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Volleyball%20Officiating:

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Title: Volleyball%20Officiating:


1
Volleyball Officiating
  • The 3 Cs
  • Clinician Jim Beyer
  • Middle Tennessee
  • Volleyball Officials Association
  • August 14, 2008

2
INTRODUCTION
  • Who am I?

  • Why am I here?
  • Who are you?

  • Why are you here?

3
Make the Commitment to Become the Best Volleyball
Official You Can Be
  • Obtaining a license to officiate and renewing it
    each year is not enough. Coaches and players are
    entitled to quality officiating which comes, in
    part, from
  • studying the rules and applying them properly
  • learning new techniques
  • mastering points of emphasis
  • receiving feedback
  • setting goals
  • engaging in a self-critique process to turn
    weaknesses into strengths
  • establishing a mentor-mentee relationship.

4
QUESTIONS? www.vbofficiating.com
Lets Begin
5
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball
  • 1. COMMUNICATION
  • 2. CONSISTENCY
  • 3. CONTROL

6
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball COMMUNICATION
  • Approach
  • Success of any relationship depends upon
    effective communication.
  • It is usually better to be proactive rather than
    reactive.
  • Create a professional climate through
  • Awareness of self. How am I doing? How am I
    being received and perceived?
  • Respect for self and others.
  • Being a good listener open to give-and-take
    exchanges.

7
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball With whom do
you communicate?
  • Your Partner
  • Assistant Officials/Support Staff
  • Players
  • Coaches
  • Host Management
  • Fans
  • Assigner
  • Self

8
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Your Partner
  • Your Partner is Your Fellow Official
  • You are match facilitators
  • Officials are judged in terms of how well they
    did as a team.
  • Begin with a pre-match contact.
  • Enter the venue together. Enter the court
    together.
  • Meet the coaches together.
  • Leave the court and venue together.
  • If at all possible have a post-match conference.
  • Support your partner throughout the match.
  • A thumbs up or hand clap after a long rally or
    good call is important (good job during
    time-out or between games).

9
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Your Partner
  • For effective teamwork, you can
  • Share the workload (net check, area inspection,
    ball pressure check, and instruction of assistant
    officials/support staff).
  • Conduct a pre-match discussion lead by the First
    Referee during which
  • Second Referee gets an answer to what do you
    expect of me?
  • Informal signals, given discreetly, are
    thoroughly covered.
  • Emphasize eye contact CENTERING (before, during
    and after each play).
  • Agree upon an exit plan to toot and scoot after
    match (sign the score sheet?).
  • Meet for a post-match discussion with a candid
    assessment of how you worked as a team, what
    worked well, what could have been better?

10
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Assistant Officials/Support
Staff
  • Creating a rapport is essential! Volleyball
    is unique, in that, we may have unpaid,
    uncertified, unimpartial volunteers making
    critical decisions.
  • Assistant Officials (new for 2008)
  • Line Judges
  • Scorer
  • Libero Tracker
  • Timer/Scoreboard Operator
  • Support Staff
  • Announcer
  • Ball Shaggers (when you have them!)

11
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Assistant Officials
  • Line Judges
  • The First Referee typically instructs the line
    judges, evaluates ability/experience, places them
    in their respective positions (less experienced
    to the right of First Referee), and evaluates
    their performance. Use the acronym SALT
    (Service, Antenna, Line, Touch) to teach/review
    signals (with or without flags).
  • Accepting Line Judge calls validates the Line
    Judges and benefits the match. Ask for constant
    eye contact with the First Referee.
  • Address overruling and not able to call as
    possibilities.
  • Use time-outs for further instruction or
    reminders.

12
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Assistant Officials
  • Scorer/Scorekeeper
  • Second Referee typically works with the official
    scorer, evaluates experience, checks line-up
    entry, checks the score sheet during time-outs
    and prepares the scorer to be ready to provide
    information before, during or after the play,
    such as the numbers of the next 3 servers (front
    row).
  • Second Referee reminds the scorer to identify a
    wrong server prior to the serve but report it to
    Second Referee after service contact.
  • Ensuring the proper score is kept means the
    Second Referee gives the scorer enough time to
    record substitutions, including time to verify
    that the scoreboard matches the score sheet.

