RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

1
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

• From Hazardous Atmospheres
• 29 CFR 1910.134

2
EFFECTIVE DATES

• January 8, 1998 - OSHA Publishes Standard
• April 8, 1998 - Effective Date
• September 8, 1998 - Determination Date That
  Respirators Are Required And Who Will Wear Them
• October 5, 1998 - Total Compliance With All
  Provisions Of Standard

3
REVISIONS TO STANDARDS

• Respirators Deleted From All Other Substance
  Specific Standards
• Previous Respirator Standard Renumbered As .139
  And Designated Temporarily As M. tuberculosis
  Standard
• All Respirator Issues Are Now In 1910.134

4
RESPIRATOR PROGRAM

• Requires A Written Program With Worksite-Specific
  Procedures When Respirators Are Needed
• Must Keep Updated As Needed
• A Program Administrator Is Required For The
  Entire College
• College Must Provide Respirators, Training, And
  Medical Evaluations At No Cost To Employees

5
RESPIRATOR PROGRAM ELEMENTS

• Selection
• Medical Evaluation
• Respirator Use
• Maintenance And Care

• Fit Testing
• Breathing Air Quality And Use
• Training
• Program Evaluation

6
WHERE RESPIRATORS ARE USED BUT NOT REQUIRED

• If Respirators Will Not Create A Hazard And If
  Requested, College May Furnish Respirators
• If Approved, Employees May Wear Their Own, But
  Must Follow Program Requirements
• Voluntary Use Of Filtering Facepieces (Face
  Masks) Does Not Have To Be Included In The
  Written Materials

7
PERMISSIBLE PRACTICES

• Engineering Controls (Enclosures, Confinement Of
  Operations, Ventilation, Use Of Less Toxic
  Materials) Are Primary Means To Control Hazards
• When Effective Engineering Controls Are Not
  Available, Respirators Will Be Used
• Respirators Will Be Applicable To And Suitable
  For The Purpose Intended
• Employer Will Be Responsible For Program

8
SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS

• College Will Select And Provide An Appropriate
  Respirator Based On The Respiratory Hazards To
  Which The Worker Is Exposed, Workplace Factors,
  And User Factors That Affect Respirator
  Performance And Reliability
• Respirators Will Be Selected From A Sufficient
  Number Of Models And Sizes To Ensure Correct Fit
  And Comfort

9
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION TRAINING

• Employers (Managers And Supervisors) Must Provide
  Appropriate And Effective Training To Employees
  Who Are Required To Use Respirators

10
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION TRAINING

• Employees That Use Respirators Must Be Trained
  And Demonstrate Skill Or Knowledge Of At Least
• Why It Is Necessary And How Improper Use And Care
  Can Compromise Its Effectiveness
• Its Limitations And Capabilities
• How To Put On, Remove, Use, And Inspect
• How To Maintain And Store
• General Requirements Of This Standard

11
RESRIRATOR PROTECTION TRAINING

• Training Must Be Provided Prior To Use
• Retraining Required Annually, And When
• Prior Training Becomes Obsolete
• Employees Skill Or Knowledge Is Inadequate
• Other Situation Arises In Which Retraining
  Appears Necessary

12
EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE

• Exposure To A Concentration Of An Airborne
  Contaminant That Would Occur If The Employee Were
  Not Using Respiratory Protection

13
RESPIRATORY INLET COVERING

• That Portion Of A Respirator That Forms The
  Protective Barrier Between The Users Respiratory
  Tract And An Air-Purifying Device Or Breathing
  Air Source
• May Be A Facepiece, Helmet, Hood, Suit, Or
  Mouthpiece Respirator With A Nose Clamp
• May Be Tight Fitting Or Loose Fitting

14
HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES

• Oxygen Deficient
• Toxic Contaminated
• Environmental Pollution
• Combination
• Immediately Dangerous To Life Or Health (IDLH)
• Note All Can Be Either Acidic Or Alkaline

15
OXYGEN DEFICIENT

• An Atmosphere With An Oxygen Content Below 19.5
  By Volume
• Spaces Where Oxygen May Be Depleted By Use
  (Confined Spaces, Boilers, Tanks, Etc.)
• Space Where Decomposition Of Organic Material Is
  Going On (Sewers, Silos, Basements, Etc.)

