The Gilded Age - Industrialization, Urbanization

1
The Gilded Age - Industrialization,
Urbanization

• Chapters 19-20

2
Sign of the TimesThe Great Deflation

• manufacturing efficiencies
• Tight money policies

3
Necessity is the Mother of Invention

• homemade to factory made
• typewriter
• adding machine
• telephone
• telegraph
• railroads

4
Frank Zappa is also the Mother of Invention
5
Railroads

• Expansion, post Civil War
• Bessemer process steel
• Big names Vanderbilt, Hill, Stanford, Harriman

6
The Railroad Boom

• Build with free enterprise AND gov. assistance
  such as
• Land grants
• Financial assistance
• Biggest Boost Corporations with limited
  liability
• risk only money invested not liable for debts
  problems
• Provided a great money making opportunity

7
Impact of the RR

• Standard time zones, track size
• Standards established for moving goods
• Tech advances
• Transportation needs met for both transport of
  people and goods

8
and up from the ground came a bubblin crudeoil
that isBlack GoldTexas T

• 1859 Edwin Drake successfully drilled for oil
• PA, IN TX
• Cleveland- first great refining center

9
Andrew Carnegie1835-1919
10
Andrew Carnegie the era of Social Darwinism

• Worked his way up the ladder
• - A Real-Life Ragged Dick
• Became a model for industry
• The Theory of Social Darwinism
• Discuss Gospel of Wealth
• Discuss Progress Poverty

11
J. Pierpont Morgan

• Born
• April 17, 1837
• Hartford, CT
• Died
• March 31, 1913
• Rome, Italy

12
Seize the Opportunity Business Practices of the
Gilded Age

• Vertical Integration
• Control of production from raw mmaterials to
  finished product
• Carnegie (steel) Gustavus Swift
  (livestock/cattle)
• Horizontal Integration
• Control all of one stage of production

13
John Davidson Rockefeller
14
John D. Rockefeller Monopoly Power

• Wanted to control the worlds oil market, live to
  be 100
• Established Standard Oil of Ohio Clevelands
  leading oil company with an eye on controlling
  the entire industry
• By 1880 Standard Oil will control 95 of the oil
  market
• Rockefeller believe he was just providing a
  service that the American people wanted/needed

15
Rockefeller

• 1) Reap huge profits re-invest low pay for
  workers undersell competition
• 3) Team up with the RR cut overhead and costs
  both benefit. Today highly illegal

16
The Great Immigration

• A huge increase in immigration after the Civil
  War
• Irish
• Germans
• Yiddish-Speaking Jews
• Scandinavians (Swedes, Norwegians, Danes, Finns
• and even a few Icelanders and Faeroese)
• Hungarians
• Russians
• Italians
• Slavs
• English

17
Amerikavisan (Swedish Folk Song)

• Bröder vi har långt att gå
• Över salta vatten
• Å så finns Amerika
• Invid andra stranden
• Inte är det möjlik
• Ach jo det är så frödelik
• Skada att Amerika
• Skada att Amerika
• Ligger skall så långt ifrån
• Träden som på marken stå
• Söter är som socker
• Landet är av flickor fullt
• Däjeliga docker!

• Let us go brothers
• Over the salt water
• Theres Amerika
• On the other shore
• Isnt it wonderful
• Yes it fabulous
• Too bad that America
• Too bad that Amerika
• Is so far away
• Trees grow in the ground
• Sweet as sugar
• The place is full of girls
• Man, thats great!

18

• Inte är det möjlik
• Ak jo det är så frödelik
• Skada att Amerika
• Skada att Amerika
• Ligger skall så långt ifrån
• Solen den går aldrig ned
• Släkt i var jag människa
• Här är munterhet och sång
• Källare full Champangje
• Inte är det möjlik
• Ak jo det är så frödelik
• Skada att Amerika
• Skada att Amerika
• Ligger skall så långt ifrån

• Isnt it wonderful
• Yes it fabulous
• Too bad that America
• Too bad that Amerika
• Is so far away
• The Sun never sets
• All your friends are there
• All is joy and song
• Cellars full of Champagne
• Isnt it wonderful
• Yes it fabulous
• Too bad that America
• Too bad that Amerika
• Is so far away

19
The American Workforce Immigrants Impact

• Workers came to alleviate labor shortage
• Workers slowly became prosperous

20
F. W. Taylor and Taylorism

• Aimed at increasing worker production in a more
  efficient manner based on the idea of
  standardization.
• Brings about a reduction in specializations thus
  making certain workers less valuable.

