Naming Acids

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Naming Acids

• Chemistry 11
• Mrs. Kay Ms. Cleary

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Acids

• When these compounds dissolve in water they
  produce hydrogen ions.
• The concentration of hydrogen ions produced is
  related to its molarity (simple ratios)
• HCl ? H Cl-
• 2M 2M 2M
• pH of acids is directly related to the amount of
  dissociation of the hydrogen.

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Binary Acids (made of 2 elements only)

• Prefix is always hydro
• Name the second element with the suffix? ic
• Example HCl hydrochloric acid
• 3. To indicate the compound is dissolved in
  water, (aq) which stands for aqueous is written
  after the compound. HCl (aq)

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Practice
Name Formula
Hydrobromic acid
HF
Hydroiodic acid
HBr
Hydrofluoric acid
HI
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Strong Acids

• These acids dissociate 100 in water, which makes
  them different from other weaker acids (has to do
  with pH, not concentration)
• You need to memorize them
• Sulfuric acid, H2SO4
• Nitric acid, HNO3
• Hydrochloric acid, HCl
• Hydroiodic acid, HI
• Hydrobromic acid, HBr
• Perchloric acid, HClO4
• dissociation HNO3 ? H NO3-

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Tertiary acids (made up of 3 elements)

• H -ate polyatomic ion If the acid has an -ate
  polyatomic ion after the H, that makes it an -ic
  acid. H2SO4 is sulfuric acid.
• H -ite polyatomic ion When the acid has an
  -ite polyatomic ion after the H, that makes it an
  -ous acid. H2SO3 is sulfurous acid.

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• I ate live and I said ic

HClO4 Perchloric acid One extra oxygen
HClO3 Chloric acid Normal formula
HClO2 Chlorous acid One less oxygen
HClO Hypochlorous acid Two less oxygen
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Anion Acid Name
Hypo ______ite Hypo _____ous acid
_______ite _______ous acid
_______ate ________ic acid
per_______ate per_______ic acid
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Examples
NO3 1- Nitrate HNO3 Nitric acid
CO3 2- Carbonate H2CO3 Carbonic acid
SO4 2- Sulfate H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
PO4 3- Phosphate H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
C2H3O3 1- acetate HC2H3O3 Acetic acid
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Practice
Name Formula
HNO2
Carbonic acid
H3PO4
Acetic acid
H2SO3
Nitrous acid
H2CO3
Phosphoric acid
CH3COOH
Sulfurous acid