Title: Parasitic Diseases in cultured fishes
1 Parasitic Diseases in cultured fishes
By
Dr. Mohamed S. Mohamed Marzouk Professor of Fish
Diseases and Management , Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Cairo University
2 Parasitic Diseases of cultured fishes
Common Parasites in cultured fishes
- Fish Protozoa (unicellular).
- Fish Helminthes (multi-cellular).
- Fish Parasitic Crustaceans.
3 Commom protozoa in cultured Fishes
1. Exteranl cilliated protozoa
- Ichthyophthirius multifillis
2. Internal fish protozoa
- Flagellated Hexamita spp.
4 5Ichthyophthirium multifilis trophozoit (Stained )
6Ichthyophonus multifillis (unstained)
7Stained Trichodina from skin mucus scraping
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9 Pathogenesis of external protozoa
Protozoal invasion
Skin cellular irritation
1. Abnormal swimming
2. Excessive mucus
Skin cellular destruction
1. Haemorrhages
2. Erosions and ulcers
3. C.T capsules (White spots).
10 Life cycle of Ichthyophthiriosis
11 Clinical signs
- Abnormal swimming ( Flashing, circling, sluggish
and itching ).
- Surfacing and gasping ( Asphyxia ).
- Excessive skin mucus ( patchy then generalized ).
- Pathognomonic white spots (Ichthyophthiriosis).
- Skin haemorrhages, erosions and ulcerations.
12 White spot disease
13Cryptocarion irritans infection in marine fish
14 Diagnosis of External parasitic Diseases
1. History ( new introduced fish, water
parameters,
2. Clinical signs and lesions.
- 3. Demonstration and identification of the
causative parasites - Skin and gill mucus scraping (wet mount).
- Stained skin and gill mucus smears.
15Treatment of External parasitic Fish Diseases
- External chemical treatment
- Dip treatment
- Bath treatment
- Flush treatment
- Indefinite bath treatment
- Non-chemical treatment
- Increase water temperature in White Spot disease
- Use of ultraviolet radiation in re-circulating
system
16Types of Chemical treatments
1. Disinfectants
- Pot. Permenganate.
- Malachite green.
- Formaline.
- Na Cl.
- Acriflavin.
- Methylene blue.
172. Pesticides
- Chlorinated Hydrocarbones.
- Organophosphates.
18Control of Fish diseases in infected fish farms
- In infected earthen ponds
- Drainage
- Dryness
- Disinfection using quick lime
- In infected concrete or fiberglass fish tanks
- Drainage
- Disinfection with strong antiseptics
19 Hexamitiosis
- Systemic infection caused by an internal
flagellated protozoa
Causative protozoa
20 Mode of infection and transmission
1. Infection through ingestion.
2. Transmission is from dead fish and
contaminated water body.
Pathogenesis
Hexamita is normal inhabitant of intestine
Large numbers
Small numbers
Systemic form
Intestinal destruction
No signs
Intestinal irritation
Hole in head
Excess mucus
Off food emaciation
21 Clinical signs
1. Off food.
2. Emaciation and tucked up abdomen.
3. Mucus shreds from the vent.
4. High mortality in severe cases.
5. Hole in the head in systemic form (Fistula
behind the head exuding white material).
22 Diagnosis
Clinical signs and lesions (Non-confirmative)
Laboratory ( Confirmative)
Sampling ( Intestinal mucus )
Quantitative (Count/ MF)
Qualitative
0 - 5 Negative 5 15
Mild 15 -30 Moderate 30
100 Severe More than 100 Marked
23 Treatment and control
2. Hexamiticides
1. Expulsion
Sulfonamides
Saline purgative (MgSO4)
- Aresenical (Carbersone).
- Murcurial (Calomel).
Can be used in food fishes
Not to be used in food fishes
24 Fish Helminthosis
Helminthes of fishes
Platy helminthes
Round worms
Trematodes
Cestodes
Larvae
A dults
25 Fish Trematodes
1. Monogenea
2. Digeanea
Adults
Gill flukes
Skin flukes
Encysted metacercaria
26 Gill flukes
1. Dactylogyridae
2. Cichlidogyridae
Cichilidogyrus tilapiae (C. tilapiae)
Dactylogyrus vastator (D. vastator)
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28 D. vastator
29C. tilapiae
30Gill fluke attached to fish gill filaments
31G. elegans
32Skin fluke attached to fish skin
33Haemorrhagic granuloma of Lernea copepode
342 egg sacs
Anchor
Lernea cyprinicae
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36Fish lice ( Argulus sp.) attached to fish skin
37Ventral view of Fish Lice
38Thank You