Title: Regional Symposium on E-government and IP Dubai (UAE), 22-25 November 2004
1Regional Symposium onE-government and IPDubai
(UAE), 22-25 November 2004
- ITU World Summit and the Working Group on
Internet Governance - By
- Désiré Karyabwite
- IP Coordinator, E-Strategies Unit /PSF/ITU-BDT
The views expressed in this paper are those of
the authors and may not necessarily reflect the
opinions of the ITU or its membership..
2Outline
- ITU E-Strategies
- Open-ended Consultation meeting/UN WGIG
- Resolution 102- DNS IP Addresses Management
- Address space exhaustion (for convergence)
- Relationship to topology
- Alternatives to IPv6
- Network problems
- Space allocation policy
- Deployment difficulties
- Roadblocks and solutions
- Impact of New Internet Protocol (IPv6)
- What future for mobile Internet ? IPv6?
- ITU World Telecommunication Standardisation
Assembly - Conclusion
3ITU E-Strategies
- Active support of 150 ITU Member States
- Our Goal Foster the deployment of
secure,cost-effective and sustainable IP-based
infrastructure and value-added services in
developing and least developed countries
worldwide - Our Strategy
- 1. Put in place a comprehensive action plan
that integrates the development of IP
infrastructure with the roll-out of
cost-effective, secure and high trust
value-added e-services for government, business,
commerce, educational and health sectors. - 2. Enable various public and private sector
entities to participate in the development of
the core infrastructure through the use of
value-added e- services that are based on
sustainable business models and create
efficiencies in the various public and private
sectors. - 3. Encourage the participation of various
types of partners through a technology neutral
and non-exclusive framework for contributions
towards a global deployment.
4Open-ended Consultation meeting on the
establishment of the UN Working Group on Internet
Governance (WGIG) 20 - 21 September 2004Palais
des Nations Geneva
- Purpose of the meeting For all Stakeholders, to
further exchange ideas on Internet governance
before the formal startup of the WGIG (Working
Group on Internet Governance). The first phase of
WSIS admitted that many problems on Internet
Governance still need to be studied and discussed
and authorized Mr. K. Annan to set up a special
working group (WGIG) to carry out studies and
discussions on this issue. Its structure and
working methods as well as scope of its work were
discussed.
5 Key issues discussed The work done by ITU-T
on Internet issues and Telecommunications
Standards (E. 164, Security issues, ENUM Protocol
etc) Other UN Agencies presented also their
work Participants hope that each party would
follow the basic principles of the Declaration
of Principle and Plan of Action adopted in the
first phase of WSIS, to further carry on
cooperation and study on Internet Governance, to
seek common points while reserving differences,
to consider Internet Governance with a
perspective view, to reach consensus on Internet
governance and guide the Internet development to
meet its own trend and the common demand of the
world people.
6As the WSIS process is Intergovernmental, the
majority of the participants hope that the
Working Group on Internet Governance will also
have the involvement of Governments, when other
participants are proposing that the
Intergovernmental Organization should be
considered as observers in the Working Group on
Internet Governance. The Change of the nature of
Internet demands the involvement of governments
into the Internet Governance Internet Development
itself calls for the transition of the governance
mode Inclusion and openness shall dominate the
process of defining Internet Governance and
determining related public policy issues on
Internet Governance (e.g. DNS, IP Addresses,
Internet information and network security such as
Spam, privacy and confidentiality, Security of
Domain Name System, E-Commerce, Convergence
between Internet and Telecommunication network
etc)
7 Internet law and Policy (Golden principles for
Internet Governance). The WGIG structure and its
working methods as well as scope of its work were
discussed. Financial resources to support the
WGIG Secretariat. The Swiss Government is
supporting the process but other donors are
encouraged to also support.
8Proposed Timeline for Activities of the WGIG
- October 2004 Appointment of chairperson and
members of WGIG by the UN Sec. Gen Mr. K.
Annan. - Nov or Dec. 2004 First meeting of WGIG
(organization of work, calendar of meetings) - Dec 2004-Jan. 2005 Online consultations
- 15-16 Feb. 2005 Open-ended consultations with
governments and all stakeholders - 17-18 Feb.2005 Second meeting of WGIG (Drafting
of preliminary report) - 21-26 Feb. 2005 Presentation of preliminary
report to PrepCom-II - March 2005 Online Consultations
- April 2005 Third meeting of WGIG
- April or May 2005 Open-ended
consultations with governments and all
stakeholders - June 2005 Fourth meeting of WGIG
(Final drafting of report) - July 2005 Submission of report to the UN
Secretary-General
The UN Sec. General will submit the Report to the
PrepCom-III in September 2005, second phase of
WSIS Tunis, November 2005.
9Resolution 102- DNS IP Addresses Management
The ITU Plenipotentiary Conference held in
Marrakech in 2002 has revised Resolution 102
originally adopted in Minneapolis (1998), which
instructs the Director of the Telecommunication
Development Bureau to organize international and
regional forums, in conjunction with appropriate
entities, for the period 2002-2006, to discuss
policy, operational and technical issues on the
Internet in general and the management of
Internet domain names and addresses in particular
for the benefit of Member States, especially for
least developed countries".
