SOCIAL WORK in EUROPE

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SOCIAL WORK in EUROPE
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Welfare State in Europe

• The rise of social work practice in Europe
• Second half of the 19th century
  industrialization
• Charity linked to Catholicism, Lutheranism,
  Calvinism
• Second industrialisation wave beginning of 20th
  century
• rush to the cities, increase population, widely
  spread epidemics
• Tensions, pressure and needs
• Socialism as the movement of labour forces
• Anarchism as a movement
• Feminist movement
• Demand for universal suffrage
• Wage claim
• Security against illness, unemployment, pension,
  child protection
• The rise of organisations/movements dealing with
  the structural causes and the relief of the needs
• World War 1 and 2 reorganisation of Europe and
  further establishing of Social Work structures

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Welfare State in Europe

• 2. Characteristics of the first social help
• private
• individual related
• charitable
• Curative
• Origin of social work practice in Turkey?
• What is missing in comparison to SW of today in
  Europe?

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Welfare State in Europe

• What is missing in comparison to SW-practice of
  today in Europe?
• Aspects/dimensions
• Structural
• Preventive
• Educative
• Emancipative
• Social Work(broad sense of the word)
• a)Social work and social counseling
• Social institutions welfare system
• social security
• Social aid
• b) Socio-cultural work
• Social and cultural education (adult ed,
  continuous ed, lifelong learning)
• Democracy citizenship community development
• Youth Work
• c) Occupational social work HRM
• d) Social pedagogical work

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Social Work
The social work profession promotes social
change, problem solving in human relationships
and the empowerment and liberation of people to
enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human
behaviour and social systems, social work
intervenes at the points where people interact
with their environments. Principles of human
rights and social justice are fundamental to
social work.
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Welfare State in Europe

• 2. Social work education in Europe
• Three important changes in society
• social problems in the society become more
  explicit and officially recognized
• The civil society became more and more structured
  
• Human sciences developed during the 20th century
  
• Social work is a profession, different from a
  vocational training and making use of and
  contributes to different disciplines Philosophy,
  Psychology, Sociology, (Ped)agogy, economy, Law,
  History
• Origin of Social Work Education in Turkey?

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Welfare State

• The modern welfare state is a European invention
  - in the same way as the nation state, mass
  democracy, and industrial capitalism. It was born
  as an answer to problems created by capitalist
  industrialization it was driven by the
  democratic class struggle and it followed in the
  footsteps of the nation state (Flora 1986XII)

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Welfare actors

• Conceptual triangle

Law and regulations
state
Provision of welfare
Business and economic activity
Mediating structures
market
civil society
Effects if one of the actors plays first fiddle?
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Welfare mix

• Theory of social policy different scenarios of
  providing care en care services
• 2. National welfare regimes, with different
  state traditions and different approaches to
  citizenship
• 3. The combinations of - a defined political
  believe and culture with
• - a defined social policy and
• - a defined economical situation gives welfare
  regime

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Welfare Regimes

• Social democrat - emphasis on state
  responsibility
• -gt Scandinavian
• -gt Communist Russia and former East European
  countries
• 2. Liberal emphasis on the market
• -gt Residual Anglo-American
• 3. Conservative emphasis on the community
• -gt Corporatist Middle European
• -gt Rudimentary South European
• How is Social Work seen in each of the regimes?

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Welfare Regimes

• The Middle European Model
• Social integration an opportunity for human
  development produced by a solidaristic civil
  society (corporations, communities) supported
  subsidiary by the state
• Social market Economy

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Welfare Regimes

• The Middle European Model
• ?? Social Work
• helping people to organize different kinds of
  self-help in their living world (Lebenswelt) in
  order to provide a setting for social integration
  and human growth based on the idea of
  civilization (Bildung)
• An expression of a solidaristic caring civil
  society

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Welfare Regimes

• The Anglo-American Model
• Managing and solving problems of the poorest of
  the poor and very needy people in accordance with
  the principle of individual self determination
• Open Capitalism

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Welfare Regimes

• The Anglo-American Model
• ?? Social Work
• helping people to solve their every day problems
  by therapies, guidance and counselling
• Entity of various problem-solving methods and
  techniques of guidance and counselling connected
  to the principles of human rights

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Welfare Regimes

• The Nordic Model
• Social security for all people provided by the
  State through comprehensive systems of national
  insurance and welfare services
• State Capitalism/ Market Socialism

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Welfare Regimes

• The Nordic Model
• ?? Social Work
• helping people to use the complex system of
  benefits and services according to their rights
  and needs
• An instrument of social policy in terms of
  promoting welfare equality and social security
• How is a social worker named in each of the
  regimes ?

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Late-Modern Social Work

• Globalization free movement of capital,
  information and political activities in an inter-
  and supranational context without recognizing
  national borders
• Effects on Social Life?
• Consequences on Social Work?

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Late-Modern Social Work

• Consequences on Social Life and social work
• Importance of National welfare regimes have
  decreased
• Understanding and constructions of the clients
  context and situation also from a global
  perspective and not only from a national,
  regional or local perspective
• New problems - Global problems
• International market of social care services
• SW defined in terms of economy and business
• Increase if economical, political and daily life
  insecurity all over the industrialised countries
• Peoples daily life as well as such social
  problems as poverty, criminality and domestic
  violence are increasingly influenced by the
  complexity of the society.

