The beginning of the

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The beginning of the modern world
A - Geography has an impact on history and its
five themes help us understand historical and
current events B - Challenges to the existing
order come from radical new ideas C - Religion
affects how different cultures interact,
cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with
each other.

• Questions from homework?
• Be able to locate the 5 continents, 4 major
  oceans, and the key European and world countries.
  See unit packet maps.
• Identify the 5 themes of geography and how each
  can be seen in this unit.
• Themes of Geography 10min (need to know key
  world locations see world map in unit docs)
• Share your completed graphic organizer about
  Religions with the other group members 15min
• Compare content discuss difference and
  similarities
• Complete graphic organizer so that all members
  understand the religion
• Questions? And review
• Complete bottom of religion chart wrap up
• Preview of The Renaissance

• World Religions and Geography day4
• Interactive Map

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Unit Enduring Understandings

1. Geography themes of location, place, movement,
   human-environment interaction and region are
   useful tools for understanding history and
   current events.
2. A societys values can be seen through their
   cultural and scientific achievements
3. Challenges to the social and political order
   frequently come from radical new ideas.
4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures
   to interact, exchange and conflict with one
   another.
5. Every society has developed some political system
   by which either the one, the few, or the many
   rule over others.

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Unit Essential Questions

1. How does geography affect people and societies?
2. How can ideas change the world?
3. What is globalization and when did it begin?
4. What happens when different cultures interact?
   Why do technology, commerce and religion have an
   impact on inter-cultural interactions?
5. What is the proper relationship between citizens
   and their government?

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Russia UK Mexico Iran Brazil Nigeria Iraq China In
dia USA
1 Philadelphia 2 London 3 Beijing 4
Sydney 5 Pretoria 6 Mumbai 7 - Lima
What geography theme is represented on this
map? How could we show the other themes?
Arctic Ocean
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Russia
UK
4
North America
Asia
1
Europe
5
USA
1
China
Iran
Atlantic Ocean
2
India
Mexico
Africa
2
Pacific Ocean
Iraq
6
Nigeria
3
South America
Brazil
Indian Ocean
3
Oceania
7
Antarctica
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Location

• Geographers use latitude and longitude to
  pinpoint a places absolute, or exact, location.
• To know the absolute location of a place is only
  part of the story. It is also important to know
  how that place is related to other placesin
  other words, to know that places relative
  location. Relative location deals with the
  interaction that occurs between and among places.
• It refers to the many waysby land, by water,
  even by technologythat places are connected.

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Place

• All places have characteristics that give them
  meaning and character and distinguish them from
  other places on earth. Geographers describe
  places by their physical and human
  characteristics.
• Physical characteristics include such elements as
  animal life. Human characteristics of the
  landscape can be noted in architecture, patterns
  of livelihood, land use and ownership, town
  planning, and communication and transportation
  networks.
• Languages, as well as religious and political
  ideologies, help shape the character of a place.
• Studied together, the physical and human
  characteristics of places provide clues to help
  students understand the nature of places on the
  earth.

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Religions of the World
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Human/Environment Interaction

• The environment means different things to
  different people, depending on their cultural
  backgrounds and technological resources.
• In studying human/environment interaction,
  geographers look at all the effectspositive and
  negativethat occur when people interact with
  their surroundings.
• Sometimes a human act, such as damming a river to
  prevent flooding or to provide irrigation,
  requires consideration of the potential
  consequences.

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Movement

• People interact with other people, places, and
  things almost every day of their lives.
• They travel from one place to another they
  communicate with each other and they rely upon
  products, information, and ideas that come from
  beyond their immediate environment.

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Beginning of the Modern World

• Modern Globalization
• Phase of increasing trade links and cultural
  exchange in 19th century
• Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of
  animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable
  diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western
  hemispheres

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Region

• Region is an area on the earths surface that is
  defined by certain unifying characteristics.
• The unifying characteristics may be physical,
  human, or cultural. In addition to studying the
  unifying characteristics of a region, geographers
  study how a region changes over times.
• Using the theme of regions, geographers divide
  the world into manageable units for study.

