Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

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Federalists vs. Anti-federalists

• the Constitution

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VS

• Federalists

• Anti-federalists

• Wrote a collection of essays in support of the
  new Constitution.
• The purpose of the essays was to show how the new
  Constitution would solve many of the problems
  that existed under the Articles of Confederation.
• Three men combined to write 85 of the essays.
• Strong central government.
• (Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay)

• Criticized the adoption of the Constitution of
  1787.
• Opposition to slavery continue to exist under
  the new Constitution.
• States would lose power under the Constitution.
• Federal Government would be too powerful. People
  still fear a strong central government.
• 1 opposition NO BILL of RIGHTS in proposed
  constitution!
• Anti-Federalists (Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams,
  John Hancock, Richard Henry Lee, George Mason)

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THE CONSTITUTION

• PREAMBLE
• A preamble is an introduction. The introduction
  to the Constitution lists the goals of the
  Constitution.
• The goals of the Constitution refer to problems
  under the Articles of Confederation.
• GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION
• Form a More Perfect Union
• Establish Justice
• Insure Domestic Tranquility
• Provide for the Common Defense
• Promote the General Welfare
• Secure the Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and
  Our Posterity

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ARTICLE I LEGISLATIVE BRANCHCONGRESS
(BICAMERAL) PURPOSE MAKE LAWS

• SENATE
• 2 Per State
• Originally selected by State Legislatures
• Today Directly Elected
• POWERS DENIED CONGRESS
• Suspend Writ of Habeas Corpus (brought to
  court)
• Pass Bills of Attainder (punish without trial)
• Ex Post Facto Law (punish after laws is
  created)
• Tax Exports

• HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
• Based on State Population
• Directly Elected by People
• MAJOR POWERS OF CONGRESS
• Tax
• Declare War
• Raise/Maintain and Army
• Regulate Interstate Trade
• Tax Imports
• Create Postal System
• Coin Money
• Create Lower Federal Courts

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ARTICLE II EXECUTIVE BRANCHPRESIDENT PURPOSE
ENFORCE THE LAW

• POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
• Enforce laws passed by Congress
• Send troops into battle
• Enter into Treaties
• Appoint Federal Judges
• Appoint Ambassadors
• Grant Pardons - Reprieves

• ROLES OF THE PRESIDENT
• Chief Executive
• Commander-in-Chief
• Legislative Leader
• Judicial Leader
• Chief of State
• Foreign Policy Maker

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ARTICLE III JUDICIAL BRANCHSUPREME COURT
PURPOSE INTERPRET THE LAW

• SUPREME COURT
• 9 Justices Appointed by the President
• Justices serve life terms.
• Supreme Court oversees actions of Congress and
  the President. Court uses the Constitution to
  make sure government actions are Constitutional.

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ARTICLE IV RELATIONS AMONG THE STATESThis
article establishes what the states agree to do
for one another, and what the federal government
will provide to each state.

• FEDERAL to STATE
• Rules for admitting new states to the Union
• Republican form of Government
• Protect against invasion

• STATE to STATE
• Respect laws, contracts, etc.. Full Faith
  Credit
• Extradition send criminal to stand trial in
  other states.

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ARTICLE V AMENDMENTSPROCESS BY WHICH CHANGES
CAN BE MADE TO THE CONSTITUTION

• PROPOSAL
• Amendments to the Constitution must be approved
  by 2/3 of both houses of Congress to be proposed
• (or)
• 2/3 of the states call for a national convention
  for the proposal of an amendment

• RATIFICATION
• Amendments must be ratified (consent) by ¾ of the
  State Legislatures

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ARTICLE VI SUPREMACY OF NATIONAL LAW

• All debts contracted under the Articles of
  Confederation will be honored by US Government
• US Constitution, Federal Law, and Treaties are
  the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause)
• All Federal Public Officials will take an oath to
  protect and support the Constitution
• gt

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ARTICLE VII RATIFICATION

• For the Constitution to go into effect, it had to
  be ratified, approved by 9 of 13 states.
• RATIFICATION
• 9 of 13 STATES

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The Bill of Rights

• Amendment 1 Freedom of Speech, Press, Religion,
  Petition, Assembly
• Amendment 2 Right to Bear Arms
• Amendment 3 Quartering of Soldiers
• Amendment 4 Search Seizure
• Amendment 5 Rights of the Accused
• Amendment 6 Requirements for a Jury Trial
• Amendment 7 Rules of Common Law
• Amendment 8 Limits on Criminal Punishment
• Amendment 9 Rights Kept by the People
• Amendment 10 Powers of the States and the
  People

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Amendments 11-19

• Amendment 11 Suits Against States
• Amendment 12 Presidential Election Method
• Amendment 13 Slavery Abolished
• Amendment 14 Civil Rights Guaranteed
• Amendment 15 Black voting Rights
• Amendment 16 Income Tax
• Amendment 17 Direct Election of Senators
• Amendment 18 Prohibition
• Amendment 19 Womens Voting Rights