WALKING-WORKING SURFACES 29 CFR 1910 SUBPART D

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WALKING-WORKING SURFACES29 CFR 1910 SUBPART D
Bureau of Workers Comp PA Training for Health
Safety (PATHS)
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Introduction

• Slips, trips and falls cause
• The majority of general industry accidents
• 15 percent of all accidental deaths
• More fatalities than all other causes, except
  motor vehicles
• OSHAs standards for walking and working surfaces
  apply to all permanent places of employment,
  except where only domestic, mining or
  agricultural work is performed.

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General RequirementsHousekeeping

• Workplaces must be kept clean, orderly
  and sanitary.
• Workroom floors must be maintained as clean
  and dry as possible.

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General RequirementsAisles and Passageways

• Keep clear and move obstructions that could
  create a hazard.
• Mark permanent aisles and passageways.
• Aisles must be sufficiently wide where mechanical
  handling equipment is used.

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General RequirementsCovers and Guardrails
Provide covers/guardrails to protect workers from
the hazards of open pits, tanks, vats, ditches,
etc.
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General Requirements Skylight Floor
Opening

• Every skylight floor opening and hole shall be
  guarded by a standard skylight screen or a fixed
  standard railing on all exposed sides.

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General Requirements Pit
Trapdoor Floor Opening

• Every pit and trapdoor floor opening,
  infrequently usedguarded by a floor opening
  cover of standard strength and construction.

• While the cover is not in place, the pit or trap
  opening must be constantly attended by someone or
  protected on all exposed sides by removable
  standard railings.

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General RequirementsFloor Loading Protection

• Load ratings must be marked on plates and
  conspicuously posted.
• Do not exceed the load rating limit.

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Floor Opening
An opening measuring 12 inches or more in its
least dimension in a floor, platform, pavement or
yard through which people may fall.
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Guarding Floor OpeningsDefinitions

• Standard railing
• Consists of top rail, mid rail and posts
• Height from upper surface of top rail to floor
  level is 42 inches
• Mid rail height is 21 inches
• Standard toeboard
• - 4 inches high, with not more than ¼ inch
  clearance above the floor

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Stairway Floor Openings
Must be guarded by a standard railing on all
exposed sides (except at entrance)
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Ladderway Floor Openings

• Guard with a standard railing with toeboard on
  all exposed sides (except entrance).
• Guard the passage through the railing with a
  swinging gate or offset it to prevent someone
  from walking into the opening.

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Floor Hole

• An opening measuring less than 12 but more than
  1 in its least dimension in a floor, platform,
  pavement or yard through which materials, but not
  persons, may fall.
• Every floor hole that people can accidentally
  walk into must be guarded by either
• a standard railing with toeboard or
• a cover

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Wall Openings

• Opening at least 30 high and 18 wide, in a wall
  or partition, through which persons may fall.
• Wall openings from which there is a drop of more
  than 4 feet must be guarded.

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Open-sided Floors and Platforms

• Open-sided floors or platforms 4 or more above
  adjacent floor or ground level must be guarded by
  a standard railing (or equivalent) on all open
  sides, except where there is an entrance to a
  ramp, stairway or fixed ladder.
• A toeboard is required when beneath the open
  sides
• persons can pass,
• there is moving machinery, or
• there is equipment where falling materials could
  create a hazard.

Unguarded Platform
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Open-sided Floors, Walkways, Platforms and
Runways

• Regardless of height, a standard railing and
  toeboard must be used to guard
• open-sided floors
• - walkways
• - platforms, or
• - runways
• Above or adjacent to dangerous equipment,
  pickling or galvanizing tanks, degreasing units
  and similar hazards

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Stairways
Flights of stairs with four or more risers must
have standard stair railings or handrails.
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Fixed Industrial Stairs

• Treads must be slip resistant with uniform rise
  height and tread width
• Must be able to carry 5 times expected load
  minimum of 1,000 pounds
• Minimum width of 22

Violation here several steps bent and damaged,
no railings/handrails, tools on stairs
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Portable Ladders

• Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other
  area must extend at least 3 above the point of
  support.
• Remove defective ladders from service and tag or
  mark Dangerous, Do Not Use
• Never use ladders in a horizontal position as
  scaffolds or work platforms.
• Never use metal ladders near electrical
  equipment.

