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The Psychology of Dying

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The Psychology of Dying Kubler-Ross Page 44 (PAD&D) 5 stages: 1) Denial: (and Isolation) the defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Psychology of Dying


1
The Psychology of Dying
2
Kubler-Ross
  • Page 44 (PADD)
  • 5 stages
  • 1) Denial (and Isolation)
  • the defense mechanism by which a person is
    unable or refuses to see things as they are
    because such facts are threatening to the self
  • 2) Anger
  • blame directed toward another person
  • 3) Bargaining
  • 4) Depression
  • 5) Acceptance

3
Lofland
  • Page 46 (PADD)
  • dying scripts
  • Elements
  • Space
  • Population
  • Knowledge
  • Stance

4
Em. M. Pattison
  • Page 48 (PADD)
  • 3 phases of the dying process
  • 1) acute crisis phase
  • 2) chronic living-dying phase
  • 3) terminal phase

5
A. Weisman
  • 3 degrees of denial
  • 1) the person denies the facts
  • 2) the person accepts the diagnosis but refuses
    to believe that it is terminal
  • 3) person vacillates beween open acknowledgement
    of death and its repudiation

6
Glaser and Strauss
  • Page 49 (PADD)
  • 4 contexts of awareness
  • 1) closed awareness
  • 2) suspicion
  • 3) mutual pretense
  • 4) open awareness

7
Duties of the Dying
  • Page 49 (PADD)
  • 1) arrange a variety of affairs
  • 2) adapt to the loss of loved ones and self
  • 3) manage medical needs and balance emotions
  • 4) plan for future loss
  • 5) identify and cope with the death encounter

8
Role of the FD With the Dying
  • Page 50 (PADD)
  • Prerequisites for the FD
  • 1) acknowledge ones mortality
  • 2) understand the grief process
  • 3) effective listening and appropriate response
  • 4) commitment to the dying
  • 5) knowledge of personal limits

9
Social Responses to Death
  • Page 53 (PADD)
  • variety of socialization processes
  • demographic norms
  • Preindustrial high mortality rates
  • small, tightly integrated communities
  • Postindustrial drop in mortality rates
  • death is distanced, sanitized

10
Death of a Parent
  • Page 60 (PADD)
  • natural event
  • unfinished emotional business
  • little/no allowance for untimely, violent, or
    unexpected death
  • allow the adult child to express the feelings of
    loss
  • support groups

11
Death of a Spouse
  • Page 62 (PADD)
  • secondary losses (Figure 12-1 page 155)
  • social issues
  • support groups

12
Death of a Child
  • Page 63 (PADD)
  • parents and siblings arent the only ones who
    mourn the loss of a child, but the parental grief
    response is the most complex
  • friends may avoid the parents
  • service guilt, survivors guilt

13
Guilt
  • Composed of
  • Regrets
  • Misgivings
  • Unresolved past conflicts with the child
  • Every aspect of the relationship and childcare

14
Secondary Losses
  • child may have filled a gap
  • child as well as friend
  • sense of status/self-esteem/purpose
  • continued guilt can give rise to complications
  • changed identity
  • camily structure is altered

15
Parental Anger
  • feel that core identities have been ripped out
  • world no longer makes sense
  • rage at those perceived to have a role in the
    death
  • feelings of betrayal
  • anger directed toward survivors

16
Coping With Other People
  • Need to be aware that there are people in their
    lives from whom they will never get the support
    they would have expected or desire.

17
Parental Fear
  • Fear of losing other children or any close person
    causes bereaved parents to overprotect.

18
New Me in a New World
  • The image of the child exists within but is no
    longer physically available as an external
    reality.
  • Create a new internal picture of who they are in
    the outside world.
  • Their loss and grief accompany them everywhere
    they go.

19
Painful Reminders
  • seasonal reminders
  • unexpected moments
  • continual acknowledgment of the child at family
    events
  • can still feel connected

20
Linking Objects and Continuing Bonds
  • Page 65 (PADD)
  • helps maintain continuity of a relationship
  • provide support for grieving parents

21
FD Responsibilities
  • Page 65 (PADD)
  • reinforce that their feelings are acceptable and
    normal
  • point out to them societys inability to
    comprehend their loss
  • well-meaning peoples comments
  • create an atmosphere of security, comfort and
    accessibility

22
Death of a Sibling
  • greater chance of healing if parents remain in
    their lives
  • parents grieve openly
  • parental grief is shared
  • siblings may experience shame or embarrassment
  • preteens and teens are particularly sensitive

23
Replacement Expectations
  • parents may inappropriately place expectations on
    children
  • parents may consciously or unwittingly
    communicate that surviving children take on the
    dead siblings role
  • parents may deify the dead child
  • parents may focus on the dead child to the
    exclusion of the surviving siblings

24
Surviving Adult Siblings
  • Page 65 (PADD)
  • least acknowledged by society
  • facing the death of someone in their own
    generation..personal confrontation with their
    own mortality
  • FD should be available to them

25
Implications for Funeral Directors
  • Page 66 (PADD)
  • 1) societys perception of the death may not
    track with the individuals response
  • 2) be sensitive to conflict between what is
    expected and what they feel
  • 3) provide information about resources
  • 4) small library of books, tapes etc.
  • 5) provide clear, complete and accurate
    communication
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