Pest Management for Master Gardeners

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Pest Management forMaster Gardeners

• Jim Jasinski IPM Program
• Ohio State University Extension

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Integrated Pest IPM Management

• Combines the best control tactics to reduce
  reliance on pesticides, minimize environmental
  effects, and keep pests at an acceptable level
• Does not rely on any one tactic more than others
• Exhaust other options before pesticide use

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Integrated Pest IPM Management

• Not a pesticide free system
• Pesticides should be used at appropriate times
• Not the same as Organic
• Restrictions on synthetic pesticides and
  fertilizers

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Integrated Pest IPM Management

• What is a pest?
• Some organism, weed, insect, animal, disease,
  etc., growing or living in a place we dont want
  it to be.
• Pest or not?
• Ladybugs
• Dandelions
• Corn smut

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INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT Control Categories
PESTICIDES
MONITOR
BIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL
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Integrated Pest Management
Use of a variety of tactics to control pests
below an acceptable level
1. Cultural control Those tactics that you can
implement to reduce pest pressure 2. Biological
control - The benefit of other animals, insects,
arthropods, diseases in controlling pests 3.
Chemical control The use of pesticides
(insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides) to
control a pest
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Control Methods - Cultural

• Plant Tolerance / Resistance
• -Natural ability of plants to fight off or
  withstand insect feeding, disease, virus, adverse
  weather conditions, etc.
• -Available for nearly all plant material

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Rotation
• -Move plant materials around.
• Break up Disease Insect life cycles
• Know the family of plants, i.e., tomatoes,
  potatoes, egg plant - all the same family -
  rotate away from the whole family

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Sanitation
• Remove excess plant material (to a compost pile?)
• Incorporate remaining plant material into soil to
  accelerate breakdown
• Amend soil as needed

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Mechanical
• Brick (somewhat messy), Hand Picking (icky),
  Glove, Hosing
• Somewhat effective, can be time consuming, need
  to be repeated

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Exclusion
• Row Covers, Plastic Collars, Coffee Tins, Milk
  Jugs, Netting
• Prevents insects from cutting or eating plant
  material
• Remember to remove!!!
• Bee-ware of Bees Duties!!

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Control Methods - Cultural
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Control Methods - Cultural

• Traps in general
• Work 24/7
• Good early warning system for some insects
• Sticky Traps
• Used mainly for monitoring
• Traps males and females
• Traps beneficial and pest insects

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Pheromone Traps in general
• Work 24/7
• Good early warning system for
• some insects
• Pheromone Trapping
• Pheromone Sex Attractants
• Used mainly for monitoring
• Traps only the males of a
• specific species

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Control Methods - Cultural

• Traps in general
• Work 24/7
• Good early warning system for some insects
• Combo Traps
• Use Pheromones Scent
• Catch males and females
• Potentially draws more insects
• to a crop than it traps
• Successful???

Gemplers 2000 catalog
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Control Methods - Biological

• Conservation
• Minimize disturbances to the area, attain natural
  balance
• Use softer or targeted insecticides if
  possible
• Recognize the role of Ground Beetles, Spiders,
  Virus, Fungi, etc.
• Encourage
• Plant nectar pollen source flowers to attract
  insects
• Augment- add insect wild life
• - Ladybugs, Lacewings, Praying Mantids, Parasitic
  Wasps, etc.
• - Immediate effectiveness???

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Ladybugs
Iowa State University
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Ladybugs
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Green lacewings
Iowa State University / Minnesota Dept. of
Agriculture
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Praying mantids
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Ground beetles
Iowa State University
Midwest Vegetable Insect Man.
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Parasitic WaspsAttack eggs larvae
NCR pub 471
NCR pub 471
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Parasitic WaspsAttack larvae
NCR pub 471
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Parasitic WaspsAttack pupae
NCR pub 471
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Parasitic WaspsAttack aphids
NCR pub 471
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Parasitic FliesAttack eggs larvae
NCR pub 471
NCR pub 471
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Spiders
Audobons Insects Spiders
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Fungi, Bacteria, Viruses
NCR pub 471
Midwest Insect Vegetable Management
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Nematodes

• Different kinds
• Entomopathogenic, plant parasitic, free living

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Control Methods -Chemical

• N Soaps-K salt of fatty acids
• N Oils-Dormant
• Botanicals-Rotenone, Neem, Pyrethrums, Sabadilla
• N Microbials-Bt, Milky spore
• Pyrethroids-Permethrin, Resmethrin,
  Esfenvalerate
• Neonicitinoids Admire, Thiamethoxam
  Acetamiprid, Clothianidin
• Macrocyclic lactones -Spinosid,
  Emamectin,Benzoate, Abemectin, Mibemectin
• IGR - Buprofezin, Azadirachtin, Cyromazine,
  Novaluron, Pyriproxifen Tebufenozide,
  Methoxyfenozide
• OCs-Methoxychlor
• OPs-Diazinon, Orthene, Malathion
• Carbamates-Sevin

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Pesticide Update

• Dursban (Chlorpyrifos)
• Most homeowner uses, indoor outdoor have been
  cancelled
• Sale to retailers stopped Feb 1, 2001
• Sale to consumers stopped Dec. 31, 2001

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Pesticide Update

• Diazinon
• All homeowner outdoor uses indoor uses will be
  cancelled
• Indoor uses
• Sale to consumers stopped Dec. 31, 2002
• Outdoor uses
• Sale to retailers stopped Aug 31, 2003
• Sale to consumers stopped Dec. 31, 2004

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Pesticide Update

• Methoxychlor
• All homeowner uses suspended
• January 14, 2000
• Broad spectrum fruit and vegetable insecticide
• Lindane-homeowner uses cancelled???
• Kelthane-homeowner uses cancelled???