13
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Assistant Officials
  • Libero Tracker
  • The Second Referee works with the Libero Tracker
    and ensures the Libero Tracker is partnering with
    the scorer.
  • The Libero Tracker is instructed to ensure proper
    libero replacements occur, that the same 2
    numbers are on either side of the L, that all
    substitutions are recorded as well as libero
    replacements, that libero exchange rules are
    followed and that libero serving is properly
    recorded.
  • Illegal libero replacements should be reported
    immediately when identified by the libero
    tracker.
  • If working with a novice scorer or libero
    tracker, use the rules book for a guide.

14
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Assistant Officials
  • Timer/Scoreboard Operator
  • The Second Referee works with the timer to ensure
    the horn or buzzer sounds under certain
    circumstances and that the score is posted
    accurately. This occurs in concert with the
    scorer (scorer sits between the timer and libero
    tracker).
  • The Second Referee and First Referee observes and
    backs up the timing of match segments throughout
    the match and addresses any problems.
  • The Second Referee communicates expectations for
    warm-ups, time-outs and between-game intervals.

15
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Support Staff
  • Announcer
  • The First Referee works with the announcer to
    ensure a common understanding of
  • How player introductions and the National Anthem
    will occur (timing and duration).
  • Any special events such as seniors, parents
    nights.
  • Whether the announcer will indicate who is
    serving and make a neutral commentary, if any
    commentary is made at all.

16
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Support Staff
  • Ball Shaggers
  • The Second Referee typically instructs the ball
    shaggers regarding
  • Wiping the ball to keep it dry.
  • When the ball goes to the server and where the
    extra balls should go (3-ball rotation).
  • Properly rolling the ball.
  • Avoiding interfering with play and safety issues.
  • Encourage the use of ball shaggers, if properly
    educated they can enhance the flow and tempo of
    the match.

17
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Players
  • Perception is reality. Dont call players by
    their names which conveys favoritism. To talk
    with the captain, say captain. Theyre really
    the only players to address officials.
  • If you do need to talk directly with a player,
    use the players number (5,) or go through the
    captain or coach.
  • Treat players with respect and dignity.
  • Post match, limit any commentary to nice match.
    Never touch a player or coach other than via a
    handshake and only if the handshake is initiated
    by the player or coach.

18
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Coaches
  • Perception is reality. Approach with your
    partner for introductions (when both coaches are
    courtside, home coach first), trying to spend
    equal time with each, be cordial but brief,
    address new rules or rule questions. Never ever
    comment on the performance of an individual or
    team.
  • Address the coach by saying coach and not by
    using the coachs name.
  • Go through the coach to address a problem with a
    player on the court or bench personnel.
  • Dont initiate a post-match hand shake.
  • Dont linger after match to make yourself
    accessible.

19
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Coaches/Captains
  • Pre-Timed Warm-up Meeting with Head Coaches and
    Captains
  • The First Referee introduces him/herself and
    partner, and asks captains and coaches to
    introduce themselves.
  • The First Referee goes over the court and playing
    area, legal equipment and uniforms, match and
    warm-up format and Second Referee adds
    information including waiting for authorization
    for subs to enter. The First Referee then asks
    if there are any questions.
  • Conclude with the calling of the coin toss by the
    visiting team captain, ask the home team captain
    to repeat the call and both teams are shown the
    result of toss. Wish good luck, then identify
    immediately (coin in pocket) which team has the
    serve to the scorer.
  • The First Referee instructs the Timer to begin
    the Timed Warm-up. Both Referees keep time on
    their watches to provide a back-up.

