Hazardous%20Materials

1
Hazardous Materials

• Operations Level
• In-Service Training

2
Haz Mat In-Service

• Better understanding of Haz-Mat emergencies.
• Roles and Responsibilities at a Haz-Mat.
• Basic Knowledge of Emergency Response Guide.
• Levels of Haz-Mat Responses in your County.

3
Why Training

• Make Fire/EMS personnel more aware of the
  potential that hazardous materials may be
  involved in emergency responses.
• Importance in recognizing the presence of a
  Hazardous Material, so not to become victims.

4
What is a Hazardous Material?

• Department of Transportation-
• Any substance or material in any form or
  quantity which poses an unreasonable risk to
  health and safety and to property when
  transported in commerce.
• EPA
• Any material when discharged into the
  environment may be harmful to the public health
  and welfare of the United States.

5
In Plain Language

• Any substance which jumps outs of its
• container, when something goes wrong and
• hurts or harms the thing it touches.

6
Training to Respond

• OSHA 1910.120 definition
• Responders including Fire/EMS at the First
  Responder Operations Level. This is 8 hours for
  original training.
• Command Personnel First Responder Operations
  Level and a minimum of 16 hours of Incident
  Command training.

7
First Responder Level

• Recognize potential incident.
• Defensive operations - outside release area.
• Evacuate all non-emergency personnel from
  incident site.
• Call for additional assistance and standby.
• Decon assistance.

8
Lead Agency

• In NYS, the Fire Department will normally be the
  lead agency for Haz Mat Incidents.
• Will designate an Incident Commander.
• If a crime is in progress, law enforcement having
  jurisdiction will have to participate in the
  joint command operation.
• In very serious incidents, the lead agency may
  escalate to the Town Supervisor or County
  Executive.

9
Fire Department Responsibilities

• Identification of materials involved.
• Bringing fires under control.
• Defensive containment of spill.
• Coordinates safe removal of a spilled material.
• Monitors cleanup and site decontamination.

10
EMS Responsibilities

• Establish a medical sector.
• Triage, treatment and transport of victims.
• Communicate with hospitals.
• Monitor of rescue personnel in Rehab area.
• Assist with movement of impaired and special
  needs citizens.
• Provide updates and information to IC.
• Work in unified command system.

11
Law Enforcement

• Securing immediate area outside the hot zone.
• Rerouting of traffic.
• Limiting access to the incident to emergency
  personnel.
• Work in unified command system.

12
Haz Mat Team

• Identify the hazard and potential implications.
• Provide information to IC.
• Provide Technical assistance as required.
• Work with other qualified personnel to mitigate
  the situation.
• Work in unified command system.

13
Working Thru An Incident

• Information gathering starts with the call to
  911.
• When gathering information try to get
• Type of material involved.
• Quantity of material.
• Name of Material (proper spelling).
• Shippers name.
• Type of container.

14
Evaluation

• Considerations of an Incident
• Is is stabilizing?
• Is it increasing in intensity?

15
Prudent to Withdraw from the Incident

• No way to mitigate the situation.
• Situation about to deteriorate.

16
Resources Available

• North American Emergency Response Guide.
• Your County Haz Mat Team.
• Chemtrec.
• Manufacturers Safety Data Sheets.

17
Emergency Situations That Could be Haz Mat Related

• Traffic Accidents.
• Some Suicides.
• CO Incidents.
• Returning from incident and observe a potential
  Haz Mat.

18
Traffic Accidents

• One of vehicles maybe transporting hazardous
  materials.
• May have released before arrival.
• Maybe releasing while approaching scene.
• Patient may have been exposed already.

19
Make Sure The Scene Is SAFE!
20
Remember Order of Priorities is Life,
Property, Then the Environment
21
Incident Command System
The Incident Command System is implemented at all
haz-mat incidents. The Incident Commander (IC) is
ultimately in charge and responsible for the
incident. The IC will make their decisions
based on input from the SAFTEY OFFICER and the
OPERATONS OFFICER. The IC should work out of the
command post that is established a safe distance
from the scene and clearly marked. The access
to the command post should be controlled to keep
unnecessary people out.
22
ICS
23
Incident Commander

• The IC should be at least at the Operations
  Responder Level.
• Full training in is available and required for
  using the Incident Command System.
• Personnel who will be expected to be in charge of
  a Haz-Mat incident will need to have more
  in-depth instruction in the ICS.