Notice step ladder in use safer to use
straight ladder
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Portable Wood Ladders

• Free from sharp edges, splinters, wear and decay
• Step ladders
• - Type I 3 to 20 (heavy duty use)
• - Type II 3 to 12 (medium duty)
• - Type III 3 to 6 (light duty)
• These have a metal spreader or locking device

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Portable Wood ladders - Inspection 29
CFR 1910.25 (d)(1)(x)

• Regularly inspect ladders
• Those with defects should be withdrawn from
  service for repair or destruction
  and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use"

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Portable Ladders

• Single/Straight ladder
• 30 feet or less
• Extension ladder
• 60 feet or less
• Painters ladder
• 12 feet or less

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Care and Use of Ladders

• Ladders must be maintained in good condition
  at all times
• Joints must be tight
• Metal bearings of lock, wheels, pulleys, etc.,
  must be lubricated
• Frayed or badly worn rope must be replaced
• Safety feet and other auxiliary equipment must be
  in good condition
• Ladders must be inspected frequently

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Ladders and Electricity

• Metal ladders conduct electricity be careful
  where they are located when in use
• Suggest metal ladders have a sign stating not
  for use around electricity or electrical lines

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Ladder Angle Portable Rung and Cleat Ladders

• Use at angle where the horizontal distance from
  the top support to the foot of the ladder is ¼
  the working length of the ladder (length along
  ladder between the foot and top support)

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Safe Use of Ladders

• Make sure the ladder is strong enough and long
• enough for the job.
• Carefully inspect the ladder before you use it.
• Place the ladder on a firm, level surface with
  its
• feet parallel to the wall it is resting
  against.
• Face the ladder when ascending or descending.

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Safe Use of Ladders

• Ensure rungs are free from grease/oil.
• Always maintain 3 points of contact when
  ascending or descending.
• Never splice ladders together.

Employee is maintaining three points of contact
while working
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Fixed Ladders

• Permanently attached to a structure,
  building or equipment
• Cages or wells are required if longer
  than 20 to a maximum unbroken length of 30
• Ladder safety devices may be used on tower, water
  tank and chimney ladders over 20 in unbroken
  length instead of cage protection

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Safe Use of Ladders Any Safety
Issues Here?
Rail Bent
Rail Bent
Bracket Bent Shelf Missing
Bracket Bent Shelf Missing
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ScaffoldingGeneral Requirements

• Must be capable of supporting four times the
  maximum intended load.
• Do not alter or move while in use.
• Protect workers on scaffolds from overhead
  hazards.
• If higher than 10, use guardrails, midrails and
  toeboards.
• Use wire mesh between the toeboard and guardrail
  if people work or pass underneath.
• Must be equipped with access ladder or
  equivalent.

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Scaffolding

• Designed by qualified person and built loaded
  to design
• Footing or anchorage of scaffolds must be
  sound, rigid and capable of carrying the maximum
  intended load without displacement
• Must be capable of supporting at least 4
  times the maximum intended load

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Any Problems Here?
Scaffolding unsafe no guardrails, not supported
or anchored properly, etc.
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Summary

• Slips, trips and falls constitute the majority
  of general industry accidents.
• OSHAs standards for walking and working
  surfaces include requirements for guarding
  floor/wall openings and holes, housekeeping,
• industrial stairs and ladders.
• Maintaining proper clearance and aisle space
  helps to prevent accidents and injuries.
• Keeping working surfaces clean, dry and
  uncluttered can prevent many workplace accidents.

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Remember

• A slip/trip/fall can occur in just one second,
  and that one second can change your life.
• Be careful, be safe and use common sense when it
  comes to maintaining and using walking and
  working surfaces.

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Questions