16
TOXIC CONTAMINATED

• Particles
• Gases
• Fumes
• Vapors
• Mists

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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

• Dust
• Spray
• Fumes
• Vapors
• Smoke
• Harmful Gases

18
TWO BASIC TYPES OF RESPIRATORS

• Air Purifying - Removes Contaminates Before
  Reaching Breathing Zone
• Atmosphere Supplying - Provides Fresh Air From An
  External Source

19
AIR PURIFYING

• May Be Particulate Removing
• Vapor And Gas Removing
• A Combination Of The Two
• Uses A Replaceable Cartridge Or Canister

20
AIR PURIFYINGUSE LIMITATIONS

• Just Enough Oxygen To Sustain Breathing
• Contaminate Is Known And Cannot Exceed Facepiece
  Limitations
• Contaminates Are Not IDLH
• Always Treat Oxygen-Deficient Air As IDLH

21
ATMOSPHERE SUPPLYING

• Type 1 - Airline Respirator. Air Is Pumped To
  The User From Outside
• Type 2 - Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
  (SCBA)

22
AIRLINE RESPIRATOR

• Has A Pressure Demand Nozzle That Allows User To
  Control Air Flow
• Use Grade D Breathing Air
• May Be Used With A Hood Or Helmet To Supply
  Continuous Air
• Tight Fitting
• Hose Limited To 300 Feet
• Some Mobility Restriction

23
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS

• Breathing Air Provided From Pressurized Tanks
• Provides Highest Level Of Protection And Mobility
• Commonly Used In Rescue Or Emergency Situations
• Limited To Air In Tanks (30 Or 60 Minutes)
• Positive Pressure Provides Protection For Both
  Oxygen Deficient And IDLH

24
RESPIRATOR SELECTION

• Must Fit The Wearer And Be Comfortable
• Must Be The Type Which Best Abates The Hazards To
  Be Faced
• Atmosphere Hazard Evaluation Determines Which One
  To Wear
• Never Substitute Or Chance Another One Will
  Provide Adequate Protection

25
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN

• Entire Program To Be Assigned To A Trained And
  Competent Person
• Describes In Detail The Hazard Evaluation Process
• Contains SOP For Respirator Selection, Use, And
  Maintenance

26
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN

• Contains Results Of Analysis Of Atmospheric
  Contaminants
• Physical And Chemical Properties
• Adverse Health Effects
• Warning Properties
• Permissible Exposure Limits (PELS)
• Other Accepted Exposure Limits

27
WRITTEN PROTECTION PLAN

• Additional Plan Criteria
• Results Of Workplace Atmospheric Testing
• Nature Of The Work
• Activities That Are To Be Performed
• Time Expected To Complete The Task
• Written Plan To Be Made Available To All Involved
  Employees

28
FIT TESTING

• Before An Employee Uses Any Respirator With A
  Negative Or Positive Pressure Tight-Fitting
  Facepiece, The Employee Must Be Fit Tested With
  The Same Make, Model, Style, And Size Of
  Respirator That Will Be Used
• Must Be Administered Using An OSHA Accepted
  Protocol Such As That Contained In Appendix A

29
FIT TESTING

• Respirators Rely On Face-To-Mask Seal
• Fit Testing Determines Which Device Will Best Fit
  And Seal
• Stubble, Beard, Hairlines, Glasses, And Goggles
  Will Negatively Affect Fit
• Corrective Lenses May Be Mounted Inside The
  Facepiece

30
FIT TEST PROCEDURES

• Fit Testing Should Be Conducted Annually
• More Often If Facial Features Change Or
• A Different Respirator Is To Be Used
• Users Of Tight Fitting Respirators Must Perform A
  Seal Test Each Time They Are Used

31
TYPES OF FIT TESTING

• Qualitative (QLFT) - Challenge Agent, Vapor, Or
  Aerosol Released
• Fit Is Inadequate If A Presence Of The Agent Is
  Detected (Irritation, Taste, or Odor)
• Quantitative (QNFT) - Measures Actual Level Of
  Agent Both Inside And Outside The Respirator

32
FIT TESTING

• QLFT May Only Be Used To Fit Test Negative
  Pressure Air Purifying Respirators That Achieve A
  Fit Factor Of 100 Or Less
• A Fit Factor Of At Least 100 For Tight- Fitting
  Half Facepieces, Or 500 For Tight-Fitting Full
  Facepieces From A QNFT Will Be Acceptable

33
FIT FACTOR

• A Quantitative Estimate Of The Fit Of A
  Particular Respirator To A Specific Individual,
  And Typically Estimates The Ratio Of
• Concentration Of A Substance In Ambient Air
• Concentration Inside The Respirator When
  Worn

34
FILTERS

• A Component Used In Respirators To Remove Solid
  Or Liquid Aerosols From Inspired Air
• Also Called An Air Purifying Element

