcast.
• Among other things, the stories must be reviewed
  for balance, lead-ins (story introductions) must
  be written, and appropriate graphics must be
  prepared to support the stories.
• Here are five points that should be considered
  before the newscast goes on the air.

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The Producers Checklist

1. Review stories for a balance in views, gaps, and
   missing information.
2. Double-check phone numbers by calling them
   double-check web addresses by visiting the sites.
   (People are known to get very upset if their
   telephone number is erroneously given out and
   they have noting to do with the issue.)

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The Producers Checklist

1. Check graphics for accuracy.
2. Make sure the lead-ins to stories and related
   news promos accurately reflect the content and
   nature of the stories.
3. Step back and view the overall newscast and make
   sure that the most important stories of the day
   have been covered and that they accurately
   reflect the most current information and
   developments.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Timeliness
• News is what's new. An afternoon raid on a rock
  cocaine house may warrant a live ENG report
  during the 6 p.m. news. However, tomorrow, unless
  there are major new developments, the same story
  will probably not be important enough to mention.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Proximity
• If 15 people are killed in your hometown, your
  local TV station will undoubtedly consider it
  news. But if 15 people are killed in Manzanillo,
  Montserrat, Moyobambaor, or some other distant
  place you've never heard of, it will probably
  pass without notice. But there are exceptions.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Exceptional quality
• One exception centers on how the people died. If
  the people in Manzanillo were killed because of
  a bus or car accident, this would not be nearly
  as newsworthy as if they died from an earthquake
  or stings from "killer bees," feared insects that
  have now invaded the United States.
• Exceptional quality refers to how uncommon an
  event is. A man getting a job as a music
  conductor is not newsunless that man is blind.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Possible future impact
• The killer bee example illustrates another news
  element possible future impact. The fact that
  the killer bees are now in the United States and
  may eventually be a threat to people watching the
  news makes the story much more newsworthy.
• A mundane burglary of an office in the Watergate
  Hotel in Washington, DC, was hardly news until
  two reporters named Woodward and Bernstein saw
  the implications and the possible future impact.
  Eventually, the story behind this seemingly
  common burglary brought down a U.S. President.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Prominence
• The 15 deaths in Manzanillo might also go by
  unnoticed by the local media unless someone
  prominent was on the buspossibly a movie star or
  a well-known politician. If a U.S. Supreme Court
  Justice gets married, it's news if John Smith,
  your next-door neighbor, gets married, it
  probably isn't.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Conflict
• Conflict in its many forms has long held the
  interest of observers. The conflict may be
  physical or emotional. It can be open, overt
  conflict, such as a civil uprising against police
  authority, or it may be ideological conflict
  between political candidates.
• The conflict could be as simple as a person
  standing on his principles and spending a year
  fighting city hall over a parking citation. In
  addition to "people against people" conflict,
  there can be conflict with wild animals, nature,
  the environment, or even the frontier of space.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• The number of people involved or affected
• The more people involved in a news event, be it a
  demonstration or a tragic accident, the more
  newsworthy the story is. Likewise, the number of
  people affected by the event, whether it's a new
  health threat or a new tax ruling, the more
  newsworthy the story is.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Consequence
• The fact that a car hit a utility pole isn't
  news, unless, as a consequence, power is lost
  throughout a city for several hours. The fact
  that a computer virus found its way into a
  computer system might not be news until it
  bankrupts a business, shuts down a telephone
  system, or endangers lives by destroying crucial
  medical data at a hospital.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Human interest
• Human-interest stories are generally soft news.
  Examples would be a baby beauty contest, a person
  whose pet happens to be a nine-foot boa
  constrictor, or a man who makes a cart so that
  his two-legged dog can move around again.
• On a slow news day even a story of fire fighters
  getting a cat out of a tree might make a suitable
  story. Human-interest angles can be found in most
  hard news stories. A flood will undoubtedly have
  many human-interest angles a lost child reunited
  with its parents after two days, a boy who lost
  his dog, or families returning to their
  mud-filled homes.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Pathos
• The fact that people like to hear about the
  misfortunes of others can't be denied. Seeing or
  hearing about such things commonly elicits
  feelings of pity, sorrow, sympathy, and
  compassion. Some call these stories "tear
  jerkers."
• Examples are the elderly woman who just lost her
  life savings to a con artist, or the blind man
  whose seeing-eye dog was poisoned.
• This category isn't just limited to people. How
  about horses that were found neglected and
  starving, or the dog that sits at the curb
  expectantly waiting for its master to return from
  work each day, even though the man was killed in
  an accident weeks ago.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Shock value
• An explosion in a factory has less shock value if
  it was caused by gas leak than if it was caused
  by a terrorist. The story of a six year-old boy
  who shot his mother with a revolver found in a
  bedside drawer has more shock (and therefore
  news) value than if same woman died of a heart
  attack.
• Both shock value and the titillation factor are
  well known to the tabloid press. The lure of
  these two factors is also related to some stories
  getting inordinate attention, such as the sordid
  details of a politician's or evangelist's
  affairwhich brings us to the final point.

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12 Factors of Newsworthiness

• Titillation component
• This factor primarily involves sex and is
  commonly featuredsome would say exploitedduring
  rating periods.
• This category includes everything from the new
  fashions in women's swim wear to an in-depth
  series on legal prostitution in the state of
  Nevada.