ME33:%20Fluid%20Flow%20Information%20and%20Introduction

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ME33 Fluid FlowInformation and Introduction

• Eric G. Paterson
• Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
• The Pennsylvania State University
• Spring 2005

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Note to Instructors

• These slides were developed1 during the spring
  semester 2005, as a teaching aid for the
  undergraduate Fluid Mechanics course (ME33
  Fluid Flow) in the Department of Mechanical and
  Nuclear Engineering at Penn State University.
  This course had two sections, one taught by
  myself and one taught by Prof. John Cimbala.
  While we gave common homework and exams, we
  independently developed lecture notes. This was
  also the first semester that Fluid Mechanics
  Fundamentals and Applications was used at PSU.
  My section had 93 students and was held in a
  classroom with a computer, projector, and
  blackboard. While slides have been developed
  for each chapter of Fluid Mechanics
  Fundamentals and Applications, I used a
  combination of blackboard and electronic
  presentation. In the student evaluations of my
  course, there were both positive and negative
  comments on the use of electronic presentation.
  Therefore, these slides should only be integrated
  into your lectures with careful consideration of
  your teaching style and course objectives.
• Eric Paterson
• Penn State, University Park
• August 2005

1 These slides were originally prepared using the
LaTeX typesetting system (http//www.tug.org/)
and the beamer class (http//latex-beamer.sourcef
orge.net/), but were translated to PowerPoint for
wider dissemination by McGraw-Hill.
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Time and Location

• ME 033, Fluid Flow, Section 1
• Time 1220 - 110, MWF
• Location 220 Hammond

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Instructor and TA

• Eric Paterson
• Assoc. Prof. of Mechanical Engineering
• Dept Head and Senior Research Assoc., Applied
  Research Lab
• Ph.D., The University of Iowa, Iowa Institute of
  Hydraulic Research
• Research Interests
• Naval Hydrodynamics turbulence simulation,
  cavitation, flow control,
  vehicle maneuvering, hydroacoustics
• Biological Fluid Dynamics cardiovascular flows,
  artificial organs, bio-mimetics
• Shankar Narayanan
• Graduate student in Mechanical Engineering
• Home country India
• Research interest Computational Fluid Dynamics

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Textbook

• Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications
• Yunus Cengal (UNV Reno) and John Cimbala (Penn
  State)
• ISBN 0072472367
• Published Jan. 2005
• Includes DVD with movies created at PSU by Prof.
  Gary Settles
• Available at
• PSU Bookstore, 135.00
• Amazon.com, 132.50

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ANGEL

• All class material and announcements will be
  posted on ANGEL (www.angel.psu.edu), Penn States
  Course Management System
• Syllabus
• Class policies
• Schedule/Calendar
• Lecture notes
• Message boards
• Homework assignments
• Grades

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Grading and Academic Integrity Policies

• All exams and homework assignments are
  comprehensive
• Homework 35
• Mid-Term 30
• Final 35
• College of Engineering's Academic Integrity
  website explains what behaviors are in violation
  of academic integrity, and the review process for
  such violations
• Specifically for this course
• First offense zero score for the item in
  question
• Second offense failure of the course

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Homework

• Philosophy
• One of the best ways to learn something is
  through practice and repetition
• Therefore, homework assignments are extremely
  important in this class!
• Homework sets will be carefully designed,
  challenging, and comprehensive. If you study and
  understand the homework, you should not have to
  struggle with the exams

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Homework

• Policy
• Homework is due on Friday at the beginning of
  class.
• Homework turned in late will receive partial
  credit according to the following rules
• 10 off if turned in after class, but before 500
  on the due date
• 25 off if turned in after 500 on the due date,
  but by 500 the next school day
• 50 off if turned in after 500 the next school
  day, but within one week
• No credit if turned in after one week
• Exceptions will be made under extreme
  circumstances.
• Solutions will be made available within a week
  after the due date
• To ease grading, homework submissions MUST follow
  specified format (see ANGEL)