24
Operations

• The Operations Officer will handle the control of
  the team entering the hot zone.
• Operations is to monitor their procedures and
  evaluate the situation.
• Operations, should be at the same level of
  training as the entry team or higher.
• This might be handled by the Haz Mat Team Leader.

25
Safety

• The Safety Officer will only operate as the
  safety officer.
• Safety will handle the overall safety of the
  operation within the warm and hot zones.

26
Level A Suits

• Fully Encapsulated.
• Utilizes SCBA.
• Provides best protection from airborne chemicals.
• Some limitations are
• Limited dexterity.
• Increased heat stress.
• Limited vision.
• Claustrophobia

27
Class B Suits

• 1. Same level of respiratory protection, but a
  lesser level of skin protection.
• 2. Commonly referred to as a splash suit. Used
  where liquids are present as the hazard.
• 3. Should not be used if engulfment is a
  possibility.

28
Level C

• Designed for splash protection.
• Utilizes cartridge respirator, with proper
  cartridge for hazard.
• Provides good protection for materials not
  absorbed thru skin.
• Used only when Oxygen level has been determined
  and toxicity levels are known.

29
Level D

• Street Clothes.
• May utilize cartridge respirator.
• No Chemical protection.

30
Firefighter Protective Gear

• Firefighter Bunker gear is limited protection
  level of chemical protective clothing.
• It is intended for use at fires.
• It may be used at the scene of flammable gases or
  liquids though, as long as direct contact with
  the product is not anticipated.

31
Container Shape Types
32
Materials Used in Containers

• Metal
• Glass
• Paper and/or Cardboard
• Plastic

33
Placards

• Placards required for rail/road transportation
  only.
• Required for any quantity of poison gas,
  explosives, radioactive materials, and any
  material dangerous when wet.
• Also required for 1000 or more of other products
  being transported.

34
Markings

• Labels required n packages and containers.
• Signage or stenciling.
• Color coding, but not always a reliable
  indicator.

35
Occupancy

• Type of business.
• Processes or activities.
• Known location of hazardous materials.

36
Senses

• Clouds of Vapor
• Sound of product being released under pressure.

37
Senses

• Sight -Runoff, and Damaged Containers.

38
Senses

• Smell/Taste should not be used to detect
  hazardous presence.

39
Other Sources of Information

• Occupant/bystander information.
• North American Emergency Response Guide.
• Shipping papers.
• Dispatch Information.
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

40
Shipping Papers

• Shipping documents are kept in
• The cab of the motor vehicle,
• The possession of the train crew member,
• A holder on the bridge of a vessel, or
• An aircraft pilot's possession.

41
MSDS

• OSHA required for all chemicals.
• No standard form required.
• Looks confusing, but contains much information.

42
MSDS General Requirements

• Chemical Properties.
• Health Hazards.
• Personal Protection.
• Fire Reactivity Data.
• EMS Recommendations.
• Spill Disposal Recommendations.
• Storage Handling.

43
North American Emergency Response Guide
44
Emergency Response Guide 2000

• First produced in 1984.
• Updated every 3-4 years.
• Produced by USDOT.
• Produced due to an explosion at construction site
  that killed several Kansas City FF.
• Designed to provide GENERAL information during
  first 30 minutes of incident.
• Should be in every Emergency Response Vehicle

45
Purpose of 4 Digit Number System

• Internationally developed numbers.
• A user can identify the material, no matter what
  the language they speak.
• Developed by the United Nations.

46
Yellow Section of ERG

• Identify hazardous materials by four digit UN
  number on placard or shipping papers.
• Identify the guide to sue for dealing with an
  incident that the UN number has identified.
• Materials listed in numerical order.
  Approximately 3600 chemicals
• More than one chemical may have the same ID
  number.

47
Blue Section of ERG

• Hazardous material by name.
• Identify the guide to be used.
• Listed alphabetically.
• Exact spelling of a chemical is important.
• Many chemicals are spelled almost the same.

