MILITARY%20JUSTICE

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(No Transcript)
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MILITARY JUSTICE
OFFICE OF THE STAFF JUDGE ADVOCATE
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AGENDA

• THE COMMANDERS TOOLS
• ADVERSE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS
• ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATION ACTIONS (Chapters)
• INVESTIGATING CRIME MISCONDUCT
• NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENT (ART. 15s)
• THE COURT-MARTIAL PROCESS
• THE ARTICLE 15 AND CHAPTER PROCESS

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THE COMMANDERS TOOLS
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ADVERSEADMINISTRATIVE ACTIONS

• Counseling Admonition
• Para. 1-16, AR 635-200, counseling
• Memorandum of Reprimand
• Revoke Pass Privileges
• Corrective Training
• Rehab. Transfer
• NCOER

• Flag
• Bar to Reenlistment
• Removal From Promotion List
• Administrative Reduction in Rank
• Administrative Separation

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ADMINISTRATIVE REPRIMAND

• AR 600-37 AR 190-5
• Purposes
• Procedures
• Drafting and Initiating
• Notice and Rebuttal
• Disposition OMPF v. Local File
• Appeals
• DUI General Officer Memo of Reprimand

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BAR TO REENLISTMENT

• Discretionary Grounds
• Untrainable
• Unsuitable
• Mandatory Grounds
• Lack of family care plan
• Unsat progress in weight control program
• 2x APFT failures
• Removed for cause from NCOES course
• Periodic Review every 3 months

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REMOVAL FROM PROMOTION LIST

• AR 600-8-19
• E-2 to E-4 Commander Decides
• E-5 and E-6 Local Board Decides
• E-7 and Up Recommend to PERSCOM
• Substandard duty performance or misconduct
• Overweight plus
• no satisfactory progress in 6 months, or
• still exceeds body fat after 12 months

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ADMINISTRATIVE REDUCTION

• AR 600-8-19
• Authority to Reduce
• E-1 thru E-4 - Company Commander
• E-5 thru E-6 - Bn Commander (LTC)
• E-7 above - Bde Commander (COL)
• Grounds
• Civilian Court Conviction
• Inefficiency
• Procedures (E-5 above get board w/in 30 days)

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MISCELLANEOUS ACTIONS

• REVOCATION OF PASS PRIVILEGES (nonpunitive)
• REHAB. TRANSFER
• CORRECTIVE (EXTRA) TRAINING
• AR 600-20, para. 4-6b
• Purpose To correct deficiencies
• Must be directly related to deficiencies
• FLAGS (Suspension of Favorable Actions)
• AR 600-8-2
• When to Impose
• Three Types Regular Weight Control APFT
  Failure

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ADMINISTRATIVE SEPARATION ACTIONS

• CHAPTERS
• (How to Fire a Soldier From His or Her Job)

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SEPARATIONS COMMON ISSUES

• Admin Separation Youre Fired
• Honorable v. General Discharge v. OTH
• Para. 1-16 Counseling (magic language)
• Medical Exam
• Separation Board
• OTH recommended or
• 6 or more years active and reserve service
• Processing Time

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PARA 1-16 COUNSELING
Pursuant to paragraph 1-16, AR 635-200, this
constitutes a formal counseling session
concerning your noted deficiencies. You will be
given a reasonable period of time to correct
these deficiencies and to rehabilitate yourself
into a productive, satisfactory soldier. If your
performance and conduct continue to be
unsatisfactory, you may receive punishment under
Article 15, UCMJ, or may be processed for
separation under the provisions of Chapter 5, 9,
11, 13, 14, or 18, AR 635-200. If you are
processed for separation under the provisions of
AR 635-200 you may receive a general discharge or
an other than honorable discharge. Each type of
discharge may have serious consequences affecting
civilian employment, Veterans Benefits or future
service in the Armed Forces.
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REHABILITATION

• Required for Chapter 11, 13, 14-12a, and 14-12b
  separations
• Trainees - recycled at least once
• Other than trainees - locally reassigned between
  battalions
• Waivers
• By separation authority - if rehab transfer will
  serve no useful purpose or produce a quality
  soldier
• E.g., two consecutive APFT failures, pregnancy
  while in entry-level status, highly disruptive or
  potentially suicidal behavior, and active
  resistance of rehab efforts

