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Animal Tissues

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explain how the cells of this tissue type enable . ... and smooth . muscle tissues in terms of location, structure, and function. ... Nucleus of. schwann. cell ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Animal Tissues


1
Animal Tissues
Department of Zoology The Open University of Sri
Lanka
2
  • Content
  • Learning Outcomes
  • Introduction
  • Epithelial tissues
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscular Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
  • Classification of tissues

3
Learning Outcomes
  • By the end of this session you should be able to
  • list the major functions of each of the four
    major animal
  • tissue types
  • give the functions carried out by epithelial
    tissue types
  • and state their general location/s
  • describe the basic features of connective
    tissue, and
  • explain how the cells of this tissue type
    enable
  • connective tissue to carry out its various
    tasks.
  • distinguish among skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
  • muscle tissues in terms of location,
    structure, and function

4
Introduction
  • Multicellular (large) organisms function more
  • efficiently if cells become specialized for
    specific
  • functions.
  • A tissue is composed of cells that function
    together in a
  • specialized activity.

5
Introduction
  • There are four types of tissues found in
  • an animal.
  • 1. Epithelial tissue
  • 2. Connective tissue
  • 3. Muscle tissue
  • 4. Nervous tissue

6
  • 1. Epithelial tissue
  • Forming tight covering and protecting
    layers below
  • 2. Connective tissue
  • Holding other tissues
  • together and are surrounded by
  • lots of nonliving material.

7
  • 3. Muscle tissue
  • Shortening and lengthening to
  • move other tissues.
  • 4. Nervous tissue
  • Allowing rapid flow of ions
  • in and out to conduct
  • signals

8
1.Epithelial tissues
  • Two types of epithelial tissues
  • 1. Covering and lining epithelium ( outer
    layer of the
  • skin and some organs)
  • 2. Glandular epithelium
  • ( constitute the secreting portion of
    glands)

9
Epithelial tissues
  • There are three types of cells in epithelial
    tissues
  • Squamous thin flat cells
  • Cuboidal cells are roughly square
  • 3.Columnar - elongated cells.

10
Epithelial tissues
  • Three types of cell layers exist in epithelium
    tissues

11
Glandular epithelium
  • Glands are made up of single or a mass of
    epithelial
  • cells.
  • Two types of glands
  • 1. Exocrine - Secrete their products in to
    ducts
  • Eg . Salivary glands and mammary glands
  • 2. Endocrine - Secrete their
    products into blood
  • stream
  • Eg. Pancreas

12
Glandular epithelium
  • Exocrine glands


  • Endocrine glands

13
  • Functions of epithelial tissues
  • Provides physical protection
  • Controls permeability
  • Detects sensations (sight, smell , taste,
    equilibrium)

14
  • 2. Connective tissue
  • Most abundant and most widely distributed
    tissue in the body.
  • These tissues provide support for organs and the
  • body as a whole, protect and insulate
    internal
  • organs and compartmentalize structures such
    as
  • skeletal muscles, nerves.

15
Connective tissue
  • Connective tissue is made up of cells, ground
  • substances and fibers. Ground substances
    together
  • with fibers make matrix.

16
Connective tissue
  • Connective tissues can be classified as
  • Loose connective tissue (fibers are loosely
    woven)
  • B. Dense connective tissue
  • (few cells among a dense network of fibers
    with
  • little ground substances)
  • C. Cartilage (tough but flexible)

17
Connective tissue
Blood tissue - (composed of blood cells, cell
fragments and blood plasma)
18
Connective tissue
D. Bone tissue (two types compact and
spongy) compact with osteons spongy -
no osteons
19
  • 3.Muscular Tissue
  • Muscle cells are elongated and are called as
    muscle fibers
  • These cells have main properties
  • Excitability ( ability to respond to stimuli)

20
Muscular Tissue
  • Contractibility (ability to contract)
  • Extensibility (ability to be stretched without
    tearing)
  • Elasticity (ability to return to its normal
    shape)

21
Muscular Tissue
  • Muscle tissue is classified into three types
  • (Cardiac, Skeletal and Smooth)

22
Muscular Tissue
  • Skeletal muscles are known as striated muscles or
    voluntary muscles.
  • These muscles are attached to bones by tendons
    and are responsible for skeletal movements. Basic
    unit of a skeletal muscle is a muscle fiber.

23
Muscular Tissue
  • Cardiac muscle is unique and found only in
  • the wall of the heart.
  • Its fibers have cross striations .
  • This muscle is involuntary.

Cardiac muscle
24
Muscular Tissue
  • Smooth muscle tissue is made up of thin
    elongated
  • muscle cells called smooth muscle fibers.
  • These fibers are pointed at their ends and each
    has a
  • single , large oval nucleus.
  • Each cell has many myofibrils which lie parallel
    to
  • one another in striated pattern , as in
    skeletal muscles.

25
  • Nervous Tissue
  • Nervous tissue is found in the brain , spinal
    cord and
  • nerves and consists of only two principal
    kinds of cells ,
  • neurons and neuroglia.

26
Nervous Tissue
  • Cells of nervous tissue have three principal
    parts
  • Dendrites
  • Cell body
  • Axon

27
Nervous Tissue
  • Neuroglial cells that do not transmit impulses
    but
  • instead support the activities of the
    neurons .
  • Schwann cells, a type in the peripheral nervous
  • system only in mammals.

28

Tendon Ligament
Striated
Squamous
Areolar
Cuboidal
Smooth
Adipose
Columnar
Cardiac
Bone Cartilage
Cilliated
Skeletal
Glandular
Fluid
Blood
Lymph
29
Author- Mrs. W.A.Y. Chandrani Web Content
Developer Chameera Kendaragama
Produced by The Open University of Sri Lanka
2014
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