20
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Coaches
  • Responding to Coach During Match
  • The Second Referees role is to serve and protect
    the First Referee. When a coach has a problem or
    question, the Second Referee positions
    herself/himself to prevent the coach yelling
    across court at the First Referee.
  • The Second Referee is proactive in anticipating
    if a coach will have a concern about a close call
    or non-call.
  • The Second Referee may go to the coach to diffuse
    an outburst. Be a good listener. Succinctly
    respond and end with lets play, and give the
    court back to the First Referee.
  • After lets play the coach risks a card with
    further interruptions.
  • Judgment calls are not to be questioned.

21
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Host Management
  • (usually the Athletic Director)
  • Affirm details and that you will be officiating
    at least 7 days prior to the match with a phone
    call or email to the Athletic Department.
  • Greet the Athletic Director identify room to
    change clothes and store officiating gear.
  • If refreshments are provided be sure to express
    your appreciation. Do not push for receiving
    refreshments.
  • Identify where host management will be located,
    if needed, before, during and after the match.
    Where will you be?
  • Involve host management when there are facility
    problems, safety concerns, unruly fans, or other
    such issues.

22
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Fans
  • Generally, do not respond to fans during a match
    (perception that the official has rabbit ears).
  • If there is an unruly fan(s), suspend play until
    host management intervenes and either removes the
    fan(s) or ensures there will be no further
    problems.
  • If the opportunity presents itself, you might
    seek to explain a rule to a fan. But, avoid
    confrontation at all cost, since this is a no-win
    situation.
  • Monitor flash photography during play
    (distraction or safety issue?).
  • Avoid using a public restroom, going to the
    concession stand and crowds.

23
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Your Assigner
  • Work with your assigner through prompt acceptance
    or rejection of assignments. Never push or
    politic for particular matches, but make your
    availability known.
  • Honor your commitments, and fulfill your
    contractual obligations. Never seek a casual
    release from a contract. Dont intentionally
    double book.
  • If expected to, obtain an acceptable replacement
    when you have to turn back an assignment for a
    valid reason.
  • If there were any problems at a match, notify
    your assigner immediately.
  • Dont forget to say, thanks.

24
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
with Yourself
  • Use self encouragement through positive
    thoughts. If youre thinking about the call that
    you might have missed, youre probably going to
    miss the next one.
  • Not What If? But What Now?
  • Dont dwell on your mistakes learn from them.
  • Try to create a comfort level, relax and relieve
    stress through such techniques as deep breathing
    and imaging.
  • Evaluate yourself fairly.
  • Be aware of how you relate to others and how you
    are received and perceived.
  • Try to maintain a constant wide to narrow focus
    while youre on the stand as First Referee or
    working on the floor as Second Referee.
  • Talk to yourself. Before Beckon, Where are my
    setters?

Consistency
25
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Ball handling
  • Rules
  • Observations
  • Warnings
  • Sanctions

26
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Ball Handling
  • Establish a comfort zone.
  • Know what is acceptable to allow, and let play
    continue. The first few calls set the tone for
    the match.
  • Know what not to call, and dont call it! Decide
    if the player is playing the ball or if the ball
    is playing the player.
  • One philosophy is dont call it unless its
    gross which is clearly a matter of judgment.
    Dont go by looks, sound, spin or body position,
    only the contact with the ball that you see.
  • Dont look ahead of the play. The eyes of the
    First Referee must be focused on the part of the
    body making contact with the ball.

27
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Ball Handling
  • Ugly is not necessarily a violation.
  • Judge the duration and the direction.
  • Too much control is going to be an illegal hit
    for prolonged contact (called any time).
  • Lack of control likely is going to be a double
    hit or multiple contacts. First team contact is
    never a double hit (multiple contacts) when
    only one effort is being made.
  • The second contact likely will be a double hit,
    if theres a fault, and the third hit will likely
    be prolonged contact.

