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Sociological Influences on Mobile Wireless Networks

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Sociological Influences on Mobile Wireless Networks Chunming Qiao, Ph.D., Professor University at Buffalo (SUNY) Director, Laboratory for Advanced Network Design ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Sociological Influences on Mobile Wireless Networks


1
Sociological Influences on Mobile Wireless
Networks
  • Chunming Qiao, Ph.D., Professor
  • University at Buffalo (SUNY)
  • Director, Laboratory for Advanced Network Design,
    Evaluation and Research (LANDER)
  • Computer Science and Engineering Department

2
Sociological Orbits
3
Key Concepts
  • Users movements are often socially influenced
  • hubs places of social interest to users
  • User mobility an orbit involving a list of
    hubs
  • Mobility profile a list of hubs likely to be
    visited
  • Remarks
  • User mobility profiles exist but difficult to
    obtain
  • Usefulness for routing in MANET and ICMAN and
    Mobile wireless applications

4
Mobility Profiling
  • Obtain mobility traces (e.g., AP system logs)
  • Convert AP-based traces to hub-based movements
  • Obtain daily hub lists for individuals
  • Apply clustering algorithms to group hub lists
    together to identify patterns in movement
  • Represent the patterns as mobility profiles
  • Profiles have been shown useful for hub-level
    location predictions

5
Profiling illustration
6
Profile based Predictions
7
Applications of Orbital Mobility Profiles
  • Anomaly based intrusion detection ? unexpected
    movement (in time or space) sets off an alarm
  • Customizable traffic alerts ? alert only the
    individuals who might be affected by a specific
    traffic condition
  • Targeted inspection ? examine only the persons
    who have routinely visited specific regions upon
    re-entrance.
  • Environmental/health monitoring ? identify
    travelers who can relay data sensed at locations
    with no APs
  • Routing within MANET and ICMAN (described next)

8
Profile based Routing within MANET
  • Build a sociological orbit based mobility model
    (Random Orbit)
  • Assume that mobility profiles are obtained
  • Devise routing protocols to leverage mobility
    information within MANET setting
  • Key assumption geographical forwarding is
    feasible

9
A Random Orbit Model(Random Waypoint Corridor
Path)
Conference Track 2
Conference Track 1
Exhibits
Lounge
Conference Track 3
Registration
Posters
Conference Track 4
Cafeteria
10
Random Orbit Model
11
Sociological Orbit Aware Routing - Basic
  • Every node knows
  • Own coordinates, Own Hub list, All Hub
    coordinates
  • Periodically broadcasts Hello
  • SOAR-1 own location Hub list
  • SOAR-2 own location Hub list 1-hop neighbor
    Hub lists
  • Cache neighbors Hello
  • Build a distributed database of acquaintances
    Hub lists
  • Unlike acquaintanceship in ABSoLoM, SOAR has
  • No formal acquaintanceship request/response ? its
    not mutual
  • Hub lists are valid longer than exact locations ?
    lesser updates
  • For unknown destination, query acquaintances for
    destinations Hub list (instead of destinations
    location), in a process similar to ABSoLoM

12
Sociological Orbit Aware Routing - Advanced
  • Subset of acquaintances to query
  • Problem Lots of acquaintances ? lot of query
    overhead
  • Solution Query a subset such that all the Hubs
    that a node learns of from its acquaintances are
    covered
  • Packet Transmission to a Hub List
  • All packets (query, response, data, update) are
    sent to nodes Hub list
  • To send a packet to a Hub, geographically forward
    to Hubs center
  • If current Hub is known unicast packet to
    current Hub
  • Default simulcast separate copies to each Hub
    in list
  • On reaching Hub, do Hub local flooding if
    necessary
  • Improved Data Accessibility Cache data packets
    within Hub
  • Data Connection Maintenance
  • Two ends of active session keep each other
    informed
  • Such location updates generate current Hub
    information

13
Sociological Orbit Aware Routing
Illustration(Random Waypoint P2P Linear)
Hub E
Hub A
Hub H
Hub D
Hub B
Hub G
Hub F
Hub I
Hub C
14
Performance Analysis Metrics
  • Data Throughput ()
  • Data packets received / Data packets generated
  • Relative Control Overhead (bytes)
  • Control bytes send / Data packets received
  • Approximation Factor for E2E Delay
  • Observed delay / Ideal delay
  • To address fairness issues!

15
Performance Analysis Parameters
16
Results I.a Throughput vs. Hubs
17
Results I.b Overhead vs. Hubs
18
Results I.c Delay vs. Hubs
19
Routing challenges in ICMAN
  • May not have an end-to-end path from source to
    destination at any given point in time
    (intermittently connected)
  • Conventional MANET routing strategies fail
  • User mobility may not be deterministic or
    controllable
  • Devices are constrained by power, memory, etc.
  • Applications need to be delay/disruption tolerant

20
User level routing strategy
  • Deliver packets to the destination itself
  • Intermediate users store-carry-forward the
    packets
  • Mobility profiles used to compute pair wise user
    contact probability (CP) to form weighted graph
  • Apply modified Dijkstras to obtain k-shortest
    paths (KSP) with corresponding Delivery
    probability (DP)
  • S-SOLAR-KSP (static) protocol
  • Source only stores set of unique next-hops on its
    KSP
  • Forwards only to max k users of the chosen set
    that come within radio range within time T
  • D-SOLAR-KSP (dynamic) protocol
  • Source always considers the current set of
    neighbors
  • Forwards to max k users with higher DP to
    destination

21
Hub level routing strategy
  • Deliver packets to the hubs visited by
    destination
  • Intermediate users store-carry-forward the
    packets
  • Packet stored in a hub by other users staying in
    that hub (or using a fixed hub storage device if
    any)
  • Mobility profiles used to obtain delivery
    probabilities (DP), not the visit probability, of
    a user to a given hub
  • Fractional data delivered to each hub
    proportional to the probability of finding the
    destination in it
  • SOLAR-HUB protocol
  • Source transmits up to k copies of message
  • k/2 to neighbors with higher DP to most visited
    hub
  • k/2 to neighbors with higher DP to 2nd most
    visited hub
  • Downstream users forward up to k users
  • with higher DP to the hub chosen by upstream node

22
Data Throughput vs. Number of Users
23
End-to-End Data Delay vs. Number of Users
24
Network Overhead vs. Number of Users
25
Future Directions
  • Collect and analyze user location-based traces
  • Apply advanced clustering/profiling techniques
  • Optimization techniques for profile information
    management
  • Design and analyze routing algorithms
  • Experimenting with Applications

26
Thank You !
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