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Regions of Africa
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Beginning of Modern World
Europe
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Religions of the World
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World Religions A Comparison
Buddhism Buddhism
Name of Deity The Buddha did not teach a personal deity
Founder Siddhartha Gautama called the Buddha (means The Enlightened One)
Holy Book No one booksacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Tripitaka, Mahayna Sutras
Leadership Buddhist monks and nuns
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Karma is the concept that good begets good and bad begets bad.
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World Religions A Comparison
Christianity Christianity
Name of Deity God and Jesus Christ
Founder Jesus Christ and the Apostles
Holy Book Bible (Pentateuch, Prophets, Kings, and Apostles)
Leadership Clergy (priests, ministers, etc.)
Basic Beliefs There is only one God Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin, making eternal life possible for others Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus
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World Religions A Comparison
Hinduism Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.
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World Religions A Comparison
Islam Islam
Name of Deity God (Allah)
Founder Muhammad
Holy Book Quran
Leadership Sunni and Shii have different clergy. Imams, mullahs, Caliphs, ayatollahs, hojjat al-islam collectively called the Ulama
Basic Beliefs Persons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,
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Difference between Islam and Muslim

• Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who
  understand, believe, and practice Islam properly,
  i.e. according to the text.
• Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to
  Christians.

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World Religions A Comparison
Judaism Judaism
Name of Deity God (Yahweh)
Founder Abraham
Holy Book Hebrew Bible (including the Torah)
Leadership Rabbis
Basic Beliefs There is only one God God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings major holidays Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, Passover and Shabbat
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World Religions A Comparison
Hinduism Hinduism
Name of Deity Three main Gods Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Founder No one founder
Holy Book No one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas
Leadership Guru, Holy Man, Braham priest
Basic Beliefs The soul never dies but is continually reborn Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.
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World Religions A Comparison
Confucianism Confucianism
Name of Deity No real deity, per se, but a sense that there are gods and spirits in Heaven
Founder Confucius (Kung Fu Tzu)
Holy Book The Analects of Confucius
Leadership State leaders and recognized teachers
Basic Beliefs To create a harmonius society, a person should live a life of virtue here on earth by following a set of ethical guidelines focused on how to relate to other people. Essentially, treat people the way you want to be treated, honor your parents, those above you and respect those below, also honor the ancestors
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Religions of the World
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Religion review

1. Name 3 monotheistic religions
2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name
   the texts
3. Which religion(s) have no identified founder?
4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
5. Which religion(s) have a belief in heaven?
6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a
   virtuous life to create a harmonious society?

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Religion review

1. Name 3 monotheistic religions
2. Judaism, Christianity, Islam
3. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name
   the texts
4. Hinduism Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras
5. Which religion(s) has no identified founder?
6. Hinduism
7. Which religion(s) believe in Karma?
8. Buddhism
9. Which religion(s) believe in heaven
10. Islam, Christianity, to some extent Judaism
    depending on interpretation
11. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a
    virtuous life to create a harmonious society?
12. Confucianism

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The Renaissance

• The Renaissance 1300-1600

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CAUSES

• Short-Term

• Long-Term

• Historical Centers
• Urban centers
• Merchants
• Secular Writings

• Plague
• Failing Dark Age Institutions
• Church failures

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REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

• Individuals can be great (FAME)
• Focus on SECULAR ideas, not religious
• Information for everyone, not just elite
• HUMANISM

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IMPORTANT

• People

• Dates/Events

• Leonardo da Vinci
• Medici family
• Machiavelli
• Castiglione
• Michelangelo

• 1434 Medicis take control in Florence
• 1455 Gutenberg Bible published
• 1513 Prince published

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B. New Writing

• Writing to be famous
• How to govern, behave
• Machiavelli first political scientist
• Famous Quotes
• The end justifies the means.
• It is much safer to be feared than loved.
• A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.

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IMPORTANT

• Literature/Art/Music

• Political/Social/
• Economic Changes

• The Prince/The Courtier
• The Last Supper
• David
• Perspective, realism
• Printing press

• Humanism
• Growing merchant class
• Questioning importance of religion in govt

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RESULTS

• Long-Term

• Short-Term

• Widespread information means
• Attempts to reform society change views on how
  life should be lived
• People begin to question political structures/
  religious practices

• Greater availability of books
• Changes in art/writing styles
• Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES