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The Crusades

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The Crusades Europe s Unsuccessful Takeover of the Holy Land The Holy Land Jerusalem The Sacred City For Jews, it is the spiritual capital which Solomon s ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Crusades


1
The Crusades
  • Europes Unsuccessful Takeover of the Holy Land

2
The Holy Land
  • Jerusalem The Sacred City
  • For Jews, it is the spiritual capital which
    Solomons Temple once stood.
  • For Muslims, it is believed to be the place where
    Muhammad rose to heaven
  • For Christians it is the place where Jesus Christ
    was crucified and rose from the dead.
  • Jerusalem was under Muslim rule since the 7th
    Century.

3
Pilgrimage A journey to a holy site
  • During the Middle Ages religious faith led
    pilgrims travel long distances. They sought
    cures to illnesses, forgiveness of sins and to
    show their devotion to God.
  • Travel was dangerous and difficult robbers were
    a constant threat.

4
Pilgrims
5
Precursor to Crusades
  • By 1095, Turks advance borders to within 100
    miles of Constantinople
  • Byzantine Emperor seeks help from Pope.
  • Pope Urban II calls on European Kings to send
    nobles to drive back Muslims and reclaim Jerusalem

6
Motivations for Crusaders
  • Nobles wanted to gain new lands
  • Power and Influence
  • Faith many wore a red Cross on their chest to
    symbolize devotion
  • Crusades Latin word crux meaning cross
  • Merchants earn money through trade

7
1st Crusade 1099 C.E.
  • Muslims were surprised
  • Christians were not as advanced, but Muslims were
    divided and weakened by war
  • French and Norman Knights took Jerusalem
  • Crusaders massacred Jews, Muslims and even
    Christians living in the city
  • Survivors sold into slavery
  • Jerusalem remained Christian for 80 years

8
2nd Crusade 1148 C.E.
  • German and French invaders were beaten badly by a
    more organized Muslim defense.

9
3rd Crusade 1187-1192 C.E.
  • Salah al-Din, Sultan of Egypt recaptured
    Jerusalem for the Muslims
  • Does not slaughter Christians, he lets them pay
    for their freedom
  • For this, he was well respected in Europe

10
3rd Crusade (Continued)
  • King Richard I of England (Richard the Lionheart)
    fought Salah al-Din for Jerusalem
  • Both armies weakened by fighting
  • Stalemate outside city walls peace treaty

11
Short Term Affect of the Crusades
  • After 10 Crusades and over 100 years, Europeans
    only controlled Jerusalem briefly after the first
    Crusade.

12
Long term Affects of the Crusades
  • They weakened the remaining Byzantine Empire and
    left it open to Turkish attack.
  • European kings gained authority while lords were
    on the Crusades.
  • Contact with the Byzantines, the Muslims and
    Jewish communities in the East led to a greater
    interest in learning.
  • Created demand for good from the East
    silk,spices, lemons and cloth. (This demand for
    goods also led to a demand for NEW TRADE ROUTES.)
  • The Crusades help to breakdown feudalism in
    western Europe.

13
Reconquista
  • Christians plan to retake Spain from Muslim rule
  • Muslims, Jews and Christians lived in some cities
    together in peace

14
Reconquista (Continued)
  • Muslims were divided and the Christians once
    again took advantage of weakness
  • Cordoba and Toledo captured by Christians
  • Granada remained Muslim till 1492

15
Inquisition
  • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella wanted to unite
    Spain as a Catholic country
  • Muslims and Jews forced to convert were now
    called into question by judges
  • Inquisitors used torture to find out if converts
    were practicing old religion
  • Thousands were burned at the stake
  • Nearly 200,000 Jews were expelled from Spain

16
Inquisition
  • Circa 1500, A prisoner undergoing torture at the
    hands of the Spanish Inquisition.
  • Monks in the background wait for his confession
    with quill and paper.
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