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What should we recommend?

• There are no major health or safety concerns
  about using up existing product (though
  anti-pesticide groups are stating otherwise).
• Caution against purchasing and hording Dursban or
  Diazinon products. Both have good shelf life,
  but further restrictions may result in costly
  disposal problems.
• Many companies substituting permethrin for the
  active ingredient but not changing the brand
  name, many cases lower efficacy.

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Ohioline fact sheet Striped cucumber beetle
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Ohioline Fact Sheet Striped cucumber beetle

• Recommended chemicals include rotenone,
  methoxychlor, malathion and carbaryl applied
  according to label directions and safety
  precautions.

This publication contains pesticide
recommendations that are subject to change at any
time. These recommendations are provided only as
a guide. It is always the pesticide applicator's
responsibility, by law, to read and follow all
current label directions for the specific
pesticide being used. Due to constantly changing
labels and product registration, some of the
recommendations given in this writing may no
longer be legal by the time you read them. If any
information in these recommendations disagrees
with the label, the recommendation must be
disregarded. No endorsement is intended for
products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for
products not mentioned. The author, The Ohio
State University and Ohio State University
Extension assume no liability resulting from the
use of these recommendations.
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Garden Center SurveyOrganic Pesticides

• Bts, Rotenone, Neem oil, Sulfur Chewing insects
• Pyrethrin Permethrin, Pyrethrin PBO flying
  insects
• Paraffinic oil, Volck oil, Sulfur early season
  plant protection from mites
• Diatomaceous Earth, Orthoboric acid crawling
  insects / pests
• K fatty acid soaps Aphids, mites
• Capsaicin, Eugenol repellents?
• Limonene pet pests

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Garden Center SurveySynthethic Pesticides

• Allethrin PBO, Resmethrin, Tetramethrin,
  Permethrin, Tralomethrin, Esfenvalerate,
  Cyfluthrin, Bifenthrin (Pyrethroids) Broad
  spectrum, flying insects, chewing insects
• Metaldehyde slug bait
• Carbaryl broad spectrum, chewing
• Acephate, Cygon, Disulfoton, Imidacloprid
  systemic, broad spectrum, sucking and chewing
  insects
• Diazinon, Malathion broad spectrum, chewing and
  sucking insects

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Control Methods - Chemical

• Attempt softer solutions 1st
• Oils, Soaps, Bts
• Narrow vs. Broad spectrum
• Rotate insecticide classes
• Prolongs the onset of resistance
• Not just Brand name Bug Killer X
• Pay attention to Active Ingredient

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INSECTICIDE RESISTANCEHow Does it Occur?
STEP ONE Mixed population to start
with Repeated spraying, lack of insecticide
rotation Huge reproductive capacity short life
cycle
S
R
S
S
R
S
S
R
S
S
S
R
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INSECTICIDE RESISTANCEHow Does it Occur?
STEP TWO susceptible individuals are killed.
S
R
S
S
R
S
S
R
S
S
S
R
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INSECTICIDE RESISTANCEHow Does it Occur?
STEP THREE resistant individuals reproduce
giving rise to a resistant strain within the
species.
R

R
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INSECT MANAGEMENTIPM Approach
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
CULTURAL
Threshold
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Integrated Pest Management IPM

• Based on Information
• -Monitoring
• Identification
• -Thresholds
• Action Plan
• -Evaluation

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Monitoring
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Monitoring

• Where do you look?
• Under, on, and in leaves
• On and in stems
• On and in fruit
• On and in the soil, etc.
• When do you look?
• Morning
• Afternoon
• Evening
• Night

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Monitoring

• How often do you look?
• Hourly
• Daily
• Every few days
• Weekly
• Biweekly
• Establish a routine.
• What is your level of commitment?

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Identification

• Most insects are benign or beneficial...
• Recognize pests

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Thresholds

• Amount of damage that can be sustained before
  some action is taken.
• Economic based on large scale production, where
  profit or loss from crop value and input costs
  can be calculated
• Example gt12 grubs / sq. foot on turf, more than
  1 ECB per corn plant, gt 3 stand loss, etc.

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Economic Thresholds
Yield 200 bushels, Price 2 /
bushel Insecticide treatment 16
_10 _8 _6 _4 _2 _0
Insect population
Damage
Time
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Thresholds

• Amount of damage that can be sustained before
  some action is taken
• Aesthetic subjectively prefer not to have that
  much damage on plant, no economic justification
  per se
• Example 1 hornworm on a tomato plant, a few
  caterpillars feeding on tree, some aphids on a
  rose, etc.

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TREEAGEA Plant Health Care Concept

• Three Plant Problem Categories
• GROUP 1 plant will survive and thrive without
  intervention efforts.
• GROUP 2 plant will not thrive or survive with
  the application of the best available
  intervention efforts.
• GROUP 3 plant can survive and thrive if
  intervention efforts are focused on increasing
  plant health through pest and disease management
  practices.

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TREEAGEA Plant Health Care Concept

• GROUP 1 plant will survive and thrive without
  intervention efforts.
• Example Nipple galls on Oak leaves

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TREEAGEA Plant Health Care Concept

• GROUP 2 plant will not thrive or survive with
  the application of the best available
  intervention efforts.
• Example Cutworms that have attacked a seedling
  tomato or pepper plant

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TREEAGEA Plant Health Care Concept

• GROUP 3 plant can survive and thrive if
  intervention efforts are focused on increasing
  plant health through pest and disease management
  practices.
• Example Gypsy moth larvae feeding on Oak tree
  leaves

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Evaluation

• How well did the actions you took work?
• Are you satisfied with the result?
• Re-use the tactic, modify the tactic, or change
  the tactic?