SOLAR CARS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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SOLAR CARS

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Title: SOLAR CARS


1
SOLAR CARS
2
AN OVERVIEW
  • Powered by suns energy
  • Solar array collect the energy from the sun and
    converts it into usable electrical energy
  • Power trackers convert it into the required
    voltage
  • Motor controller sends power to the motor
  • Divided into five
  • Driver Controls Mechanical Systems
  • Electrical System
  • Drive Train
  • Solar Array
  • Body and Chassis

3
Borealis III Raycing with the Sun - Photo by
Colin Burnett
4
DRIVER CONTROLS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
  • Standard features
  • Steering
  • Precise steering alignment
  • SUNRUNNER utilized a rack and pinion system that
    was attached to the steering arms by means of tie
    rods
  • Brake
  • Designed to move freely by eliminating brake drag
  • Hydraulic disc brakes
  • Regenerative braking

5
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6
  • Suspension
  • front suspension- MacPhearson struts or double A
    arms
  • MacPhearson strut requires a large vertical
    clearance
  • Double A arms require less vertical clearance,
    but consist of more components
  • rear suspension is a trailing arm, similar to
    that in motor cycles
  • Wheels
  • rolling resistance
  • three or four wheels
  • wheel designs are similar to those of bicycle
    tires

7
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
  • Made up of batteries and power electronics
  • Batteries
  • Lead-Acid
  • Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH)
  • Nickel-Cadmium (NiCad)
  • Lithium Ion
  • Tesseract uses 512 li-ion batteries

8

Energy Flow Diagram of a Solar Car
9
  • Peak Power Trackers
  • maximize the power
  • protect the batteries from being damaged by
    overcharging
  • efficiencies above 95
  • Motor Controllers
  • decides how much current actually reaches the
    motor
  • up to 90 efficient

10
DRIVE TRAIN
  • Consist of the electric motor and the means to by
    which the motor's power is transmitted the wheel
  • power generated is less than 5 hp
  • only one wheel in the rear of the car is driven
    by the electric motor
  • motor types
  • brushed DC
  • dual winding DC brushless
  • induction

11
  • Dual-winding DC brushless
  • used as an electronic transmission
  • Types of transmissions
  • variable ratio belt drive
  • hub motor

12
SOLAR ARRAY
  • made from silicon, by joining an n-type and a
    p-type semiconductor
  • grouped into space grade and terrestrial grade
    categories
  • Encapsulation
  • Array
  • SUNRUNNER'S array consisted of 14,057 razor-blade
    sized, 16 efficient space grade cells.

13
Solar array
14
LIMITATIONS
  • Only 1000 W/m2 of energy reaches the earths
    surface in an hour of peak sun
  • average solar array configuration spans 8m²
  • total amount of energy hitting the solar car
    during peak sun is 8KWh/m²
  • average solar cells are only able to convert 12
    to 18 to electricity
  • the total amount of converted energy available to
    a car consists of 700-1500 Watts
  • three primary areas of energy loss consist of
  • aerodynamic drag, braking, and rolling resistance

15
BODY CHASSIS
  • goals
  • minimize the aerodynamic drag
  • maximize the exposure to solar insolation
  • minimize weight
  • maximize safety

16
  • Body Shapes
  • Unified aero body and panel
  • Fixed or tilting, flat panels with a separate
    driver cab
  • Catamaran shape
  • uniquely designed shape
  • MAIZE BLUE and SUNRUNNER are catamaran shaped.

17
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18
  • Chassis
  • space frame
  • welded tube structure to support the loads and
    the body
  • body is a lightweight, non-load bearing,
    composite shell
  • Semi - monocoque or carbon beam
  • composite beams and bulkheads to support the
    loads
  • integrated into a non-load bearing composite
    belly pan
  • monocoque
  • uses the body structure to support the loads

19
MATERIALS USED
  • composite material
  • combination of a filler material sandwiched
    between layers of a structural material
  • structural materials
  • Carbon fibre, Kevlar and fibre glass
  • filler materials
  • Honeycomb and foam
  • bonded together using epoxy resins

20
FALLING SHORT
  • characteristics that a commercially viable car
  • extremely reliable
  • comfortable
  • be able to function on its own
  • maintain the required speed
  • amenities such as air conditioning, radio, and
    power locks and windows
  • Solar cars
  • Limited seating capacity
  • Frequent flat tyres
  • Often was incapable of maintaining highway speeds

21
THE FUTURE
  • IN THE SHORT TERM
  • terrestrial application of the rovers that NASA
    uses in space
  • Data collection in a hot, sun rich area
  • Carry-over of expertise
  • substantial advances to the design of electric
    vehicles
  • better motors, better use of batteries, and
    better motor controller design
  • composite hull car
  • spread the word about the use of harnessing solar
    power

22
IN THE LONG RUN
  • Electric car
  • Increase in petroleum prices
  • short distance commutation
  • improvements

23
THANK YOU
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