Integrated nutrient management in mango

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango

Introduction

Micronutrients are equally important as macro
nutrients for proper growth of mango tree.
The requirement of micronutrients are only traces
which is partly met from the soils or through
chemical fertilizers or through some other
sources.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency of
micronutrients. If these are corrected at proper
time, it definitely boosts up the economic yield
of the tree.
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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Hence, it is important to have proper
knowledge to identifying deficiency/toxicity
symptoms of these micronutrients for timely
correction.

3
Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of copper

• It is a component of plaxtocyanin which plays a
  role in protein and carbohydrates synthesis.
• Cu is essential in several plant enzyme systems
  involved in photosynthesis.
• Cu is part of the chloroplast protein
  plastocyanin, which forms part of the electron
  transport chain.
• Cu may have a role in the synthesis and/or
  stability of chlorophyll and other plant
  pigments.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of iron

• Constituent of cytochrome for respiration. It
  brings about chlorophyll formation and electron
  transport.
• Fe is essential in the heme enzyme system in
  plant metabolism (photosynthesis and
  respiration). The enzymes involved include
  catalase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and
  other cytochromes.
• Fe is part of protein ferredoxin and is required
  in nitrate and sulfate reductions.
• Fe is essential in the synthesis and maintenance
  of chlorophyll in plants and strongly associated
  with protein metabolism.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of Manganese

• Activator of enzymes in photosynthesis. Essential
  for chlorophyll formation.
• Mn is involved in the oxidation-reduction process
  in photosynthesis.

Role of Zinc

• Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role
  in protein synthesis. Essential for auxin
  synthesis.
• Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan,
  which in turn is necessary for the formation of
  indole acetic acid in plants.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Role of boron

• It helps in cell division and cell
  differentiation.

Role of Molybdenum

• Activator of enzymes in respiration. It has role
  in protein synthesis. Essential for auxin
  synthesis.
• Zn is required in the synthesis of tryptophan,
  which in turn is necessary for the formation of
  indole acetic acid in plants.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of copper

• Copper deficiency are seen frequently in young
  plants getting large amounts of N, or in the
  young shoots of adult plants.
• Copper deficiency in mango orchards caused long,
  tender and Sshaped branches and leaves with
  downward curls, both on the lamina and the
  central vein.
• On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like
  eruptions on the bark that, at times, weeps sap.
• Progressive terminal branch death may occur under
  where new shoots were curved or S-shaped in the
  previous year

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of iron

• Iron deficiency is manifested by typical
  chlorosis in new leaves, which have a mesh of
  green veins contrasting with the yellow of the
  lamina.
• Severely affected leaves may be pale yellow, with
  little or no green in the veins.
• Young leaves are always affected first.
• In situations of acute deficiency branches and
  twigs may die.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Causes of iron deficiency

• Iron deficiency is associated with soils derived
  from calcareous material or acidic soils with
  very high levels of manganese (Mn).
• Sometimes excessive amounts of Mn in poorly
  drained soils can induce Fe deficiency in plants.
  
• Associated with an excess of Mn applying large
  amounts of P fertilizer may also induce Fe
  deficiency in mango.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron

• Boron deficiency first occur in the youngest
  parts of the plant, while its toxicity is seen at
  the extremities of the oldest leaves.
• Boron deficiency causes death of the apical bud,
  which results in an excessive number of lateral
  buds that develop tuft-shaped secondary branches.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of boron

• The floral panicles are smaller and have fewer
  hermaphroditic flowers.
• Boron deficiency caused physiological disorder
  known as internal necrosis and symptoms starts
  from browning of seed and measocarp tissues.

Internal necrosis
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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese

• Manganese deficiency causes reduced growth,
  similar to deficiencies of P and Mg.
• New leaves have a yellowish green lamina, with a
  noticeable green mesh between the veins, which
  are thicker than those associated with Fe
  deficiency.
• The first symptoms appear on new leaves, which
  have a yellowish green background.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of manganese

• In severe deficiency, the new leaves become
  chlorotic, with necrosis along the extremities of
  the lamina.
• Due to manganese deficiency mottling of leaves
  followed by complete yellowing with dark brown
  pin head like spot scattered all over the
  laminae.
• Liming and the application of large amounts of P
  decrease the availability of manganese in the
  soil.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Deficiency symptoms of Zinc

• Zinc deficiency markedly reduced the leaf size
  and inhibited plant growth appreciably.
• Zinc deficiency found to be the cause of severe
  malformation in mature mango trees.

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Role and deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in
Mango
Let Us Sum Up
Micronutrients are nutrients required by plants
throughout life in small quantities to
orchestrate a whole range of physiological
functions.
Mango trees suffer widely by the deficiency of
micronutrients. If these are corrected at proper
time, it definitely boosts up the economic yield
of the tree.
On the branches, Cu deficiency causes boil-like
eruptions on the bark that, at times, weeps sap,
however, boron deficiency caused physiological
disorder known as internal necrosis and symptoms
starts from browning of seed and measocarp
tissues.
Therefore, it is important to have knowledge of
symptoms of micronutrients.