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The Individual in Society: Socialization The lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The%20Individual%20in%20Society:%20Socialization


1
The Individual in Society Socialization
  • The lifelong social experience by which
    individuals develop their human potential and
    learn culture

2
What 4 main factors affect the development of
personality?
3
  • Heredityphysical traits, aptitudes, inherited
    characteristics, biological drives, limits
  • Parentsparental characteristics, such as age,
    education, religion, and economic status
  • Birth orderpersonalities are shaped by siblings
    and the order in which we are born
  • Cultural environmentdetermines the basic
    personality types found in a society

4
Heredity inherited characteristics, biological
drives, limits
Birth order Number of siblings and order of
birth
Factors that Shape Individual Personality
Development
Cultural environment basic personality types
found in a society
Parents parental characteristics
5
Which is more important in forming who you are?
  • Genetics or Environment?

6
Personality Development Nature v. Nurture
  • Personality, or a persons fairly consistent
    patterns of acting, thinking and feeling, is
    shaped by both biology (nature) and social
    experience (nurture)
  • Nature
  • Instincts inherited behavior patterns (ex. the
    maternal instinct)
  • Examples of instincts?

7
Personality Development Nature v. Nurture
  • Personality, or a persons fairly consistent
    patterns of acting, thinking and feeling, is
    shaped by both biology (nature) and social
    experience (nurture)
  • Nature
  • Instincts inherited behavior patterns
  • Examples of instincts?
  • Nurture
  • To raise, bring up, train or educate
  • American psychologist John B. Watson believed
    that all behavior could be learned (nurture)
    ex. Little Albert experiments

8
John B. Watson
  • Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed,
    and my own specified world to bring them up in
    and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and
    train him to become any type of specialist I
    might select doctor, lawyer, artist,
    merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and
    thief, regardless of his talents, penchants,
    tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his
    ancestors.
  • I am going beyond my facts and I admit it, but
    so have(proof that) they have been doing it for
    many thousands of years. (1930)

9
Personality Development Nature v. Nurture
  • Personality, or a persons fairly consistent
    patterns of acting, thinking and feeling, is
    shaped by both biology (nature) and social
    experience (nurture)
  • Nature
  • Instincts inherited behavior patterns (ex. the
    maternal instinct)
  • Nurture
  • To raise, bring up, train or educate
  • American psychologist John B. Watson believed
    that all behavior could be learned (nurture)
    Ex. Little Albert experiments
  • Twin studies can be very important in
    understanding the role of genes and environment
    in forming an individual

10
A twin study is a kind of genetic study done to
determine heritability. The premise is that
since identical twins have identical genes,
differences between them are solely due to
environmental factors. By examining the degree
to which twins (especially twins raised apart)
are differentiated, a study may determine the
extent to which a particular trait is influenced
by genes or the environment
11
Separated at birth Before the 1960s, twins
offered for adoption were often separated at
birth, and brought up by different families.
Scientists interested in human behavior are
studying these twins. If genes are more important
in behavior, then separated twins should have
similar personalities, despite their different
families. But if environment is more important,
then each twin should be more like their adoptive
family. In fact, it is neither genes nor
environment alone that shape our personalities,
but the complex interactions between them.
12
How does isolation in childhood affect
personality?
13
Twins separated at birth a first person
account
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?v1gwnzW4jOMI

Which is stronger - Nature or Nurture?
Elyse Schein and Paula Bernstein at age 7.
14
Trait Nature Nurture
1. Brown eyes
2. Enjoys bungee jumping
3. 6 tall
4. Red hair
5. IQ of 150
6. Weighs 500 pounds
7. Depressed
8. Alcoholic
9. Has cancer
15
Take out a piece of paper
  • Write down your birth order on the left
  • First born
  • Middle born
  • Last born child
  • Only Child
  • On the right, write down your current GPA.

