Chapter 6: Cell Structures

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Chapter 6 Cell Structures Their Functions
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6.5 Cooperation among Cells

• Division of unicellular organisms
• When single-celled organisms divide, some remain
  in a cluster (NOT A MULTI-CELLULAR ORGANISM).
• Each cell could break away and live
  individually

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6.5 Cooperation among Cells

• Colonies groups of unicellular organisms living
  together ex Volvox

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6.5 Cooperation among Cells

• Colonies
• Advantage act together do things more
  efficiently than a single cell
• For example Volvox (type of alga) tend to form
  colonies If in a colony, all the cells can use
  their flagella in a certain way to move the whole
  group vs. moving flagella independently moving
  randomly

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Problem of large, multicellular organisms
• Need to transport materials across a large
  surface area (inner cells very far away from
  environment)

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Solution to problem Increase your internal
  surface area (by organizing cells into blood
  vessels, lungs, leaves, intestines, etc.) that
  can help transport materials

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Requirement Need to have many specialized cell
  types
• Examples
• Gland cell makes chemicals
• Nerve cell conducts electric signals
• Muscle cell specialized for movement

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Cells of larger organisms are more distinctive in
  appearance

Red blood cells
Nerve Cell
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6.6 Division of Labor

• Tissue group of cells with same function
• ex epidermal (skin) cells of hydra
• cells lining our stomachs

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Organ group of tissues working together
• Ex lungs, heart, eye, fruits, leaves, stomach

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6.6 Division of Labor

• Organ System group of organs working together
• Ex Circulatory system includes the heart,
  vessels, etc (all organs)

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6.7 Systems

• Why do we need systems?
• 1. a division of labor occurs among cells
• 2. individual cells cant work together without
  regulation coordination
• 3. many cells are buried too far inside the
  organism so they cant exchange materials with
  the environment

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6.7 Systems

• Example of system in animals
• The circulatory system in animals delivers
  nutrients and oxygen and takes away wastes from
  cells all over the body.

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6.7 Systems

• Example of system in plants
• Water food are
• transported around
• in a plants vascular
• system (a series of
• vessels found inside
• the plant).

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Levels of Structure in Biosphere pg 180

• Biospherepart of Earth that has life
• Ecosystem Chesapeake Bay
• Community all organisms in Chesapeake Bay
• Population all striped bass in Chesapeake Bay
• Organism a striped bass

Organelles