Title: America Becomes A Colonial Power
1America Becomes a Colonial Power
Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NY
2H-O-H Why did America join the imperialist club
at the end of the 19c?
31. Commercial/Business Interests
U. S. Foreign Investments 1869-1908
41. Commercial/Business Interests
American Foreign Trade1870-1914
52. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan ? The Influence of Sea Power on
History 1660-1783
63. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White MansBurden
The Hierarchyof Race
74. Religious/Missionary Interests
American Missionariesin China, 1905
85. Closing the American Frontier
9Hawaii "Crossroads of the Pacific"
10U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church first built in the late 1820s
11U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
12Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
13U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
- 1875 Reciprocity Treaty
- 1890 McKinley Tariff
- 1893 Americanbusinessmen backed anuprising
against Queen Liliuokalani. - Sanford Ballard Dole proclaims the Republic of
Hawaii in 1894.
14To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
15Japan
16Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan 1853
The Japanese View of Commodore Perry
17Treaty of Kanagawa 1854
18Gentlemans Agreement 1908
- A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports
tolaborers entering the U.S. - Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude
Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsissued by
other countries. - The U.S. government got theschool board of San
Francisco to rescind their order tosegregate
Asians in separateschools.
- 1908 ? Root-Takahira Agreement.
19Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine 1912
- Senator Henry CabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA)
- Non-European powers,like Japan, would
beexcluded from owningterritory in the
WesternHemisphere.
20Alaska
21Sewards Folly 1867
7.2 million
22Sewards Icebox 1867
23Cuba
24The Imperialist Taylor
25Spanish Misrule in Cuba
26Valeriano Weylers Reconcentration Policy
27Yellow Journalism Jingoism
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to Frederick Remington You furnish
the pictures, and Ill furnish the war!
William Randolph Hearst
28De Lôme Letter
- Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishAmbassador to the U.S.
- Criticized PresidentMcKinley as weak and
abidder for the admirationof the crowd,
besidesbeing a would-be politicianwho tries to
leave a dooropen behind himself whilekeeping on
good termswith the jingoes of hisparty.
29Theodore Roosevelt
- Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the McKinley
administration. - Imperialist and American nationalist.
- Criticized PresidentMcKinley as having the
backbone of a chocolate éclair! - Resigns his position to fight in Cuba.
30The Rough Riders
31Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
32The Spanish-American War (1898)That Splendid
Little War
How prepared was the US for war?
33The Philippines
34The Spanish-American War (1898)That Splendid
Little War
35Dewey Captures Manila!
36Is He To Be a Despot?
37Emilio Aguinaldo
- Leader of the FilipinoUprising.
- July 4, 1946Philippine independence
38William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the
Philippines
Great administrator.
39Our Sphere of Influence
40The Treaty of Paris 1898
- Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
- Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam.
- The U. S. paid Spain20 mil. for
thePhilippines. - The U. S. becomesan imperial power!
41The American Anti-Imperialist
League
- Founded in 1899.
- Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and
WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders. - Campaigned against the annexation of
thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.
42Cuban Independence?
- Teller Amendment (1898)
- Platt Amendment (1903)
- Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with
foreign powers that would endanger its
independence. - The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if
necessary to maintain an efficient, independent
govt. - Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for
naval and coaling station. - Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Senator Orville Platt
43DILEMMA--Did U. S. citizenship follow the flag??
44Puerto Rico
45Puerto Rico 1898
- 1900 - Foraker Act.
- PR became an unincorporated territory.
- Citizens of PR, not of the US.
- Import duties on PR goods
- 1901-1903 ? the Insular Cases.
- Constitutional rights were not automatically
extended to territorial possessions. - Congress had the power to decide these rights.
- Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were
legal!
46Puerto Rico 1898
- 1917 Jones Act.
- Gave full territorial status to PR.
- Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the
US. - PRs elected theirown legislators governor to
enforcelocal laws. - PRs could NOT votein US presidentialelections.
- A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to
vote for PR in the House.
47Panama
48Panama The Kings Crown
- 1850 ? Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
- 1901 ? Hay-Paunceforte Treaty.
- Philippe Bunau-Varilla,agent provocateur.
- Dr. Walter Reed.
- Colonel W. Goethals.
- 1903 ? Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty.
49Panama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction begins in 1904)
50The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
1905
Chronic wrongdoing may in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require intervention by some civilized
nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the exercise of an international
police power .
51Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!
52China
53Stereotypes of the Chinese
Immigrant
Oriental Chinese Exclusion Act, 1887
54The Boxer Rebellion 1900
- The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
- 55 Days at Peking.
55The Open Door Policy
- Secretary John Hay.
- Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.
- Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by
any one foreign power.
56TheOpen Door Policy
57America as a Pacific Power
58America's New Role
59The Cares of a Growing Family
60Constable of the World
61Treaty of Portsmouth 1905
Nobel Peace Prize for Teddy
62The Great White Fleet 1907
63Tafts Dollar Diplomacy
- Improve financialopportunities for American
businesses. - Use private capital tofurther U. S.
interestsoverseas. - Therefore, the U.S. should create stability and
order abroad that would best promote Americas
commercial interests.
64Mexico
65The Mexican Revolution 1910s
- Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico and
puts Madero in prison where he was murdered. - Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against
Huerta. - The U.S. also got involved by occupying Veracruz
and Huerta fled the country. - Eventually Carranza would gain power in Mexico.
66The Mexican Revolution 1910s
Emiliano Zapata
Pancho Villa
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio Diaz
Francisco I Madero
67Wilsons Moral Diplomacy
- The U. S. shouldbe the conscienceof the world.
- Spread democracy.
- Promote peace.
- Condemn colonialism.
68Searching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with PanchoVilla in
1914.
69U. S. Global Investments Investments in Latin
America, 1914
70U. S. Interventions in Latin America 1898-1920s
71Uncle Sam One of the Boys?