28
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Ball Handling
  • Expect to hear such things as, They didnt call
    it that way last night, Call it both ways and
    Be consistent.
  • The only thing that is going to be consistent
    about us as individual officials is that were
    different. Nevertheless, players, coaches and
    fans are entitled to having us be consistent
    during the match.
  • If you make a call in the first game, you better
    be prepared to make that same call in a deciding
    game.
  • If you called it early in the match, you have to
    call it late. Thats the type of consistency we
    should be striving for.

29
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Ball Handling
  • Always remember the importance of the first few
    handles since your calls and non-calls will set
    what the players and coaches expect for the
    match.
  • Call only the faults you actually see, and do not
    call a fault in response to coach, player, fan
    judgment.
  • Let the players decide the match, but dont
    ignore ball-handling errors on game or match
    point.
  • If its an error call it if it is not, Play On.

30
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Rules
  • There are different levels of volleyball with
    differences in the rules.
  • However, if you know one set of rules it will
    help to compare if you officiate under multiple
    rule sets.
  • PAVO (www.pavo.org) and USA Volleyball
    (www.usavolleyball.org) have rule comparison
    sheets on their websites that include NFHS rules.
  • Always have your rules book courtside.
  • Coaches should be accountable Protest
  • Study the rules throughout the season and discuss
    rule situations that arise with your Rules
    Interpreter.

31
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Observations
  • Observe higher-level matches. To understand
    todays game of volleyball, you have to be a
    student of the game.
  • Observe the play, serving patterns, receiving
    formations, whether you can see screening, where
    the setters are coming from and their opposites,
    offensive strategies, and during-the-match moves
    that address game flow and adjustments, etc.
  • Observe your fellow officials, but without
    commenting unless solicited. Are their signals
    clear to everyone and how well they seem to work
    with their partner. Watch informal signals, also
    called discreet signals because that is how they
    are to be given.
  • Observe how the officials interact with the
    coaches and the idiosyncrasies of the coaches.

32
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Warnings
  • The gray area vs. hard line, by-the-book
    approach. Will a warning affect the outcome of
    the match?
  • Treat both teams the same.
  • Example 1 Screening is very rarely called but
    happens more frequently than many think.
  • If you think theres a potential for a screen,
    you can warn the players involved, but should
    penalize if a screen is actually committed.
  • Example 2 A slight overlap or illegal alignment
    can be warned by determining, What advantage is
    gained? This is supported if youre counting
    boards. There is a philosophy to call major
    overlaps and ignore the rest.
  • Give numbers of players 5 and 6, theres a
    potential overlap, coach. Or, Coach, potential
    overlap, 5 and 6, RF/RB.

33
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Sanctions
  • Key to issuing cards is first to determine
    whether there is an initial emotional response to
    a situation or a conscious reaction.
  • If a players or coachs first reaction is
    sufficiently minor to be penalized with a formal
    warning/yellow card, try to choose this route
    rather than issuing a penalty/red card.
  • Be aware of the coaching strategy used by some to
    try to get a card to motivate their team or even
    to try to get an advantage and influence match
    officials.

34
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Sanctions
  • Regardless, unsporting acts have to be addressed.
    If you have said, I should have givena card
    youre probably correct. Not issuing warranted
    cards creates an unfair disadvantage to the other
    team.
  • Gestures as well as words can merit a sanction.
  • Issuance of cards is a judgment call, not subject
    to review.
  • Issuance of cards must be progressive, ie. once
    a yellow card has been issued to a person, no
    more yellow cards can be issued to that same
    person.
  • Cards carry through the remainder of the match.
  • UROA is the acronym to remember.

35
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Sanctions
  • Unsporting conduct is a warning (yellow card).
  • Rude conduct that goes beyond unsporting and or
    is repeated unsporting conduct by the same person
    is a penalty (red card).
  • Offensive conduct or repeated rude conduct on the
    part of the same person would be subject to
    disqualification (red and yellow cards, held
    apart in separate hands).
  • Aggressive conduct can be an immediate forfeit by
    the offending team . An incident report is
    required.
  • A Disqualified player must leave the playing area
    if adult supervision is available. A disqualified
    Coach must leave the building. Disqualified
    personnel are still subject to sanction which
    must result in forfeit.

