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Muscle Structure and Function

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Title: Muscle Structure and Function


1
Muscle Structure and Function
  • Chapter 9

2
Muscle Types
  • Skeletal Muscle
  • Primarily links to bone through tendon
  • Enabling through levers of the bones of the human
    skeleton, allows for posturing, upright stance
    under atmospheric pressure, and voluntary
    movements.
  • Heat production- 85 of body heat is generated by
    muscles providing the proper environment for
    enzymes and therefore metabolism

3
Muscle Types
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Found in parts of the body where it conveys
    action without conscious intent.
  • Majority of this type of muscle tissue is found
    in the Digestive and Urinary systems where it
    acts by propelling forward food and feces
  • Other places smooth muscle can be found are
    within the uterus, where it helps facilitate
    birth, and the eye, where the pupillary sphincter
    controls pupil size.
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Specific to the heart.
  • Involuntary in its movement, and is additionally
    self-excitatory, contracting without outside
    stimuli.

4
Characteristics of all Muscle
  • Excitability
  • Respond to stimuli
  • Contractility
  • Actively shorten to exert a pull
  • Extensibility
  • Continue to contract over range of resting
    lengths
  • Ex smooth muscle can be stretched to several
    times its original length and still contract on
    stimulation
  • Elasticity
  • Return to original length after contraction

5
Location
Function
Frontalis Frontal bone
Femoris Femur
Gluteus Posterior of hip/thigh
Oculi Eye
Oris Mouth
Radialis Radius
Ulnaris Ulna
Brachialis Arm
Abductor Moves part away from body
Adductor Moves part toward body
Depressor Lowers a part
Extensor Extends a part
Flexor Flexes a part
Levator Elevates a part
Rotator Rotates a part

Shape
Fiber Direction
Deltoid Shaped like delta ?
Orbicularis Circular
Platy Flattened platelike
Quadratus Square
Rhomboideus Diamond-shaped
Trapezius Trapezoidal
Oblique Diagonal to midline
Rectus Parallel to midline
Sphincter Circling an opening
Transversus Right angle to midline
6
Number of divisions
Bicep Two heads
Tricep Three heads
Quadricep Four heads
Size
Brevis Short
Longus Long
Magnus Large
Maximus Largest
Medius Moderately sized
Minimus Smaller
7
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8
Structures of a skeletal muscle fiber
9
Sarcomere The repeating patterns formed in
muscle striations
Sacromere
Z Line
H Zone
M Line
I Band
A Band
10
Muscle Fiber Arrangement
Parallel
Pennate
Bipennate
Sphincter
Convergent
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