35
HEPA FILTERS

• High Efficiency Particulate Air
• Removes 99.97 Of Particles That Are 0.3
  Micrometers In Diameter

36
CANISTER OR CARTRIDGE

• A Container With A Filter, Sorbent (Catalyst), Or
  Combination Of These Items, Which Removes
  Specific Contaminants From The Air Passed Through
  The Container

37
SERVICE LIFE

• The Period Of Time That A Respirator, Filter,
  Sorbent, Or Other Respiratory Equipment Provides
  Adequate Protection To The Wearer

38
END OF SERVICE LIFE INDICATOR (ESLI)

• A System That Warns The User Of The Approach Of
  The End Of Adequate Respiratory Protection e.g.,
  The Sorbent Is Approaching Saturation Or Is No
  longer Effective

39
NEGATIVE PRESSURERESPIRATOR

• A Respirator In Which The Air Pressure Inside
  The Facepiece Is Negative During Inhalation With
  Respect To The Ambient Air Pressure Outside The
  Respirator

40
FILTERING FACEPIECE(Dust Mask)

• A Negative Pressure Particulate Respirator With A
  Filter As An Integral Part of The Facepiece, Or
  With The Entire Facepiece Composed Of The
  Filtering Medium

41
POSITIVE PRESSURERESPIRATOR

• A Respirator In Which The Pressure Inside The
  Respiratory Inlet Covering Exceeds The Ambient
  Air Pressure Outside The Respirator

42
POWERED AIR-PURIFYINGRESPIRATOR (PAPR)

• An Air Purifying Respirator That Uses A Blower To
  Force Ambient Air Through Air-Purifying Elements
  To The Inlet Covering

43
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYINGRESPIRATOR

• A Respirator That Supplies The User With
  Breathing Air From A Source Independent Of The
  Ambient Atmosphere
• Includes Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs) And Self
  Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Units

44
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYINGRESPIRATORS

• Continuous Flow Provides A Continuous Flow Of
  Breathing Air To The Respiratory Inlet Covering
• Pressure Demand Admits Air To The Facepiece When
  The Positive Pressure Inside The Facepiece Is
  Reduced By Inhalation

45
SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATOR (SAR)

• An Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator For Which The
  Source Of Breathing Air Is Not Carried By The
  User
• Also Called An Airline Respirator

46
SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS (SCBA)

• An Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator For Which The
  Breathing Air Is Designed To Be Carried By The
  User

47
ESCAPE ONLY RESPIRATOR

• A Respirator Designed And Intended To Be Used
  Only For Emergency Exit

48
POSITIVE PRESSURE SEAL TEST

• Block Off Exhalation Valve With Palm
• Blow Outward Gently
• A Good Fit Results In The Pressure Holding And No
  Leaks Found

49
NEGATIVE PRESSURE SEAL TEST

• Place Palms Over The Inhalation Inlets, Or
  Squeeze The Breathing Tube
• Inhale Gently. Facepiece Should Collapse
  Slightly
• Hold Breath For About Ten Seconds
• Good Test Indicated By Pressure Holding And No
  Leaks Found

50
CONTINUING RESPIRATOR EFFECTIVENESS

• Maintain Constant Surveillance Of Respirator
  Effectiveness
• Employees Must Leave The Respirator Use Area
• To Wash Face Or Facepiece
• If A Breakthrough Is Detected
• There Is A Change In Breathing Resistance
• There Is Leakage Of The Facepiece
• To Replace Respirator, Filter, Cartridge, Or
  Canister

51
RESPIRATOR MAINTENANCE

• Step 1 - Inspection
• Step 2 - Decontamination
• Step 3 - Storage

52
STEP 1INSPECTION

• Check For
• Holes In The Filters (Breakthrough)
• Loss Of Elasticity Or Tears In Headstraps And
  Hoses
• Broken Or Loose Connectors And Hoses
• Cracked Or Scratched Facepieces
• Detergent Residue
• Dirt In Valves
• General Cleanliness

53
STEP 2 CLEANING DISINFECTING

• Explicitly Follow Manufacturers Directions
• If Worn By Only One Person, Clean And Disinfect
  Periodically
• If Possible To Be Worn By More Than One Person,
  Clean And Disinfect After Each Use

54
STEP 3 STORAGE

• Must Be Protected From Dust, Sunlight, Heat,
  Cold, Moisture, And Chemicals
• Facepiece Should Be Stored In An Individual
  Plastic Bag
• Store Masks With Valves And Breathing Tubes In A
  Natural, Undistorted Position