36
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONSISTENCY
  • Sanctions
  • Ask yourself Is my decision-making affected? If
    so, a sanction must be issued to the team member
    causing this to occur.
  • Sanction dispassionately, just as with any other
    decision that is being made.
  • Keep your cool. Dont show anger. Remain as
    detached as you can.
  • Approach each match with an un-bias.

Control
37
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Equipment
  • Appearance
  • Preparation
  • Confidence
  • Delays

38
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Equipment
  • A pre-match inspection is a must!
  • Measure the net. Requires accurate net chain.
    Measure and verify marking at correct height
    based on level youre working. Dont assume your
    net chain is marked at the correct settings.
  • Check the net tension by throwing a ball into the
    net from 6. The ball should rebound 2-3 back
    into court.
  • Dont try to fix a net on your own. Get help from
    host management or the coach.
  • Line up the antennas on opposite sides of net,
    defining the outside of the sidelines using the
    net chain as a plumb bob/line.

39
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Equipment
  • Check for any exposed metal along the bottom or
    top of net, including antennas.
  • Check pressure in all balls (4.3-4.6 lbs.) that
    will be used for the match. Dont just feel for
    correct pressure without also measuring using an
    accurate ball pressure gauge (compare to someone
    elses gauge).
  • Distinguish game balls from other balls to avoid
    getting them mixed up with non-game balls.

40
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Equipment
  • Make sure the standards and First Referee stand
    are padded. Padding is not an option. Cant play
    the match without this.
  • Make sure all court lines are down and at correct
    distances. Blue/white painters tape is good to
    fix a line.
  • Check to ensure the First Referee stand is
    properly secured and at the right height for the
    official.
  • Score table set far enough back and chairs back.
    Keep things out of the substitution zone between
    benches and score table. Remove unsafe objects
    from in front of bench and warm-up area.
  • SAFETY IS PARAMOUNT

41
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Appearance
  • Body language says a lot along with the
    officials facial expressions. Must give
    perception of laid back but not uninterested.
  • Good posture on the stand and on the floor is
    very important. Dont be too casual. Dont ever
    lean on the post, scorers table or stand.
  • Hands on the hips can look a bit confrontational.
    Arms folded across chest can look condesending.
    Dont be too rigid. Look and feel relaxed.

42
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Appearance
  • Be careful and be aware of how you conduct
    yourself with the people around you. Be friendly
    but do not attempt to be everybodys friend.
  • Grooming is important. Not only neat appearance
    but pressed shirts and pants, shoes in good
    condition and polished. Shorts may look too
    casual. Shirt tucked in.
  • Look physically fit and up to the task of
    officiating.

43
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Appearance
  • Wear the correct uniform!
  • And make sure your clothes fit!
  • White shirt should be white.
  • Bring an extra shirt and pants in case of an
    accident.
  • Extra belt, extra pair of socks (perhaps for
    partner!).
  • Have shoe polish, Fabreze and stain stick with
    you.
  • Avoid drawing attention to yourself.

44
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Preparation
  • Know the rules.
  • Be up on the current techniques and trends.
  • Observe matches.
  • Discuss situations with each other, brainstorm.
  • Ask questions.
  • Take notes and journal.
  • Make the uncomfortable, comfortable by
    confronting your weaknesses and learning from
    your mistakes.

45
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Preparation
  • Anticipate situations through visualization,
    realization regarding which rules apply and how
    to apply them appropriately.
  • Realize things seem to happen on a regular basis.
  • Always remain positive.
  • Exude confidence, but not cockiness because you
    realize the match isnt about you. Its about the
    players and teams.