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Homework

• Policy, continued
• Students are allowed (and encouraged) to work in
  groups of two or three on the homework
  assignments, provided that each person in the
  group is contributing to each solution. If
  students choose to work in a group, only one
  completed assignment needs to be turned in per
  group. Please make sure that each student's name
  is indicated clearly on the cover page of the
  homework assignment. All students in a group will
  receive the same grade for that assignment
• Only a subset of assigned problems will be
  thoroughly graded. The remaining problems will
  only be checked for correct answers

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Motivation for Studying Fluid Mechanics

• Fluid Mechanics is omnipresent
• Aerodynamics
• Bioengineering and biological systems
• Combustion
• Energy generation
• Geology
• Hydraulics and Hydrology
• Hydrodynamics
• Meteorology
• Ocean and Coastal Engineering
• Water Resources
• numerous other examples
• Fluid Mechanics is beautiful

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Aerodynamics
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Bioengineering
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Energy generation
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Geology
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River Hydraulics
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Hydraulic Structures
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Hydrodynamics
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Meteorology
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Water Resources
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Fluid Mechanics is Beautiful
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Tsunamis

• Tsunami Japanese for Harbour Wave
• Created by earthquakes, land slides, volcanoes,
  asteroids/meteors
• Pose infrequent but high risk for coastal regions.

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Tsunamis role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?

• Most cultures have deep at their core a flood
  myth in which the great bulk of humanity is
  destroyed and a few are left to repopulate
  and repurify the human race. In most of these
  stories, God is meting out retribution, punishing
  those who have strayed from his path
• Were these local floods due to a tsunami
  instead of global events?

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Tsunamis role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?

• Scientists now widely accept that the worldwide
  sequence of mass extinctions at the Cretaceous
  Tertiary (K/T) boundary 65 million years ago was
  directly caused by the collision of an asteroid
  or comet with Earth. Evidence for this includes
  the large (200-km diameter) buried impact
  structure at Chicxulub in Mexico's Yucatan
  Peninsula, the worldwide iridium-enriched layer
  at the K/T boundary, and the tsunamic deposits
  well inland in North America, all dated to the
  same epoch as the extinction event.

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Tsunamis role in religion, evolution, and
apocalyptic events?

• La Palma Mega-Tsunami geologic time bomb?
  Cumbre Vieja volcano erupts and causes western
  half of La Palma island to collapse into the
  Atlantic and send a 1500 ft. tsunami crashing
  into Eastern coast of U.S.

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Methods for Solving Fluid Dynamics Problems

• Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) Mathematical
  analysis of governing equations, including exact
  and approximate solutions. This is the primary
  focus of ME33
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Numerical
  solution of the governing equations
• Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD) Observation and
  data acquisition.

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Analytical Fluid Dynamics

• How fast do tsunamis travel in the deep ocean?
• Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
• Linearized wave equation for inviscid,
  irrotational flow
• Shallow-water approximation, l/h gtgt 1
• For g 32.2 ft/s2 and h10000 ft, c567 ft/s
  387 miles/hr

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Computational Fluid Dynamics

• In comparison to analytical methods, which are
  good for providing solutions for simple
  geometries or behavior for limiting conditions
  (such as linearized shallow water waves), CFD
  provides a tool for solving problems with
  nonlinear physics and complex geometry.

Animation by Vasily V. Titov, Tsunami Inundation
Mapping Efforts, NOAA/PMEL
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Experimental Fluid Dynamics

• Oregon State University Wave Research Laboratory
• Model-scale experimental facilities
• Tsunami Wave Basin
• Large Wave Flume
• Dimensional analysis (Chapter 7 of CC) is very
  important in designing a model experiment which
  represents physics of actual problem

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Experimental Fluid Dynamics

• Experiments are sometimes conducted in the field
  or at full scale
• For tsunamis, data acquisition is used for
  warning
• DART Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of
  Tsunamis
• Primary sensor Bourdon tube for measuring
  hydrostatic pressure