48
Orange Section of ERG.

• Gives First Responder basic procedures for
  dealing with incident.
• Information is very generic and for protective
  actions.
• Divided into 62 sections.
• Guides are divided into groups dealing with
  specific categories of chemicals.

49
Green Section of ERG

• Identify isolation zone for chemicals, that are
  identified as toxic from vapors.
• Initial Isolation Zones.
• Contains list of water reactive materials.
• Any chemical highlighted in Blue or Yellow
  section of ERG, refer to Green section.

50
Explosives

51
Compressed Gases
52
Flammable Liquids
53
Flammable Solids
54
Oxidizers
55
Poisons
56
Radioactive Material
57
Corrosives
58
Etiological Agents
59
NFPA 704 System

• The 704 marking system is intended to indicate
  properties/ potential dangers of hazardous
  materials in facilities.
• You can get a general idea of the hazards from
  this symbol, it does not provide you with the
  name of the material.

60

• The sign is diamond shaped and divided into four
  sections.
• The numbers in the three colored sections denote
  the severity of the hazard and range from 0-4.
• The least hazardous is 0 with 4 being the worst.

61

• Red - Flammability
• Blue - Health
• Yellow - Reactivity
• White - Special Information
• The white section contains special information.
  In the example above this represents materials
  that are reactive with water. An OX in this
  section would indicate a material is an oxidizer.
  It is also possible to see the propeller
  symbol here to represent radioactive materials.

62
Methods of Exposure to Body

• Inhalation-
• Fastest route of entry
• 90 of all industrial poisonings are through
  inhaled toxins.
• Skin contact-
• Most chemicals are absorbed slowly through the
  skin.
• Proper protection to eyes, mucus and skin must
  be used.
• Proper levels of PPE must be used.

63
Methods of Exposure to the Body

• Injection-
• Occurs by stepping or bumping into a sharp
  object.
• Also, injection or product by high
  pressure.
• Ingestion
• Through eating, drinking or smoking at incident
  site.
• Only do these things at established re-hab
  sites.

64
Affects of Chemicals on the Body

• Toxicity
• Allergies
• Delayed Reactions

65
Decontamination
All personnel at the Haz-Mat incident need to be
De-con before leaving the area. This is
accomplished by several different methods
depending on the product involved. The Decon
area needs to be established before the entry
team moves in. The entry and De-con areas need
to be at the same location for accountability and
safety.
66
Emergency De-con

• Remove victim from affected area.
• Remove helmet and flood with water.
• Remove SCBA, but leave mask in place.
• Remove contaminated clothing.
• Move to CLEAN area.
• Inform EMS of type of exposure,

67
Levels of Haz-Mat Responses

• Level Zero
• Level One
• Level Two
• Level Three

68
Level Zero

• Controlled by first responding agency.
• No evacuation required, other than the involved
  structure.
• Haz-Mat Team response for technical assistance.
• Materials spilled are contained within the site
  boundary.

69
Level One

• Incident controlled by first response agency and
  limited Haz-Mat response.
• Single jurisdiction and limited agency
  involvement.
• Does not required evacuation, except for the area
  effected by the release or potential release.
• Limited to a confined geographical area.
• No immediate threat to life, health or property.

70
Level Two

• Potential threat to life, property or health.
• Expanded geographical area.
• Limited evacuation of nearby residents.
• Involvement of two or more jurisdictions.
• Specialist or Technical Team required to scene.

71
Level Three

• Serious hazard to life, property or health.
• Large geographical impact.
• Major community evacuation.
• Multiple agencies involvement.
• Possible State or Federal involvement.

72
Know your County Haz-Mat Apparatus.
73
What it brings to the party.
74
Rail Cars
75
Rail Cars
76
Rail Cars
77
Road Trailers
78
Road Trailers
79
Road Trailers
80
Road Trailers
81
Review

• Approach Incident from upwind direction, if
  possible.
• Move keep people away from incident scene.
• DO NOT walk into or touch any spilled material.
• Avoid inhaling fumes, smoke and vapors.

82
Review

• Do not assume that gases or vapors are harmless,
  because of a lack of smell.
• Establish perimeters.
• Identify the material(s) involved.
• Establish Incident Command System.
• Determine a level of the incident.