46
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Confidence
  • Shown through the use of signals
  • Clear and distinct (practice in front of a
    mirror).
  • Marked by signal separation.
  • Set the tempo.
  • Unrushed to avoid creating confusion (what was
    the call?),
  • Dont get sloppy and use the CORRECT signals.
    eg. Touch vs. Out

47
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Confidence
  • Shown through use of your whistle Discriminating
    and distinct whistles include, but are not
    limited to
  • Beckon for serve.
  • Whistle to end a rally.
  • Whistle for a substitution.
  • Whistle for a time-out.
  • Whistle to call attention to a potential safety
    hazard.
  • Whistle to hold up play.

48
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Confidence
  • Create a climate of calmness.
  • Make sure court is a safe place, ready for play.
  • Follow correct procedures for substitutions/time-o
    uts.
  • Maintain proper court coverage.
  • First Referee follows ball.
  • Second Referee Transitions to the Blockers side,
    monitoring player movement.

49
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Delays
  • Always err on the side of safety when dealing
    with a request to have the ball wiped, the floor
    toweled, time for a player to tie a shoelace, a
    contact issue, a player injury (30 seconds to
    evaluate), even at a time when a coach doesnt
    have a time-out left or the other team is on a
    run or its the end of a close game.
  • Second Referee inspects/checks/verifies these
    situations to avoid continuing gamesmanship.
    Would you expect the need for a floor wipe in
    November?
  • Intentional delays must be sanctioned. Hey, wait
    a minute is a delaying tactic.

50
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCONTROL
  • Delays
  • Defuse and defend is part of the Second
    Referees role to serve and protect the First
    Referee. Listen carefully to a coachs question.
  • Give a short concise answer but dont quote the
    rule to the coach. Rather, interpret the
    practical application of the rule and end with
    lets play, coach and then turn the match back
    to the First Referee to facilitate game flow.
  • The Second Referee should not permit judgment
    calls to be continually challenged without
    warning and finally asking for a card.

51
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballCommunication
Revisited
  • Responsibility
  • The First Referee is responsible to take in all
    pertinent, available information before making a
    final decision.
  • Overall, the First Referee and Second Referee are
    in a constant scan mode, looking for potential
    safety issues, coach requests, bench activity,
    partner and line judges in position, need for
    additional time on the part of the score table,
    etc.

52
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals
  • These signals follow the pre-match agreements on
    what the Second Referee will signal the First
    Referee
  • Show only play-ending information such as 4-hits
    (touch by the block on third hit that goes into
    the tape, dont show a touch signal), 2-hits,
    illegal hit, below the waist contact, illegal
    attack, illegal back-row block, over-the-net
    contact, ball touched out, possible illegal
    alignment on the serving team, possible
    screening.

53
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, 4-hits
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • a ball has already been contacted three times and
    the next contact will result in the fourth hit,
    show four fingers in the chest area using the
    hand to the side of the team that would be
    committing the fault upon next contact.
  • a third hit has been touched by the block and
    stays on the side of the attacking team, no hand
    signal will be made to show touch but a head nod
    can affirm I saw a touch, play on.

54
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, 2-hits illegal hit below the
    waist contact
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • there is a double hit or multiple contacts
    outside the view of the First Referee OR if, from
    the Second Referees angle, there is a double hit
    on a ball the First Referee has called
    previously, the Second Referee will show the
    2-hit signal in the chest area.
  • there is an illegal hit or below the waist
    contact outside the view of the First Referee,
    the Second Referee will show the illegal hit
    signal in the chest area using the hand on the
    side of the team that committed the fault.

55
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, illegal back row block
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • there is a back-row blocker near the net,
    reaching higher than the net and contacting the
    ball or a back-row player participating in a
    completed collective block, the Second Referee
    should step out and show the illegal block signal
    in the chest area. The Second Referee should
    whistle the fault if the First Referee does not
    see the signal and misses the back-row block.

56
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, illegal back row attack
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • a back-row player with last contact in the attack
    zone has contacted a ball near the top of the
    net, the Second Referee should step out and show
    the possibility of an illegal back-row attack in
    the chest area on the side of the attacking team.
  • If the ball clearly is above net height and the
    ball then crossed the net or is legally contacted
    by the opponent, the Second Referee may show a
    strong attack signal and should whistle the fault
    if the First Referee doesnt see the signal and
    just misses it.

