Petrochemicals

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Petrochemicals

• Presentation by
• FOZIA ALI BANAWAZ
• Chemistry Dept.DCW VIII

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Contents

• Natural Resources of Organic compounds
• 1.Coal,
• 2.Natural gas,
• 3.Petroleum
• Reserviors of fossil fuels
• Petrochemical Industry

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PETRO-CHEMICALS

• Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from
  petroleum. Some chemical compounds made from
  petroleum are also obtained from other fossil
  fuels such as coal or natural gas, or renewable
  sources such as corn or sugar cane.

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CLASSIFICATION

• Primary petrochemicals are divided into three
  groups depending on their chemical structure

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CLASS 1

• Olefins includes ethylene, propylene, and
  butadiene. Ethylene and propylene are important
  sources of industrial chemicals and plastics
  products. Butadiene is used in making synthetic
  rubber.

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CLASS 2

• Aromatics includes benzene, toluene, and xylenes.
  Benzene is a raw material for dyes and synthetic
  detergents, and benzene and toluene for
  isocyanates MDI and TDI used in making
  polyurethanes. Manufacturers use xylenes to
  produce plastics and synthetic fibers.

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CLASS 3

• Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and
  hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol.
  Ammonia is used to make the fertilizer urea and
  methanol is used as a solvent and chemical
  intermediate.

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Etymology

• The prefix "petro-" is an arbitrary abbreviation
  of the word "petroleum" since "petro-" is
  Ancient Greek for "rock" and "oleum" means "oil".

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Flow chart
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Flow chart
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Flow chart
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Products from petroleum

• Petrochemicals
• Polymers Fibers
• Petroleum
• Chemicals
• Healthcare

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• Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural
  processes such as anaerobic decomposition of
  buried dead organism
• The age of the organisms and their resulting
  fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and
  sometimes exceeds 650 million years. The fossil
  fuels, which contain high percentages of carbon,
  include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

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• Energy Information Administration that in 2007
  primary sources of energy consisted of petroleum
  36.0, coal 27.4, natural gas 23.0, amounting
  to an 86.4 share for fossil fuels in primary
  energy consumption in the world

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The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³)
of oil per year
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OIL REFINERY
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REFINING OF PETROLEUM
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Major products

• Liquified petroleum gas (LPG)
• Gasoline (also known as petrol)
• Naphtha
• Kerosene and related jet aircraft fuels
• Diesel fuel
• Fuel oils
• Lubricating oils
• Paraffin wax
• Asphalt and tar
• Petroleum coke

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1 BARREL42 GALLONS159 LTRES
Product Gallons per Barrel
gasoline 19.4
diesel home heating oil 9.7
kerosene-type jet fuel 4.3
residual fuel oil 1.9
liquefied refinery gases 1.9
still gas 1.8
coke 2.0
asphalt and road oil 1.4
petrochemical feedstock 1.1
lubricants 0.5
kerosene 0.2
other 0.4
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