Development of Western Philosophy of Education

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Development of Western Philosophy of Education

• Your topic today is

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Traditional Western Philosophy Of Education

• Essentialism
• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Essentialism is a back to basics, teacher
  centered philosophy.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• The core of the curriculum is essential knowledge
  and skills and academic rigor.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Schooling should be practical, preparing students
  to become valuable members of society

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Essentialists believe that there is a common core
  of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to
  students in a systematic, disciplined way.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• The emphasis in this conservative perspective is
  on intellectual and moral standards that schools
  should teach.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• It should focus on facts-the objective reality
  out there--and "the basics," training students to
  read, write, speak, and compute clearly and
  logically.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Essentialism is a traditional back to basics
  philosophy that focuses on a core curriculum of
  some set subjects similar to Reading, Writing,
  Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Math,
  Science, Art, and Music.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• The teacher leads the class and transfers her
  knowledge and skills of a subject directly to her
  students. 

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

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• The teacher expects respect and commands
  authority in the classroom

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Essentialists aim to instill students with the
  "essentials" of academic knowledge, patriotism,
  and character development.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• This traditional approach is meant to train the
  mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a common
  culture.

• Essentialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• For Perennialists, the aim of education is to
  ensure that students acquire understandings about
  the great ideas of Western civilization.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• The focus is to teach ideas that are everlasting,
  to seek enduring truths which are constant, not
  changing, as the natural and human worlds at
  their most essential level, do not change.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Therefore, one should teach principles, not
  facts.
• Since people are human, one should teach first
  about humans, not machines or techniques.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Since people are people first, and workers second
  if at all, one should teach liberal topics first,
  not vocational topics.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Humans are rational beings, and their minds need
  to be developed.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Thus, cultivation of the intellect is the highest
  priority in a worthwhile education.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• The demanding curriculum focuses on attaining
  cultural literacy, stressing students' growth in
  enduring disciplines.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• A particular strategy with modern perennialists
  is to teach scientific reasoning, not facts.

• Perennialism

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Traditional western philosophy of education

• Essentialism

• Perennialism

1. Focuses on essential skills.
2. Curricula thus tend to be much more vocational
   and fact-based.
3. Less liberal and principle-based.
4. Teacher-centered.

1. Focuses on personal development.
2. Teacher-centered.

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Tutorial Applying Educational Philosophies

• Look for resources from various sources, compare
  and contrast between branches in Western
  Philosophy of Education.

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Tutorial Applying Educational Philosophies
Philosophy (Proponents/ dates) Aim of Education Key Points Teaching Strategies Teacher Role
Perennialism

Essentialism

Islamic

Confuciusm
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