WHAT IS PHENYLEPHRINE?

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WHAT IS PHENYLEPHRINE?

• A powerful vasoconstrictor used to dilate the
  pupils, relieve nasal congestion and maintain
  blood pressure during anesthesia.

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PHENYLEPHRINE STRUCTURE
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• Physical state Liquid
• Color and Odor Colorless to yellow, odorless
• Melting point 145-146 o C
• Boiling/ Freezing point (o C) Approx. same as
  water
• pH 5.0
• Solubility Soluble in water (aqueous solution)

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STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

• This product is considered stable
• Materials to avoid acids, acid chlorides, acid
  anhydrides, butacine, alkalies, ferric salts, and
  oxidizing agents.
• Hazardous Decomposition Products When heated to
  decomposition, this product may emit very toxic
  fumes of POx, Na2O, HCl, and NOx.

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HOW DOES IT WORK?

• Phenylephrine shrinks swollen nasal tissue and
  opens up passages. Sinus drainage is increased by
  this.
• Phenylephrine is a decongestant. It works by
  constricting (shrinking) blood vessels (veins and
  arteries) in your body. Constriction of blood
  vessels in your sinuses and nose decreases
  congestion

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What is this medicine used for?

• This medicine relieves symptoms (runny nose,
  sneezing, throat irritation and itching watery,
  irritated, itchy, red eyes) from allergies.
• Long-term nasal congestion and headache are
  treated by phenylephrine

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HISTORY

• Pseudeophedrine, the old standby found in Sudafed
  and hundreds of other over-the-counter
  decongestants, can raise the blood pressure.
• Over the years, there have been reports of heart
  attacks, strokes, disturbed heart rhythms, and
  other cardiovascular problems with use of
  pseudeophrine.

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HISTORY

• Now, in response to laws that make it less
  convenient to buy pseudeophrine, some companies
  are replacing this ingredient with phenylephrine,
  a decongestant traditionally used in nasal
  sprays.
• Pfizer, who manufactured the name brand
  decongestant Sudafed introduced a new formulation
  in late 2004, Sudafed PE
• That uses phenylephrine instead of
  pseudeophendrine

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HAZARD DESCRIPTION

• Phenylephrine HCl may cause adverse CNS and
  cardiovascular reations and is a poison by
  ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous,
  intravenous, and intramuscular routes.
• NFPA ratings (scale 0-4)
• Health 1, Fire 0, Reactivity 0

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PRECAUTIONS

• Phenylephrine is contraindicated in patients with
  severe hypertension, ventricular tachycardia or
  those who are hypersensitive to it
• It should be used with extreme caution in
  geriatric patients, patients with
  hyperthyroidism, bradycardia, partial heart block
  or with heart disease.
• It is not a replacement for adequate volume
  therapy in patients with shock.

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SIDE EFFECTS

• At usual doses, a reflex braducardia, CNS effects
  (excitements, restlessness, headache) and rarely,
  arrhythmias are seen. Blood pressure must be
  monitored to prevent hypertension.
• Extravasation injuries with phenylephrine can be
  serious (necrosis and sloughing of surrounding
  tissue)

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Reasons to call healthcare provider immediately

• Signs of a life-threatening reaction. These
  include wheezing tightness in the chest fever
  itching bad cough blue skin color fits
  swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat.
• Chest pains, fast heartbeats, passing out,
  fainting, or severe headache.
• Any rash.
• No improvement in condition or feeling worse.

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Synthesis Scheme
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Main Scheme
Benzaldehyde
3-bromo- benzaldedhye
Benzene
3-hydroxybenzaldehyde
3-hydroxybenzene ethanol
3-hydroxystyrene
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3-hydroxybenzene ethanol
3-(2acetaldehyde)-phenolate
3-(2-ethanol)- phenolate
3-hydroxybenzene- (2-bromo)acetaldehyde
3-(2-bromo-N-methyl-ethylimine)-phenol
3-hydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde
H2/Pd
3-(2-bromo-N-methyl-ethylamine)-phenol
3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol