A Seminar Presentation On AERODYNAMICS OF F1 RACING CAR

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A Seminar Presentation On AERODYNAMICS OF F1
RACING CAR

• Submitted By PRASHANTH D
• 1SJ07ME076

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• INTRODUCTION
• Engineered with perfection, the loud and
  aggressive Formula One (F1) racecar is the
  ultimate racing machine.
• Its reputation has been defined by its amazing
  speed and handling characteristics, which are for
  the most part, a product of its aerodynamic
  features.
• vehicle traveling at high speed must be able to
  do two things well i.e.. reduce air resistance
  and increase downforce.

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WHAT IS AERODYNAMICS ?

• Aerodynamics is the branch of dynamics that
  deals with the motion of air and other gaseous
  fluids and with the forces acting on bodies in
  motion relative to such fluids.
• In the term AERODYNAMIS, AERO stands for air,
  DYNAMICS denotes motion. Aerodynamics is an
  engineering science concerned with interaction
  between bodies and atmosphere.

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WHY WE NEED TO IMPROVE AERODYNAMICS IN F1 CARS

• SPEED
• better the aerodynamic design, higher will be
  their speeds.
• FUEL EFFICIENCY
• better aerodynamics , less work for engine.

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• Important Terms Involved Aerodynamics
• Weight Weight of a car is a measure of how
  heavy or light it is. Weight is a force dependent
  on objects mass. The mass of the object
  multiplied by the magnitude of gravitational
  field. This weight has a significant effect on
  the acceleration of the object.
• Lift Lift is created by movement of the air
  around an object. It is the sum of all fluid
  dynamic forces on a body normal to the direction
  of external flow around the body.

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• Drag Just as wind friction causes drag in an
  automobile, aerodynamic friction and displacement
  of air during creates aerodynamic DRAG. Drag
  occurs any time that air is displaced from its
  normal condition.
• Downforce Downforce is simply the force acting
  down on the ground. On our car we have a force
  which acts down on the ground to keep the car
  fixed to the track as it is going around corners.
• Thrust When a body is in motion a drag force
  is created which opposes the motion of the object
  so thrust can be the force produce in opposite
  direction to drag that is higher than that of
  drag so that the body can move through the fluid.
  

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The Forces that act on a F1 Car are

• Lift
• Drag
• Downforce
• Thrust

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Down force

• It is the negative lift
• A high-pressure region then develops on the upper
  side of the wing, creating a downward force.
  This pressure difference causes the net down
  force.
• Down force is necessary for maintaining speed
  through corners. Due to the fact that the engine
  power available today can overcome much of the
  opposing forces induced by drag, design attention
  has been focused on first perfecting the down
  force properties of a car then addressing drag.

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Wing theory

• Uses the same principle as an aircraft.
• Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses
  down-force.
• Drag- another important factor on an f1 car.

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Working Principle

• The basic principle behind this is the
  Bernoullis Principle.
• This principle can be used to calculate the lift
  force on the air foil, if the behavior of the
  fluid flow in the vicinity of foil is known.
• According to this principle, the pressure on the
  surfaces of the wings will be lower above than
  below. This pressure difference results in upper
  lift force, thus lift force can be calculated
  using this principle .

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FRONT WING

• Mainplane (1) running almost the whole width of
  the car suspended from the nose (4)

• Onto this are fitted two aerofoil flaps (2), one
  on each side, which are the adjustable parts of
  the wing

• On each end of the mainplane there are endplates
  (3)

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• Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the
  nose cones.
• Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow
  increasing down-force.
• Inside edges of the front wing endplates curved

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Rear wing

• Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each
  other by wing endplates.
• Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements.
• Lower aerofoil made up of single element.
• Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the
  sides of the wings.

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Figure Rear wing of Formula One racecar
Figure Comparison of wings for different tracks
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Figure Rear wings with separate aerofoil
elements
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Figure Induced drag - wingtip vortices on the
wings of an F1 car and airplane
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Figure End plates deflecting air around tires
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Wheels
Figure Airflow over entire car, specifically
drag on tires
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Diffuser

• Situated at the underside of the car behind the
  rear axle line.
• Consists of many tunnels and splitters to control
  airflow.
• Maximizes suction effect thus increasing
  down-force

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CFD Analysis F1 Car
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Technical Regulations Affecting Aerodynamic
Features In F1

• Weight of the car
• Overall width
• Overall height
• Front bodywork height

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Trends in maximumcornering force,during the past
50 years
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CONCLUSION

• Aerodynamics is now the most important item on
  the car which a team can actually change, because
  if you look at the tires, everyone has the same
  tires and the engine is homologated. So
  aerodynamics is the single biggest item we can
  change - the biggest performance item on the car.
• Although they may seem restricted by tight
  regulations, these regulations only add more
  challenge to the game that engineers must play.

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