10Address space exhaustion (1/3)
- Rate and scale of Internet growth was
underestimated - In 1970s, 32-bit address space was thought to be
adequate for long term - Class system (A, B, C)
- Internet routing is closely tied to the
separation of routing within a network and
routing between networks
11Address space exhaustion (2/3)
- Routing within large networks became complex
- Sub-netting introduced
- Advent of PCs meant that each host could no
longer have a unique fixed IP address - dynamic address assignment (but reachability?)
- private address spaces (but leakage if connected
to public network)
12Address space exhaustion (3/3)
- Stability with respect to address allocation
- Some believe IPv4 addresses will be exhausted in
2-3 years, others in 10 years, others sooner,
others much later (20 years). - Rate of exhaustion influenced by technology (e.g.
NAT) - Under-use of certain class allocations
13Relationship to topology (1/4)
14Relationship to topology (2/4)
- An IP address is not similar to a telephone
number - An IP address is a routing address
- In telephony termsa telephone number is more
like a domain name
15Relationship to topology (3/4)
- But analogies are imperfect
- Telephone numbers identify a circuit, a wire
going somewhere, but are now portable - IP addresses identify a terminal device, a
computer, but can be - dynamically assigned
- fixed
- translated (NATing)
16Relationship to topology (4/4)
Back to the basics of Internet
- Any host can access any other host through
uniform protocols and addresses - Intelligence at the edges
- Applications independent of network
- Network does not change content
These differences are more important than the
packet vs. switched models
17Alternatives to IPv6
- Application servers at boundary of public
network, translate to private network, but these
gateways can limit functionality - NATing, VPNs, private spaces, but may force
re-numbering - NATing limits peer-to-peer applications
- IPsec requires end-to-end
18Network Problems
Expanding address space raises certain issues
- Routing table growth (IPv6 may help or hinder)
- Blocks allocated to ISPs to optimize routing
limit portability across ISPs - Security may or may not be improved
19Space allocation policies
- If IPv6 policies are conservative, this may slow
the adoption of IPv6 - If IPv6 policies are loose, this may lead to
routing table problems and early exhaustion
20Deployment difficulties
- Dual stack v4 and v6 in devices
- Tunnels encapsulate v4 in v6 or v6 in v4
- Conversion gateways
- Convert networks
- from the edges
- from the core
- by islands, either geographic or by application
(3G/4G)
21Potential roadblocks and solutions
- Cost of conversion
- Lack of confidence in v6 software
- Policies adoption
Consensus is that conversion is needed, but when
and how will depend on many factors
22IMPACT OF NEW INTERNET PROTOCOL (IPv6)
- USA - COMMERCE DEPARTMENT TO STUDY IMPACT OF NEW
INTERNET PROTOCOL (Interagency Task Force to
Focus on Competitiveness, Security and User
Needs) October 14, 2003 - The North American IPv6 Task Force (NAv6TF)
(www.nav6tf.org) - IPv6 Forum
- IPv6 Promotion council in Japan (www.v6pc.jp)
- Etc
23What future for mobile Internet ? IPv6?
Today, some industry experts say that before the
world can truly experience next generation
communications such as IMT2000 (3G-4G etc)
mobile services, it needs to adopt a new protocol
known as IPv6 (128 bits based address)
24ITU World Telecommunication Standardisation
AssemblyFlorianópolis, Brazil 5-14 October 2004)
- Resolution 47 Country Code Top Level
Domain Names (To study and to review Members
States ccTLD experiences, to take appropriate
steps within their National legal frameworks to
ensure that issues related to delegation of
country code top-level domains are resolved
etc.) - Resolution 48 (IDN-Internationalised
Domain Dames)
25- Resolution 49 on ENUM Current unresolved
issues concerning administrative control of the
highest level Internet domain which will be used
for ENUM, Study how ITU could have administrative
control over changes that could related to the
International telecommunication resources
(Including naming, numbering addressing, and
routing) used for ENUM (in the context of rapid
developments towards the convergence of
Telecommunications and the Internet) - Resolution 50 Cybersecurity
- Resolution 51 Combating spam
- Resolution 52 Countering spam by
technical means
26Conclusions
- Best practices for DNS and IP addresses
Management including IPv6 implementation - Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
- Clear responsibilities (national/regional/internat
ional) - Why to migrate (IPv4-IPv6), when to migrate and
how to carry on this migration process are of
high importance. - Is IPv6 one of the key issues related to the
migration from circuit-switched telephony
networks to packet-based or Next Generation
Networks (NGN)? - Clear IPv6 and DNS policy
- At what Costs
27THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
- Desire.karyabwite_at_itu.int
- IP Coordinator, ITU-BDT
- Tel 41 22 730 5009
- Fax 41 22 730 5484
- http//www.itu.int/