WORKSHOP ON ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT NUCLEAR SMUGGLING

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WORKSHOP ON ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT NUCLEAR
SMUGGLING

• EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN
  COMBATTING NUCLEAR SMUGGLING

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Membership in Universal Treaties

• The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
  Weapons / NPT (1995).
• Comprehensive Nuclear-test-ban Treaty / CTBT
  (1998).
• Convention on the Prohibition of the Development,
  Production and Stockpiling Of Bacteriological
  (Biological) And Toxin Weapons And On Their
  Destruction / BWC (2005).
• Convention on the Prohibition of Military or any
  Hostile Use of Environmental Modification
  Techniques (1978).
• Convention On the Prohibition of the Development,
  Production, and Stockpiling of Chemical Weapons
  and on their Destruction / CWC (1993).
• The Convention on the Physical Protection of
  Nuclear Material (1996).
• Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Central
  Asia / CANWFZ.

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Membership in Universal Treaties (continuation)

• Agreement between the Republic of Tajikistan and
  IAEA for the Application of Safeguards in
  Connection with the Treaty on the
  Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
  (INFCIRC/153). Ratified by the Parliament on 25
  November 2004
• Additional Protocol to the Agreement between the
  Republic of Tajikistan and the IAEA for the
  Application of Safeguards in Connection with the
  Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
  Weapons (INFCIRC/540). Ratified by the Parliament
  on 25 November 2004
• Amendment to the Agreement between the Republic
  of Tajikistan and IAEA for the Application of
  Safeguards in Connection with the Treaty on the
  Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Small
  Quantity Protocol) (2006).

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International Cooperation

• The NRSA closely cooperates with several
  international
• Organizations, including
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
• International Science and Technology Center
  (ISTC)
• Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
• Argonne National Laboratory
• Monterey Institute (USA)
• Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
• Russian Academy of Sciences
• Nuclear Society of Russia
• And with regulatory authorities of IAEA member
  States

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Declarations Submitted to the IAEA for the
Application of Safeguards in Connection with the
NPT

• Since 2005 Tajikistan has submitted 24
  declarations on the status of nuclear materials
  within its borders.
• These declarations include
• Argus Research Reactor (Physical and Technical
  Institute)
• 3 former mines (Taboshar, Adrasman, 3,2 km west
  of Khudjand)
• Mining and Milling plant in Chkalovsk. 10 tons
  U3O8 (Vostokredmet)

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Illicit Trafficking

• In 2004, 2006 and 2007 Tajikistan arrested
  individuals attempting to sell radioactive
  sources. (Beryllium and Cs-137).
• The Republic of Tajikistan is undertaking a
  number of efforts to combat the smuggling of
  nuclear materials
• Upgrading facilities at border crossings
• New Tajik Border Guard Academy
• Participating in international training programs

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Regulatory Infrastructure

• Radiation safety in Tajikistan is based on
• The Law on Radiation Safety (June, 2003)
• The Law on Utilisation of Atomic Energy
  (November, 2004).
• There are currently 4 laws and 6 regulations on
  radiation safety in Tajikistan, and new
  regulations are under development.
• Incorporation of the Code of Conduct into the
  countrys legislation is underway.
• Although well-developed, the legislative and
  statutory framework for radiation safety in
  Tajikistan is not yet fully compatible with
  international standards.
• No practice-specific codes of practice have been
  produced as yet.

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Regulatory Infrastructure

• Tajikistan is working to create a unified control
  system and to develop the technical and
  organizational infrastructure necessary to
• Prevent unauthorized access to, theft, or damage
  of radioactive and nuclear material.
• Recover lost or stolen radioactive and nuclear
  materials.
• Ensuring the security of radioactive and nuclear
  materials in all stages of their life cycle is
  obligatory for users.

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Nuclear and Radiation Safety Agency (NRSA)

• NRSA is the executive state regulatory authority
  and state coordinating body, and is responsible
  for
• Licensing activities involving the use of nuclear
  energy
• Establishing standards and regulations relating
  to radiation safety, physical protection,
  emergency planning, and accounting and control of
  nuclear material and ionizing radiation sources
• Supervising compliance with radiation safety
  standards and regulations and licensing
  conditions
• Prescribing qualifications for personnel employed
  at facilities using nuclear energy
• Determining proper handling procedures for
  ionizing radiation sources subject to licensing

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Emergency Management Operations

• NRSA has established a system in Tajikistan to
  promptly activate an offsite response in the
  event of an emergency

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Emergency Management Operations

• USER Follow accident response plans and alert
  the appropriate authorities
• CES CD GRT Search, localize, identify the risks,
  participate in clean-up
• MIA RT Cordon-off the area and carry out
  investigation
• NRSA AS RT Dosimetric control, verification of
  radioactive sources, identify owner, and
  determine course of action
• State Commission of the Republic of Tajikistan on
  Emergency
• Situations Coordinate actions on emergency
  situation liquidation with CES CD GRT , NRSA AS
  RT, RSES, and military of Civil Defense
• RWDS Disposal of Radioactive Sources

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National Registry of Radioactive Sources

