KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Election of 1960

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• CANDIDATES
• RICHARD NIXON
• REPUBLICAN

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• DEMOCRAT
• JOHN F. KENNEDY

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• SIMILARITIES
• VETERANS IN WORLD WAR II
• Both rising in party

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Both were Senators
• Kennedy Massachusetts
• Nixon California

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Nixon however was Vice-President

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy came from a wealthy family
• Joseph (father) made his fortune in stock market

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• And bootlegging whiskey during prohibition

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Joe Kennedy was oldest son he was the chosen son
  to run for President.

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Killed during World War II

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Campaign
• Kennedy was Catholic
• Became an issue

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Concern Kennedy would be guided by the Pope

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy calmed fears
• By openly discussing the issue

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy was 43 years old
• Too inexperienced

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Campaign
• Kennedy was Catholic
• Became an issue

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Concern Kennedy would be guided by the Pope

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy calmed fears
• By openly discussing the issue

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy was 43 years old
• Too inexperienced

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Televised Debates
• 1st time
• Kennedy was well coached by television producers

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Nixon looked haggard
• Just got out of hospital was still sick

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy's youthful appearance served him well

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• People watching debate on television felt
  Kennedy won

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• People listening to debate on the radio felt
  Nixon won

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Election results
• Kennedy won by 120,000 votes
• Illinois was key

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KENNEDY AND THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy was the first Catholic President
• Youngest president ever elected
• 43 years old

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• MASSIVE REALITATION EISENHOWERS POLICY TOWARDS
  SOVIETS

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy thought small disagreements or conflicts
  were not worth going to war over

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Nation had become dependent on Nuclear weapons

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy proposed a new strategy
• More troops to fight
• He did expand nuclear weapons

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Created elite branch of the service
• Green Berets

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Allow United States to fight limited wars
• Flexible Response

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Castro has taken over Cuba
• Communist regime 90 miles from United States

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR
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• Cuban émigrés in the United States invaded
• Cuba

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• Émigré's were going to incite a revolution and
  overthrow Castro

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• Castro's forces repelled attack

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• Kennedy refused air support
• doomed invasion

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• All invaders were captured or killed

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• Major embarrassment for Kennedy

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• Kennedy took full responsibility for failure

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• Russia and Khrushchev thought Kennedy weak and
  indecisive

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Berlin divided city
• Thousands leaving East Berlin to West

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Khrushchev and Russia ordered wall to be built

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Although there was a confrontation at Checkpoint
  Charlie between U.S and Soviet tanks

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Even though Kennedy responded with reservist
  activation

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• And Russia backed down at Checkpoint Charlie
• It was perceived by the Russians Kennedy did
  nothing about the wall

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Khrushchev believed Kennedy to be inexperienced

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Appeared again to Russia and Khrushchev Kennedy
  was weak and not willing to respond to events

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CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS

• October 14-October 28
• 1962

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CUBAN MISSLE CRISIS

• Kennedy, Khrushchev, Castro

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Missiles discovered by U-2 Surveillance planes

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• 90 miles from United States
• Missiles now 5 minutes away from united States

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy and ex-com proposed responses
• 4 options

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• OPTION 1
• Surgical air strikes

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• OPTION 2
• Tactical air strikes

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• OPTION 2
• Followed by invasion of Cuba

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• OPTION 3
• Blockade of Cuba

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• OPTION 4
• Negotiations

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X-COMM

• Robert F Kennedy
• Attorney General

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X-COMM
Robert McNamara Secretary of Defense

• R

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Dean Rusk Secretary of State
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McGEORGE BUNDY National Security Advisor
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Adlai Stevenson Ambassador to the United
Nations Director of CIA
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States Air Force Curtis LeMay Chief of Staff
United
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Dean Acheson Advisor to Ex-Com Republican Advisor
to President Eisenhower
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Advisor and Speech writer for JFK Ted Sorenson
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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Blockade was chosen as solution
• Kennedy addressed Nation

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Brinkmanship
• Ships stopped
• looks like someone blinked

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• U S received a telegram from Russia stating the
  Russian would withdraw weapons

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• If United States agreed not to invade Cuba

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Next day the U S received another message this
  one stronger called for removing missiles from
  Turkey

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy ignored second message agreed to first

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Crisis eased but not before the two Super Powers
  were so close to World War III

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FIGHTING THE COLD WAR

• Kennedy did agree secretly to remove obsolete
  missiles from Turkey six months later

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VIETNAM

• November 22,1963
• Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas Texas

http//video.google.com/videoplay?docid8598236943
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• Lyndon B Johnson is now President