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TYPES OF CHAPTERS

• Parenthood (Family Care Plan) (Ch. 5-8)
• Personality Disorder (Ch. 5-13)
• Other Designated Physical or Mental Conditions
  (Ch. 5-17)
• Dependency or Hardship (Ch. 6)
• Fraudulent Entry (Ch. 7)
• Alcohol/Drug Abuse (ADAPCP Failure) (Ch. 9)
• In Lieu of Trial by Court-Martial (Ch. 10)

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TYPES OF CHAPTERS

• Entry Level Status Performance and Conduct (Ch.
  11)
• Unsatisfactory Performance (Ch. 13)
• Conviction by a Civilian Court (Ch. 14-5)
• Minor Disciplinary Infractions (Ch. 14-12a)
• Pattern of Misconduct (Ch. 14-12b)
• Commission of a Serious Offense (Ch. 14-12c)
• Homosexuality (Ch. 15)
• Failure to Meet Body Fat Standards (Ch. 18)

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PARENTHOOD (CH. 5-8)

• Procedure
• Initial counseling by commander on Family Care
  Plan (checklist on DA Form 5305-R, per AR 600-20,
  para. 5-5)
• Follow-up counseling 30 days later, with either
  failure to provide plan or memo from soldier
  saying plan not possible.
• No Medical or Mental Exam Needed
• Separation Authority Bde Commander
• Types of Discharge Honorable or General

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PERSONALITY DISORDER (CH. 5-13)

• Procedure
• Para. 1-16 Counseling
• Mental Evaluation by certified psychologist/
  psychiatrist a deeply ingrained maladaptive
  pattern of behavior of long duration that
  interferes with the soldiers ability to perform
  duty.
• No Medical Exam Needed
• Separation Authority Bde Cdr
• Type of Discharge Honorable

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OTHER PHYSICAL OR MENTAL CONDITIONS (CH. 5-17)
Procedure Para. 1-16 counseling Chance to
Rehabilitate Mental or Medical Evaluation
Other physical or mental conditions not
amounting to disability that potentially
interfere with assignment to or performance of
duty. Separation Authority Bde Cdr Type of
Discharge Honorable
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DEPENDENCY OR HARDSHIP (CH. 6)
Procedure Voluntary Dependency - family member
becomes dependent upon soldier as a result of a
death in family Hardship - separation will
materially affect the care of soldiers family by
alleviating undue and genuine hardship Supporting
evidence - affidavits Separation Authority Bde
Cdr Type of Discharge Honorable or General
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FRAUDULENTENLISTMENT (CH. 7)
Deliberate material misrepresentation, omission,
or concealment of information which, if known by
the Army, might have resulted in
rejection Procedure No para 1-16 counseling No
medical or mental exam needed Separation
Authority Bde Cdr Type of Discharge Honorable,
General or OTH
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ENTRY LEVEL PERFORMANCE CONDUCT (CH. 11)
Procedure Initiate within initial 180 days of
soldiers service Para 1-16 counseling No Medical
or Mental Exam Needed Separation Authority Bn
Cdr Type of Discharge Uncharacterized
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UNSATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE (CH. 13)

• Procedure
• Para 1-16 Counseling/Rehabilitative transfer
• Required for two consecutive APFT failures and
  elimination for cause from NCOES course
• Medical and Mental Exam required
• Separation Authority Bn Cdr
• Types of Discharge Honorable or General

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CONVICTION BY CIVILIANCOURT (CH. 14-5)

• Required
• Civilian Conviction
• Civilian sentence of 6 or more months, even if
  suspended/probation, or
• Punitive discharge would be authorized at C-M for
  the type of offense committed.
• No Para. 1-16 Counseling needed
• Separation Authority GCMCA
• Types of Discharge Honorable, General or OTH

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PATTERNS OF MISCONDUCT (CH. 14-12b)

• Procedure
• Para 1-16 Counseling/Rehabilitative transfer
• Evidence of Misconduct Article 15s, Letters
  of Indebtedness, Bounced Checks, Bar, Negative
  Counseling, etc..
• Mental Medical Exams
• Separation Authority Bde Cdr
• Types of Discharge Honorable, General, or OTH

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COMMISSION OF SERIOUS OFFENSE (CH. 14-12c)

• Required
• Serious Offense
• Any offense for which punitive discharge is
  authorized by the MCM at court-martial
• Includes disobedience!
• Mandatory initiation rules for drug use
• No Para. 1-16 Counseling needed
• Mental Medical Exams
• Separation Authority Bde Cdr
• Types of Discharge Honorable, General, or OTH