55
RESPIRATORS FOR IDLH ATMOSPHERES

• Only NIOSH Certified For IDLH Atmospheres May Be
  Used
• Full Facepiece Pressure Demand SCBA, Certified By
  NIOSH For A Minimum Service Life Of 30 Minutes
• Combination Full Facepiece Pressure Demand SAR
  With Auxiliary Self-Contained Air Supply

56
RESPIRATORS FOR NON IDLH ATMOSPHERES(Gases And
Vapors)

• College Must Provide
• An Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator, Or
• An Air-Purifying Respirator, Provided That
• Has ESLI Certified By NIOSH Or
• A Dependable Canister Change Schedule
• Basis And Reliance Must Be In Writing

57
RESPIRATORS FOR NON IDLH ATMOSPHERES(Particulates
)

• College Must Provide
• Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator Or
• Air-Purifying Respirator Equipped With HEPA
  Filters
• Air-Purifying Respirator Equipped With Any Filter
  Certified By NIOSH For The Particulate

58
PROCEDURES FOR IDLH ATMOSPHERES

• At Least One Employee To Be Located Outside
• Visual, Voice, Or Signal Communication Must Be
  Maintained
• Outside Employee(s) Must Be Trained In Rescue
• Manager Or Supervisor Must Be Notified Before Any
  Rescue Attempt

59
PROCEDURES FOR IDLH ATMOSPHERES (Cont.)

• Rescuers Must Be Provided Necessary Assistance
  And Equipment
• A Pressure Demand Or Other Positive Pressure SCBA
  Or SAR With Auxiliary SCBA
• Appropriate Retrieval Equipment
• Equipment Means For Rescue Where Retrieval
  Equipment Is Not Required

60
BREATHING AIR QUALITY

• Compressed Breathing Air Must Meet At Least The
  Requirements For Grade D Breathing Air
• Systems Supplying Breathing Air Must Be Equipped
  With Appropriate In-Line Air Purifying Sorbent
  Beds And Filters, And Maintained Per
  Manufacturers Instructions

61
BREATHING AIR QUALITYMinimum Requirements

• Oxygen Content of 19.5 - 23.5 By Volume
• No More Than 5 Milligrams Of Hydrocarbon
  (Condensed) Content Per Cubic Meter (mg/m3) Of
  Air
• CO Content Of No More Than 10 Parts Per Million
  (ppm)
• CO2 Content Of No More Than 1,000 ppm
• Lack Of Noticeable Odor

62
CLASSES OF FILTERS (Part 84)

• Three Levels Of Filter Efficiency (95, 99, And
  99.97)
• Three Levels Of Filter Resistance To Efficiency
  Degradation (Labeled N, R, And P)
• Total Of Nine Classes Of Filters

63
FILTER SELECTION

• Selection Of N, R, Or P Depends On Whether There
  Are Oil Particles Present
• N For Not Resistant To Oil
• R For Resistant To Oil
• P For Oil Proof

64
FILTER SELECTION (Cont.)

• No Oil Particles Present, Use Any Series
• (N, R, Or P)
• Oil Particles Present, Use Only R Or P Series
• Oil Particles Present And Filter Is To Be Used
  More Than One Shift, Use Only P Series

65
PHYSICIAN OR LICENSED HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL
(PLHCP)

• Individuals Whose Legally Permitted Scope Of
  Practice (License, Registration, Or
  Certification) Allow Them To Independently
  Provide, Or Be Delegated The Responsibility To
  Provide, Some Or All Of The Health Care Services
  Required By Paragraph (e), Medical Examination

66
MEDICAL EVALUATIONPROCEDURES

• Provide Medical Evaluation Before Fit Testing And
  Respirator Use
• PLHCP May Use Questionnaire (Sections 1 And 2,
  Part A Of Appendix C) Or Examination
• Follow-up Is Required For Any Positive Response
  To Questions 1-8 in Section 2, Part A Of Appendix
  C, Or Demonstrates The Need During Examination

67
ADDITIONAL MEDICAL EVALUATIONS

• Annual Review Is Not Now Required
• Must Provide Additional Evaluations If
• Employee Reports Problem Using Device
• PLHCP, Supervisor, Or Program Administrator
  Thinks There Should Be
• Observations During Fit-Testing Indicates There
  Should Be
• Changes Occur In The Workplace Or The Employee

68
RECORDKEEPING

• Training And Medical Records Must Be Maintained
  And Made Available
• Fit Test Records Must Be Maintained Until The
  Next Test Is Administered
• A Written Copy Of The Current Program Must Be
  Maintained
• All Written Materials Must Be Available To
  Affected Employees, And State And Federal Agents