57
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, over the net
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • a player reaches over the net and contacts the
    ball which has not been attacked while the ball
    is totally on the opponents side of the net, the
    Second Referee should step out and show the
    over-the-net signal in the chest area.
  • This includes an attack on the other side of the
    net, a block contact which takes a play away from
    the opponents on a ball that was not going over
    the net and/or is not an attack. However, any
    ball that has already been contacted three times
    may be blocked on the opponents side.

58
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, ball down
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • a ball is down/in, step out to signal the First
    Referee to assist with making the call. If the
    First Referee waves off the Second Referee
    (indicating the First Referee saw the ball up,)
    the Second Referee should pull the call back and
    play continues.
  • However, if the First Referee fails to see the
    call despite the step out and sell job, the
    Second Referee being 105 certain that the ball
    touched the court, should whistle the fault.

59
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, illegal alignment,
  • screening
  • If the Second Referee believes
  • there is a possible illegal alignment on the
    serving team show the illegal alignment signal in
    the chest area to alert the First Referee.
  • there is a possible screen especially if the
    receiving team is struggling to see the serve,
    show the screen signal in the chest area to alert
    the First Referee

60
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, game point
  • After confirming the serving team has game point,
    the Second Referee will show this with an index
    finger on the shoulder of the team that has game
    point. So should the scorer. The First Referee
    will acknowledge the signal with a nod, but will
    not signal back in return.
  • The informal signal of game point is repeated
    only as necessary and not while the other team is
    continuing to serve and the receiving team has
    repeated game points. However, if the score
    becomes tied, game point will be shown each time
    either team has a game point through the end of
    the game.

61
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, legal back row play
  • When a team has a legal back-row attack because a
    back-row player left the floor from behind the
    attack line the Referees may show an informal
    signal of legal back-row attack off to the side
    on the side of the court where the play occurred
    (safe signal). This may help the First Referee
    if the First Referees view was screened.
  • When a back-row player plays a ball over when the
    ball was not entirely above the height of the
    net, use a patting down signal.

62
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, safe, patting down
    signal
  • The back-row safe signal should be used
    sparingly only when the players take off was
    close to the attack line or the patting down
    signal when the ball was near the top of the net.
  • The safe signal may also be used to show the
    libero was making a finger-tip setting action
    from outside the attack zone or the patting down
    signal when the next contact off the libero set
    from the attack zone was on a ball that was not
    totally above the height of the net.

63
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Informal Signals, time-outs taken,
    substitutions taken
  • Number of time-outs taken by each team is shown
    by the Second Referee at the beginning of the
    time-out and at the end of the time-out. The
    scorer typically confirms number of time-outs
    used by each team to the Second Referee and
    signals the number to the First Referee during
    the time-out, then both Second Referee and scorer
    show this at the end of the time-out. The Second
    Referee informs the two coaches as well.
  • As a courtesy inform the coach of 9th-12th
    substitutions. Right hand five, Right fist
    ten.

64
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Leading the First Referee
  • There are times where an informal signal by the
    Second Referee will not be sufficient. Part of
    effective partnering is recognizing when your
    partner needs help and leading the call. A
    bang-bang play at the net, ball played tight to
    the net, attack-block-antenna and who the fault
    was on, etc. can all necessitate the Second
    Referee leading the First Referee.
  • Recognizing that deer-in-the-headlights look
    and need for help can be a partnership-defining
    moment!

65
The 3 Cs of Officiating Volleyball Communication
Revisited
  • Get the call right
  • There are times when the Second Referee needs to
    come across the court after a play for a private
    discussion with the First Referee regarding
    something that simply cant be signaled.
    Typically, the partners pre-arrange that when the
    Second Referee moves to the court standing on the
    sideline, the First Referee should call the
    Second Referee across the court.
  • The above scenario is to be used only for matters
    that merit special concern.