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HOMOSEXUALITY (CH. 15)

• CALL US FIRST!
• S.A.M.
• Statement
• Act
• Marriage within same sex
• Commanders Inquiry
• Administrative Board - waivable

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FAILURE TO MEET BODY FAT STANDARDS (CH. 18)

• Four Ways to Fail (AR 600-9)
• Unsat Progress in 6 months (3-8 lb./mo.)
• Unsat Progress in 2 consecutive months
• Overweight again in 12 months following release
• Overweight again 12-36 months following release
  after 90 day warning
• Para 1-16 Counseling
• Medical Exam
• Separation Authority Bn Cdr
• Type of Discharge Honorable

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INVESTIGATION OF CRIME AND MISCONDUCT

• Searches Seizures
• Inspections
• Confessions Admissions

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INVESTIGATIONS

• Who should investigate?
• Commander
• Commanders Inquiry
• AR 15-6 Investigation (Formal and Informal)
• MPI
• CID
• Search Seizure
• Warrant/Authorization to search required
• No warrant required
• Consent search
• Plain view
• Inspection (not a search)

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COMMANDERS AUTHORIZATION TO SEARCH

• Commander
• Cdr who owns the place
• Neutral detached (search conducted by third
  party).
• Military Magistrate as an option
• Probable Cause Determination
• A reasonable belief (more likely than not) that
  certain specific evidence of a crime is probably
  in the place to be searched.
• Reliable information from reliable source

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INSPECTIONS

• Primary Purpose Health, Welfare, Morale --
  Not to collect evidence
• Not a Search in the legal sense
• Inspect everyone the same
• Examples
• Barracks HW
• Car Inspections
• Unit Urinalysis
• Subterfuge Rule

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STATEMENTS OF SUSPECTS

• Article 31 Warnings are mandatory for
• Official
• Questioning
• of a Suspect
• Use DA Form 3881
• Sworn Statement on DA Form 2823
• Commander administers oath

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SUPPORTING DOCUMENTSFOR ARTICLE 15

• Use DA Form 2823 for sworn statements
• Include copy of all evidence - SOPs, etc.
• In counseling statements include who, what,
  where, when and how
• Corroborate witness statements
• Not necessary to cite UCMJ Article or follow
  sample specifications in MCM

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NONJUDICIAL PUNISHMENTARTICLE 15, UCMJ

• Procedure - Appendix B, AR 27-10
• Not a Guilty Plea
• Rights Spokesperson (except summarized),
  documents/witnesses/evidence, open hearing.
• Min. 48 hours to decide, consult counsel
• Appeals. 5 days to submit. JAG review. Command
  has 5 days to act.
• Filing - Often more important than the
  punishment for NCOs.
• Vacation of Suspended Punishments

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AUTHORIZED PUNISHMENTS ARTICLE 15, UCMJ

• Field Grade
• Reduction
• E5-E6 1 Grade
• E1-E4 Red. to E1
• 1/2 mo. pay for 2 mos.
• 45 days of extra duty
• 45 days restriction

• Summarized
• 14 days extra duty
• 14 days restriction
• Company Grade
• Red. 1 grade (E1-E4)
• Forfeit 7 days pay
• 14 days extra duty
• 14 days restriction

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THE ARTICLE 15 ANDCHAPTER PROCESS

• Compile evidence
• Submit with Request for Legal Action to Bn S-1
• Bn S-1 logs action, adds additional documents
  (ERB, 2-1, etc.) and forwards to OSJA
• OSJA receives action, reviews for completeness,
  logs action, and prepares packet

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THE ARTICLE 15 ANDCHAPTER PROCESS

• Trial Counsel reviews packet
• Packet sent back to unit, thru Bn S-1
• Action is read to soldier
• Soldier goes to TDS - MWF 0830-1100
• Soldier makes election of rights and action is
  returned to unit for completion
• Action returned to OSJA for final processing

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THE COURT-MARTIAL PROCESS
WHY A SEPARATE MILITARY JUSTICE SYSTEM? UNIQUE
DISICPLINARY NEEDS EFFICIENCY IN A SPARTAN
ENVIRONMENT WORLD-WIDE JURISDICTION
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LEGAL BASIS OF MILITARY JUSTICE
U.S. CONSTITUTION Article I, Section
8--Congress Article II, Section
II--President UCMJ (10 U.S.C SECTIONS
801-946) MANUAL FOR COURTS MARTIAL Rules for
courts Martial Rules of Evidence REGULATIONS CASE
LAW
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THE MILITARY COURT SYSTEM
TRIAL COURTS Summary Court-Martial (SCM) Special
Court-Martial (SPCM) Special Court-Martial
empowered to adjudge a Bad Conduct discharge
(BCD-SPCM) General Court Martial (GCM)--Felonies
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SUMMARY COURT-MARTIAL

