PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA

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PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN MANUSIA

• Eko Handayani, M.Psi

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Metode dalam Penelitian Psikologi Perkembangan

• Dua metoda dalam riset tentang perkembangan
  manusia
• Riset kuantitatif
• Riset kualitatif
• Riset kualitatif mengalami peningkatan dalam
  penelitian perkembangan (Parke, 2004 dalam
  Papalia, Olds, Feldman, 2007)

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Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Psikologi
Perkembangan

• Self-report diaries, interviews, questionnaires
• Naturalistic and laboratory observation
• Behavioral and performance measures

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Disain Penelitian Dasar dalam Penelitian
Psikologi Perkembangan

• Studi kasus
• Studi etnografis
• Studi korelasional
• Eksperimen

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Disain Penelitian dalam Penelitian Psikologi
Perkembangan

• Longitudinal studies
• Meneliti orang atau kelompok yang sama lebih dari
  satu kali, kadang-kadang selama bertahun-tahun
• Menyatakan bagaimana orang berubah atau tetap
  sama sejalan dengan pertambahan usia
• Mengukur karakteristik tunggal
• Cross-sectional studies
• Orang-orang yang berbeda usia
• dinilai dalam satu waktu
• Menunjukkan kemiripan dan
• perbedaan antarkelompok usia

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TOKOH DAN TEORIPSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN
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TEORI PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN

• Psychoanalytic ? Freud psychosexual theory
  Eriksons psychosocial theory
• Cognitive ? Piagets cognitive stage theory
• Information
  processing theory
• Contextual ? Vygotskys sociocultural theory,

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PSIKOANALISADevelopment of Personality
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PSIKOSOSIAL
Humans have the potential to solve their own
conflicts and anxieties as they develop
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PSIKOSOSIALPsychosocial Stages
Each stage consists of a unique developmental
task that confronts the individual with a crisis
that must be faced
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTStages of Cognitive
Development
11 15 tahun
Formal Operational stage
7 11 tahun
Concrete Operational stage
2 7 tahun
Preoperational stage
0 2 tahun
Sensorimotor stage
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CONTEXTUALISTMain Concept
Learning is cognitive development through
social interaction
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SOCIAL LEARNING THEORYMain Concept
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BEHAVIORISMMain Concept
Operant Conditioning
Punishment
Reinforcement
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MORAL DEVELOPMENTMain Concept
Heinz Steals the Drug In Europe, a woman was near
death from a special kind of cancer. There was
one drug that the doctors thought might save her.
It was a form of radium that a druggist in the
same town had recently discovered. The drug was
expensive to make, but the druggist was charging
ten times what the drug cost him to make. He paid
200 for the radium and charged 2,000 for a
small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband,
Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the
money, but he could only get together about
1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the
druggist that his wife was dying and asked him to
sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the
druggist said "No, I discovered the drug and I'm
going to make money from it." So Heinz got
desperate and broke into the man's store to steal
the drug-for his wife. Should the husband have
done that? (Kohlberg, 1963, p. 19)
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MORAL DEVELOPMENTMoral Stages
PRE CONVENTIONAL
I. OBEDIENCE AND PUNISHMENT
II. INDIVIDUALISM, INSTRUMENTALISM EXCHANGE
CONVENTIONAL
III. GOOD BOY / GIRL
IV. LAW ORDER
POST CONVENTIONAL
V. SOCIAL CONTRACT
VI. PRINCIPLED CONSCIENCE
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