• NRSA is developing an inventory of all radiation
  sources, in cooperation with the U.S. Nuclear
  Regulatory Commission.
• Compared existing inventory from 2005 with
  currently available sources.
• Performed several inspections of organizations
  which use radioactive sources.
• Included in this registry are
• Sealed sources (S)
• Unsealed sources (U)
• Generators of ionizing radiation (G)
• Facilities, containing sources (sources which are
  located inside the facilities) (A)

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National Registry of Radioactive Sources
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National Registry of Radioactive Sources
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National Registry of Radioactive Sources
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National Registry of Radioactive Sources
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National Registry of Radioactive Sources
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Medicine - 433 (including generators X-ray
devices)Industry 324Research 329
Total 1086
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National Strategy for Orphan Sources

• NRSA and Republican Chemical and Radiometric
  Laboratory of CES CD are carrying out searches
  for orphan sources
• Searches of the North and West of Tajikistan
  completed searches of East and South continuing.
  
• Former Soviet military bases also monitored.
• More than 200 orphan sources already found,
  including 4 radioisotope thermoelectric
  generators (RTGs).
• NRSA submits notifications to IAEA Illicit
  Trafficking Database.

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National Strategy for Orphan Sources

• NRSA and Sandia National Laboratories have worked
  together since 2006 through the Global Search and
  Secure Program
• Several sets of equipment delivered
• NRSA, Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil
  Defense (CES CD), industrial and medical
  organizations, and other specialists trained to
  perform site searches

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National Strategy for Orphan Sources

• The following sources are considered lost

• level gage BGI-1
• density gage
• Radioisotope unit RIO-3-1
• Gauge for gas leakage KSG-2 -2
• 2 RTGs

• level gage BGI-4
• gauge for gas leakage KSG-2
• calibrating instruments 4
• Radioisotope unit BIS-M-2-2

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Training of staff

• Due to limited domestic resources the Republic of
  Tajikistan is seeking to train qualified
  regulatory, law enforcement, and emergency
  response specialists abroad
• Has participated in IAEA training courses,
  workshops, fellowships and scientific visits
• Tajikistan currently lacks an institution
  offering specialized training in the field of
  radiation protection

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Physical Protection Of Radioactive Sources

• With the help of IAEA and DoE physical protection
  was improved at three sites
• Republic Waste Disposal Site (RWDS)
• Republican Clinical Oncology Centre (RCOC)
  Radoitheraupetic department
• Tajik State National University (TSNU) Gamma
  laboratory
• Radiation controls established, and lighting, an
  alarm system, guards, and police security
  provided

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Republican Waste Disposal Site (RWDS)

• All used radioactive materials and sources are
  disposed in RWDS, located in Faizabad 45 km from
  Dushanbe
• Security upgrades at RWDS
• Fence, guard tower, alarm system and radio
  communication provided facility refurbished.
• Plans exist for further extensive security
  improvements to RWDS

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• Security at the
• Republican Waste Disposal Site

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Closure of Gamma Unit Building, Faculty of
Physics, TSNU
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Control Panel, Republican Clinical Centre of
Oncology
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Alarm System at Centre of Oncology
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Ongoing Efforts

• Formalizing the export control regime, improving
  licensing, strengthening relevant institutions,
  and providing training for export control
  personnel.
• Completing the registry of radioactive sources in
  accordance with IAEA standards.
• Proposing and facilitating the revision, as
  applicable, of laws and regulations on ensuring
  the safety and security of radioactive sources in
  line with IAEA standards.
• Strengthening the licensing process for users of
  radioactive sources.

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Ongoing Efforts

• Searching for and securing orphaned sources,
  including any missing (RTGs) in cooperation with
  the IAEA and DOE.
• Upgrading physical security at the Republican
  Center for Radioactive Waste Burial Working in
  cooperation with the IAEA and DOE.
• Working to sustain security improvements at the
  Gamma Laboratory of the Tajik State National
  University and the Department of Radiology of the
  Republican Clinical Centre of Oncology.
• Participating in the IAEA Model Project on
  Upgrading Radiation Protection Infrastructures
  and successor projects.

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Ongoing Efforts

• Further developing personnel training capacity at
  the Tajik Border Guard Academy, building on
  assistance provided by the U.S. Department of
  State Bureau for International Narcotics and Law
  Enforcement Affairs (INL).
• Installing and integrating communications
  equipment provided by the international
  community.
• Continue clarifying standard operating procedures
  that specify the respective roles and
  responsibilities of various agencies responding
  to nuclear smuggling incidents, as well as
  improving coordination and communication among
  these agencies.

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Ongoing Efforts

• Arresting and prosecuting nuclear smugglers to
  the full extent of the law.
• Taking the necessary steps in support of the
  relevant UN Security Council resolutions and
  international treaties which support the battle
  against nuclear proliferation.
• Continuing to report on illicit trafficking of
  nuclear and radioactive materials to the IAEA
  Illicit Trafficking Database Program.
• Investigating and prosecuting cases of
  corruption.

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• THANK YOU FOR YOUR
  ATTENTION
• Ilkhom Mirsaidov
• Head
• Department of Information
• and International Relations
• Republic of Tajikistan
• Tel [phone]
• Fax[phone]
• E-mail agentilhom_at_mail.ru
• Web-sire www.nrsa.tj