• Enlisted Personnel Only
• Convened by Bn Cdr or higher
• Members Summary Court-Officer
• Max Punishments
• Red to E-1 (E-4 and below)
• Red of 1 Grade (E5 - E7)
• Confinement for 1 Month (E4 and below)
• 45 days hard labor w/o conf (E4 and below)
• 2 months restriction
• Forfeiture of 2/3 pay for 1 month

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BCD-SPECIAL COURT-MARTIAL

• Convened By GCMCA
• Members
• Max Punishments
• Red to E1
• 6 Months Confinement
• Forfeit 2/3 pay for 6 months
• Bad Conduct Discharge
• Goes on record as federal misdemeanor conviction

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GENERAL COURT-MARTIAL

• Convened By GCMCA
• Members
• Article 32 Investigation
• Max Punishment
• Red to E1
• Confinement (depending on offense)
• Total Forfeiture of Pay and Allowances
• Dishonorable Discharge/Dismissal
• Death (depending on offense)
• Goes on record as federal felony

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THE MILITARY COURT SYSTEM
APPELLATE COURTS Courts of Criminal
Appeals Review all cases involving punitive
discharge or confinement in excess of one
year. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed
Forces Review all cases involving the death
penalty and cases which it certifies for
review. United States Supreme Court
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THE PLAYERS
COMMANDERS STAFF JUDGE ADVOCATE TRIAL COUNSEL
(Prosecutor) TRIAL DEFENSE COUNSEL (TDS) MILITARY
JUDGE CIVILIAN DEFENSE COUNSEL LEGAL
SPECIALISTS MILITARY POLICE/CID
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COURT-MARTIAL PROCESS

• Offense Occurs
• Investigation
• Pretrial Restraint, Restriction, or
  Confinement?
• Preferral
• Transmittal
• Article 32 Investigation (GCM Only)
• Referral

• Arraignment
• Motions
• Trial
• Findings
• Sentencing
• Unit Support Requirements
• Bailiffs
• Prisoner Escorts

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INITIATION AND DISPOSITION OF CHARGES
Reported Offense Commanders Inquiry Dispose of
Offense in a TIMELY MANNER at the LOWEST
APPROPRIATE LEVEL
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PRETRIAL RESTRAINT CONFINEMENT

• Pull Pass Privileges
• Pretrial Restriction
• Identify restriction tantamount to confinement
• Pretrial Confinement
• Who can order it
• Conditions warranting PTC
• Cdrs written review (PTC checklist)
• Magistrates review within 48 hours

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CONDITIONS WARRANTING PTC

• Probable Cause
• and
• Foreseeable that
• Will not appear at trial (flight risk), or
• Will engage in serious criminal misconduct and
• Lesser forms of restraint inadequate.

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COMMANDERS OPTIONS
No Action Dismiss Charges Administrative
Action Counsel Reprimand Separation Nonjudicial
Punishment Prefer and Forward Charges
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PRE-TRIAL PHASE
PREFERRAL RECOMMENDATIONS AS TO
DISPOSTITION ARTICLE 32 HEARING (GCM
ONLY) REFERRAL DISCOVERY AND PREPARATION NEGOTIATI
ONS ARRAIGNMENT
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TRIAL PHASE
PANEL IS SEATED VOIR DIRE GOVERNMENT CASE DEFENSE
CASE REBUTTAL DELIBERATIONS SENTENCING
CASE SENTENCING DELIBERATIONS
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POST-TRIAL PHASE
GCMCA ACTION APPELLATE REVIEW APPEAL PROBATION/PAR
OLE
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• POINTS OF CONTACT
• TRIAL COUNSEL
• CPT CRESSLER - 3-5524
• CPT FELLRATH - 3-0569
• NCOIC
• SGT CARROLL - 3-0570
• LEGAL SPECIALISTS
• SPC BROWN - 3-0597
• PVT REEP - 3-0597
• PARALEGAL
• MR. DOUTHIT - 3-5313