21
Working Conditions

• Long hours in dangerous conditions
• 12 hours a day 6 or 7 days a week
• No workmans compensation
• No vacation time
• No sick leave
• No minimum wage

22
The Labor Movement

• Knights of Labor-Terence Powderly
• AF of L - Samuel Gompers
• ARU- Eugene V. Debs
• IWW (Wobblies)- Big Bill Haywood

23
Striking Workers

• The Great Railway Strike (1877)
• The Haymarket Affair (1886)
• The Homestead Strike (1892)
• The Pullman Strike (1892)

24
Part III

• Bright Light Big City
• The Growth of Americas Cities at the turn of the
  Century

25
The Growth of the City

• Physical Changes to the City Landscape
• Mass Transit
• Paving
• Sewers
• Parks
• City Services
• Skyscrapers
• Electricity and gas

26

• Flatiron Building
• New York City

27

• Carson Pirie Scott Bldg.
• (1903)
• 1 South State St.
• Chicago, IL

28

• Hamm Building (1915)
• 408 St. Peter St. St. Paul, MN

29
TenementsRow Houses 3-Deckers

30
The Suburban World

• Middle class workers
• Middle class management
• The move to the suburbs represented an advance in
  living standards more light, air, quiet,
  freedom to move, flush toilets, privacy

31
Minneapolis-St. Paul, 1880

32
Baseball in the 19th Century

• Adrian Cap Anson

• Honus Wagner

33
Baseball in the 19th Century

• Christopher Von der Ahe

• Old Hoss Radbourne

34
Status Quo Politics in the Gilded Age

• Five Presidents between 1877-1893
• Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881) - Republican
• James Garfield (1881) Republican -assassinated
• Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885) -Republican
• Grover Cleveland (1885-1889) -Democrat
• Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893) -Republican
• Little difference between the parties, or
  factions within te parties

35
Biggest Issues of the Time

• Patronage Spoils System Reform
• 1883 Pendleton Act
• Regulation of Railroads
• The Tariff

36
The Populists

• Economics of the 1890s
• (Depression of 1893)
• Farm foreclosures
• Railroad bankruptcies
• Stock market drop
• Unemployment up
• Farmers suffering in profits
• Farmers needed organization representation
• The Grange Movement Farmers Alliances

37
The Populist Platform in 1892Omaha, Nebraska

• Labor Unions, which give a voice to workers, be
  allowed to exist.
• Transportation Communication, owned by the
  government
• Land, should be cheap
• Banks owned by the government
• Australian Ballot
• 16-1 ratio of Silver to Gold in currency
• Graduated Income Tax
• Direct Election of Senators

38
Election of 1896

• William Jennings Bryan (D)
• -supported bimetallism
• -Was supported by Populism
• Delivered cross of gold speech
• Rep. called him radical, revolutionary, and
  anarchistic

• William McKinley (R)
• Gold bug
• Front-porch campaign Mark Hanna
• Called upon big business and raised a lot of
  money
• Wins election, but the door is open for reform
  and eventual Progressivism

39
Populism The Wizard of Oz

• Dorothy- Everyman Everyman
• Uncle Henry Auntie Em
• Lonely independent Homesteaders
• Hard working, little reward, everything is grey
• Wicked Witch of the West- the Railroads
• Wicked Witch of the East-the Banks

40
Populism The Wizard of Oz

• Munchkins- Factory slaves to the big business-
  remember the Wicked Witch of the East had cast a
  spell on them making the Munchkins her subjects.
  Or the Indians?
• Tin Woodman- Industrial worker who lost economic
  independence because of factories
• .
• Scarecrow-Farmers
• Lion- Bryan

41
Populism The Wizard of Oz

• Wizard of Oz any POTUS from Grant to McKinley -
  comes in
• various forms but essentially does the
  same thing- nothing but smoke.
• Yellow Brick Road- the Gold standard
• Silver slippers (in the book they were silver)
  bimetallism
• Flying Monkeys Pinkertons
• Emerald City- Big Cities specifically Washington
  D.C.