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Late-Modern Social Work

• Consequences on Social Work Practice
• Decrease of National welfare regimes
• Globalisation neo-liberal economic policy
• Free competition is the best and most effective
  way to organise economic life and social life
• SW will achieve maximum efficacy and the best
  quality through competition

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Late-Modern Social Work

• Consequences on Social Work Activities
• Managerialism as an expression of Late-Modern
  Social Work Ideology
• Work style project oriented, requiring
  information technology, networking skills and
  ability
• Emphasis on technical issue at the cost of moral
  issues

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Late-Modern Society

• Europeanisation
• European Union unification of Europe without
  war, based on economical co-operation from 6 to
  12 to 25 member states 3 candidates (BG, RO ,
  TR)
• Principles
• stable and democratic government
• institutions providing respect for the
  constitution and for the Human rights
• Instruments
• - European legislation
• - economic co-operation
• - co-operation in all fields derived from economy

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Late-Modern Society

• Europeanisation
• 2. Council of Europe co-operation within a
  European context, based on a common cultural
  heritage common political
• Principles Democracy Human Rights
• 46 member states, TR is included
• Instruments Recommendations consultation,
  deliberation

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Late-Modern Society in a Global World Scenario

• Mundialisation
• Globalisation free movement of capital,
  information and political activities in an inter-
  and supranational context without recognizing
  national borders
• Effects and consequences on Social Life and
  Social Work Practice?

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Late-Modern Social Work in the Global World
Scenario

• Consequences on Social Work
• Decrease of National welfare regimes
• Globalisation neo-liberal economic policy
• Free competition is the best and most effective
  way to organise economic life and social life
• SW will achieve maximum efficiency and the best
  quality through competition

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Consequences on Social Life and social work
practice

• Impacts on understandings and constructions of
  the clients context and situation also from a
  global perspective and not only from a national,
  regional or local perspective
• New problems - Global problems
• International market of social care services
• SW defined in terms of economy and business
• Increase of economical, political and daily life
  insecurity all over the industrialised countries
• Peoples daily life as well as such social
  problems as poverty, criminality and domestic
  violence are increasingly influenced by the
  complexity of the society.

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Consequences on Social Work Activities

• Managerialism as an expression of Late-Modern
  Social Work Ideology
• Economic an managerial issues play more and more
  fundamental roles in habitus of SW
• Work style project oriented, requiring
  information technology, networking skills and
  ability
• Emphasis on technical issues at the cost of
  moral issues
• Economic interest and rationality prevails on
  warm, direct contacts
• SW is an economic good and can be managed and
  sold

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Late-Modern Welfare regimes

• Conclusion there seems to be one winner. The
  Anglo-American model seems to swallow the other
  traditions

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Welfare actors

• Conceptual triangle

Law and regulations
state
Mediating structures Unions, Employers
Provision of welfare
Business and economic activity
market
civil society
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Late-Modern Welfare regimes

• Other tendencies in late modern society
• The more global, the more regional
• The more Europe, the more local
• The more international, the less identification
• The social class approach of the civil society
  (Social partners Trade unions, Employers
  federation social dialogue, corporatism)
  changed into civil dialogue (NGOs, CBOs)

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Late-Modern Welfare actors The development of
the mid-field
state
Peoples every day life
Collective interests
Community
Life spheres
Mediating structures NGOs, CBOs
market
civil society
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Late-Modern Society in a Regional context

• The Civil Society redesigned
• Reconstruction of social life J. Habermas
• 1. Strong and autonomous groups
• - able to balance excessive concentration of
  power
• - create civility of which social diversity and
  pluriformaty is essential
• - based on the notion of tolerance in stead of
  competition
• - intermediating between individuals and large
  impersonal structures of modern society

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Late-Modern Society in a Regional context

• The Civil Society redesigned
• 2. Developing the moral and value related
  dimension of the civil society through the
  activation of the social capital cement of the
  society
• 3. Regionalisation as a meaningful context for
  identification

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Late-Modern Welfare regime
state
regionalisation
globalisation
Peoples every day life
Community
Life spheres
Mediating structures
market
civil society
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Late-Modern Social Work in a Regional context

• The Social Work redesigned?
• Challenges for SW?
• Solidarity new style as a strategy
• Diversity as a key concept
• Competences related to values and ethics as a
  basic attitude
• Education in the perspective of lifelong learning

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The Social Work Education redesigned?

• Challenges for SW Education?
• On competences based curriculum
• Modularisation
• International dimension mobility
  internationalisation of the curriculum
• Diversity as a key concept in education
• Values and ethics assessed as a basic attitude
• Continuous quality assurance
• Education in the perspective of lifelong learning

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Sources 1 Reverda, N., (2004), Regionalisering
en mondialisering, Een cultuur-sociologische
analyse van het regionale perspectief in een
Europese context, Eburon Delft 2 Hamalainen, J.,
Social Care Services and Social Work in
transition, in Locating Occupational Space for
Social Work International Perspectives, British
Association of Social Workers, 2003, Venture
Press 3 Esping-Anderson,G. (Ed) 1996 Welfare
States in Transition. Sage. 4 LORENZ, W. (1994),
Social Work in a changing Europe, Routledge,
London, ISBN 0-415-07808-3 5 Campanini Annamaria,
Frost Elizabeth ,( 2004) European Social Work,
Commonalities and Differences, Carocci, Roma, 6
Agten, J, (1998) The European Dimension of Social
Work in Tempus Report SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN
EUROPE, THREE YEARS of TEMPUS CO-OPERATION 1995 -
1998 7 Agten, J., (2004) Social Work in Europe,
Speech on the occasion of the Social Work
Conference in Turkey 4-6 November 2004
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