66
The 3 Cs of Officiating VolleyballFinal Thoughts
  • Officials dont make bad calls but, from time to
    time, make incorrect ones. The goal is not to
    make a lot of them.
  • We should strive to call the perfect match.
  • If you are comfortable where you are, thats
    where you will stay.
  • Have joy in the journey!
  • Bonus Segment

67
TRICKS OF THE TRADE CHECKING LINEUPS
  • R2 CHECKS THE LINEUP OF THE RECEIVING TEAM
    FIRST, START WITH BACK ROW, ALLOW LIBERO
    REPLACEMENT (IF THERE IS ONE), MOVE TO FRONT ROW,
    GIVE CAPTAINS TO R1, REPEAT FOR SERVING TEAM.

68
TRICKS OF THE TRADE COMMUNICATE A DELAY IN SERVE
  • R1 AFTER YOUR SCAN AND BEFORE YOUR BECKON FOR
    SERVE CENTER WITH THE R2.
  • IF R2 HAS BACK TURNED, R1 HOLDS THE SERVER WITH
    THE NEAR HAND UP AND POINTS TO THE R2 WITH THE
    OTHER HAND.

69
TRICKS OF THE TRADE WHO WAS IN THE NET?
  • R2 (OR R1) CALLS A NET, WHILE CERTAIN OF THE
    CALL, IS UNCERTAIN WHO IT WAS EXACTLY.
  • IF ONE OF THE POTENTIAL OFFENDERS LOOKS AT YOU,
    IT IS PROBABLY NOT THAT PLAYER WHO WAS IN THE
    NET.
  • IF STILL UNCERTAIN, GIVE THE S OF THE POTENTIAL
    OFFENDERS WITH AN HONEST REPLY COACH, IT WAS
    EITHER 2 OR 13.

70
TRICKS OF THE TRADE BLAME THE ASSIGNER
  • A REPLY TO A JUDGMENT QUESTION, EG. IF THE BALL
    IS SPINNING, ISNT THAT A DOUBLE HIT?
  • JIM BEYER HAS ENCOURAGED US NOT TO CALL A DOUBLE
    HIT JUST BECAUSE THE BALL IS SPINNING.
  • OR ON A QUICK BALL OVER
  • IF THE BALL PLAYS THE PLAYER, JIM BEYER SAID IT
    IS LIKELY NOT AN ILLEGAL HIT.

71
TRICKS OF THE TRADE SUB DOES WAIT FOR
AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER
  • THE FIRST TIME A SUB ENTERS WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION
    FROM THE R2, BRING THE SUB BACK AND THEN ALLOW
    THE SUB WITH NO PENALTY.
  • ANY FURTHER TEAM OCCURRANCES FROM THE SAME SUB OR
    A DIFFERENT SUB WOULD RESULT IN AN UNNECESSARY
    DELAY AND DENY THE SUB.
  • WHEN THE SUB ENTERS THE ZONE, HESITATE TO BLOW
    THE WHISTLE. THIS SHOULD PREVENT THE SUB FROM
    ENTERING WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION.

72
TRICKS OF THE TRADE RECOGNIZE DELAY TACTICS
  • COACHES WILL TRY TO BREAK THE MOMENTUM OF THE
    OTHER TEAM THROUGH LEGAL AND QUESTIONABLE MEANS.
  • ANTICIPATE WHEN REQUESTS WILL BE MADE.
  • KNOW THE OF TIMEOUTS AND SUBS TAKEN.
  • A REQUEST FOR A LINEUP CHECK CAN BE SIMPLIFIED BY
    ESTABLISHING WITH THE SCORER, WHO IS THE NEXT
    SERVER?

73
TRICKS OF THE TRADE ???
If you have any send them to www.vbofficiating.co
m and well share them with others.
74
This Powerpoint follows the DVD
Volleyball Officiating The Things They Didnt
Tell You!
75
Thanks for the privilege to be with you tonight.
I hope you all have a great year. Take care.
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