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The Flow of Fresh Water

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The Flow of Fresh Water Chapter 11 Think about it! What are three factors that affect the rate of stream erosion? Gradient, Discharge, and Load Stages of a River ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Flow of Fresh Water


1
The Flow of Fresh Water
  • Chapter 11

2
Rivers Agents of Erosion
  • Many years ago there was a vast plain in the
    southwestern U.S.
  • Over the years the Colorado River cut out the
    Grand Canyon
  • This was done by erosion.

3
Grand Canyon
4
Grand Canyon
5
Grand Canyon
6
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7
Erosion
  • The process by which soil and sediment are
    transported from one location to another.

8
Erosion can be caused by
  • Wind
  • Rain
  • Ice
  • Snow

9
Wind
10
Rain
11
Ice
12
Snow
13
The Water Cycle
  • The continuous movement of water from the ocean,
    to the air, to the land, then back to the ocean.

14
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15
Some Water Cycle Words to know
  • Evaporation When water from oceans, lakes, and
    other places on Earths surface turns in to water
    vapor and rises into the atmosphere.
  • Condensation When water vapor cools and changes
    into water droplets that form clouds

16
More Words
  • Precipitation When rain, sleet or snow falls to
    the Earth.
  • Percolation When water moves through pores in
    the earths surface into the ground
  • Runoff Precipitation that flows over land into
    streams and rivers. This water later enters
    oceans.

17
Now you try!
  • On the next slide, label all of the words below.
  • Evaporation
  • Condensation
  • Percolation
  • Runoff
  • Precipitation

18
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19
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation
Percolation
Runoff
20
Think about it!
  • How does the water cycle help develop river
    systems?

21
Think about it!
  • How does the water cycle help develop river
    systems?
  • The water cycle causes continuous movement of
    water between the Earths surface and the
    atmosphere. The flow of water to the oceans
    creates river systems.

22
River Systems
  • A tributary is a small stream that flows into a
    lake, or a larger stream.

23
Watershed
  • A watershed is an area of land that is drained by
    a water system.
  • The largest in the U.S. is the Mississippi
    Watershed.

24
Think about it!
  • Which of the following drains a watershed?
  • a. A divide
  • b. A drainage basin
  • c. A tributary
  • d. A water system

25
Other Watersheds
  • Columbia
  • Rio Grande
  • Colorado

26
Divide
  • A divide is an area of higher ground that
    separates water sheds from each other.

27
How does this divide separate the U.S. and its
watersheds?
28
Channel
  • A channel is the path that a stream follows.
  • A new stream will have a narrow, steep channel.
  • An older stream will have a wider, and deeper
    channel.

29
The Ability to Erode
  • Gradient Measure of change in elevation over a
    certain distance
  • Discharge The amount of water a stream or river
    carries
  • Load The material carried by a stream

30
Gradient
  • The steeper a stream is the more erosive energy
    it has

31
Discharge
  • The more water a river will discharge the more
    erosive power it will have.

32
Load
  • Load the materials carried by a stream. The
    size of a streams load is affected by the
    streams speed..
  • Fast large particles
  • Slow Smaller particles

33
Think about it!
  • What are three factors that affect the rate of
    stream erosion?

34
Think about it!
  • What are three factors that affect the rate of
    stream erosion?
  • Gradient, Discharge, and Load

35
Stages of a River
  • Rivers go through a life cycle.
  • Youthful
  • Mature
  • Old

36
Youthful
  • Youthful rivers have a steep gradient, a steep
    and narrow channel, and many waterfalls. The
    channel will erode deeper, rather than wider.
  • Ex Yellowstone River in Yellowstone National
    Park, Wyoming

37
Mature
  • Mature Rivers have a gradient that is not as
    steep as a youthful river. They have few falls
    and rapids. They will erode wider rather than
    deeper.
  • River in Peru

38
Old
  • Old rivers have a low gradient and little erosive
    energy. They deposit rather than erode.
  • Do you think Old Rivers would contribute to
    flooding in an area?

39
Rejuvenated Rivers
  • Rejuvenated rivers are mature rivers that have a
    steeper gradient due to land rising because of
    tectonic activity.

40
Think about it!
  • Which stage of river development is characterized
    by flat flood plains?

41
Think about it!
  • Which stage of river development is characterized
    by flat flood plains?
  • Old rivers
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