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Basic Biomechanics, 5th edition by Susan J' Hall, Ph'D'

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Title: Basic Biomechanics, 5th edition by Susan J' Hall, Ph'D'


1
Basic Biomechanics, (5th edition)by Susan J.
Hall, Ph.D.
Chapter 2 Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human
Motion ?????????
2
What is anatomical reference position?
  • erect standing position with all body parts
    facing forward
  • considered the starting point for all body
    segment movements

3
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4
Directional terms
  • superior closer to the head
  • inferior farther away from the head
  • anterior toward the front of the body
  • posterior toward the back of the body

5
Directional terms
  • medial toward the midline of the body
  • lateral away form the midline of the body
  • proximal closer to the trunk
  • distal away from the trunk

6
Directional terms
  • superficial toward the surface of the body
  • deep inside the body away from the surface

7
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8
Reference planes
  • sagittal plane - in which forward and backward
    movements occur
  • frontal plane - in which lateral movements
    occur
  • transverse plane - in which rotational
    movements occur

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10
Reference axes
  • mediolateral axis - around which
  • rotations in the sagittal plane occur
  • anteroposterior axis - around which
  • rotations in the sagittal plane occur
  • longitudinal axis - around which
  • rotational movements occur

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12
Forms of motion
Linear motion motion along a line
  • Rectilinear motion (along a straight line)
  • Curvilinear motion (along a curved line)

13
Forms of motion
Angular motion rotation around an axis
14
Forms of motion
General motion a combination of linear and
angular motion (includes most human motion)
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16
What is a mechanical system?
  • a body or portion of a body that is
  • deliberately chosen by the analyst
  • examples throwing arm, kicking leg, the trunk
    during performance of a lift, the entire body
    during performance of a maximal vertical
    jump

17
What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
  • flexion
  • extension
  • hyperextension
  • dorsiflexion
  • plantar flexion

18
What movements occur in the sagittal plane?
19
What movements occur in the frontal plane?
  • abduction adduction
  • lateral flexion
  • elevation depression
  • inversion eversion
  • radial ulnar deviation

20
What movements occur in the frontal plane?
Abduction
Adduction
21
What movements occur in the transverse plane?
  • left right rotation
  • medial lateral rotation
  • supination pronation
  • horizontal abduction adduction

22
What movements occur in the transverse plane?
23
Spatial Reference Systems
  • useful for standardizing descriptions
  • of human motion
  • most commonly used is the Cartesian
  • coordinate system
  • human body joint centers are labeled
  • with numerical x and y coordinates

24
Spatial Reference Systems
Cartesian coordinates of the hip
25
Spatial Reference Systems
Coordinates can be both positive and negative.
26
Qualitative Analysis Prerequisite Knowledge
  • What is the purpose of the skill?
  • What are the causes of performance errors?
  • How can knowledge be gained?
  • experience in performing the skill
  • reading available literature
  • attending conferences and workshops

27
Qualitative Analysis Planning
  • What is the question to be answered?
  • From what perspective(s) (angle and
    viewing distance) should the movement be
    viewed?
  • How many observations should be taken?

28
Qualitative Analysis Planning
  • What plans should be made for
  • performer attire
  • lighting conditions
  • background
  • use of video

29
Qualitative Analysis Conducting the Analysis
30
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31
Chapter 2 Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human
Motion
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