Fold the paper and pass it up.
16
Nature Examples of Factors Influencing
Personality Development - Birth Order
  • Research indicates that birth order does shape
    childrens personalities
  • Only children tend to endure pressure to achieve
    and excel they tend to be overactive and
    socially involved many are leaders often worry
    more
  • Oldest children tend to share similar traits of
    only children likely to be cooperative,
    cautious, and achievement oriented
  • Later children tend to be better in social
    relationships and to be more affectionate,
    friendly, and creative often are more sensitive
    and have a good sense of humor
  • Can be altered due to variables

17
Personality Development contd
  • Research shows that a healthy cultural
    environment is essential for a childs full
    development.
  • Isolation can have severe consequences such as
    developmental disabilities (mental, physical,
    social, and psychological), malnutrition, and
    death.

18
Nurture Examples of Factors Influencing
Personality Development - Other Influences?
  • Parents
  • Childs first attachment is to mother
  • Later, both parents serve as role models and
    shape perception of sex roles and family
    membership
  • Culture
  • A societys cultural environment may determine
    which personality traits are emphasized
  • For example, U.S. culture emphasizes
    competitiveness and friendliness

19
Understanding how we become who we are Key
Contributors
  • Much research forms the basis for our
    understanding of human development
  • Social Psychological Theories Processes of
    socialization
  • Sigmund Freud (Personality)
  • Erik Erikson (Stages of Psychosocial Development)
  • Jean Piaget (Cognitive Development)
  • Lawrence Kohlberg (Moral Development)
  • Sociological Theories Forming our self concept
  • Charles Horton Cooley (Looking-Glass Self)
  • George Herbert Mead (Social Behavior)

20
So, how we are socialized, matters.
  • What factors, or agents, in our society can
    affect how children are socialized?
  • Take a minute to work on this
  • Come up with a list of at least 7 factors, or
    agents, that affect how children are socialized.

21
Does this affect development?
Prime Time TV
22
Did this affect your development?
Daily Cartoons ca. late 1980s early 1990s
23
How about this?
24
Discussion point Can one who has never been
socialized, besocialized (nurtured)?
25
A Socialization Recap
  • To review, socialization is the process by which
    we learn to become members of society
  • Humans continue the socialization process
    throughout all stages of life
  • Childhood (_at_0-12)
  • Adolescence (_at_12-19)
  • Early and Middle Adulthood (_at_19-55)
  • Old Age (_at_56-71)
  • Death and Dying (_at_ 71 end)

26
A Case for Nurture - What ab0ut social
isolation?
  • How important is human interaction in
    development?
  • Social experience helps to develop personality
    and other skills key to human interaction.
  • It is possible to recover from abuse and
    isolation, but the younger it begins and the
    older it ends decreases this likelihood.
  • Ex. May prevent acquisition of language skills
  • Examples Victor, Genie, Anna, Isabelle

27
(No Transcript)
28
  • Because these children have not had experiences
    which help their brain organize systems to make
    sense of the world (language, interpersonal
    relationships, etc.) the world never makes
    sense.
  • From the BBC Series Mindshock
  • Episode Feral Children

29
What does resocialization mean?
  • Where might resocialization take place?
  • When might resocialization be necessary?

30
Resocialization Total Institutions
  • A total institution refers to a setting in which
    people are isolated from the rest of society and
    manipulated by an administrative staff
  • All spheres of daily life are observed by staff
  • Environment is highly standardized (food,
    uniforms, activities)
  • Formal rules and daily schedules dictate
    activities

31
Resocialization Total Institutions
  • Involves 2 million Americans, who are confined
    against their will in prison or mental hospitals
  • The goal of a total institution is
    resocialization, or radically changing an inmates
    personality by carefully controlling the
    environment (Breakdown and Build up)
  • Break down the inmates existing identity
    (humiliation, degradation, personal loss)
  • Build up a new self (rewards and punishments)
  • Through this process, a person can become
    institutionalized (without the capacity for
    independent living)

32
Is socialization more important during some
stages of life than others?
Discussion points Again, is socialization a
lifelong process?
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