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Therapy

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Overview. Major types of psychotherapy include psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavior, cognitive, and individual, group, and family psychotherapy. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Therapy


1
Therapy
  • Psychotherapy
  • an emotionally charged, confiding interaction
    between a trained therapist and someone who
    suffers from psychological difficulties
  • Eclectic Approach
  • an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on
    the clients problems, uses techniques from
    various forms of therapy

2
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
  • Psychoanalysis
  • Freud
  • patients free associations, resistances, dreams,
    and transferences and the therapists
    interpretations of them released previously
    repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain
    self-insight
  • use has rapidly decreased in recent years
  • Resistance
  • blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden
    material

3
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
  • Interpretation
  • the analysts noting supposed dream meanings,
    resistances, and other significant behaviors in
    order to promote insight
  • Transference
  • the patients transfer to the analyst of emotions
    linked with other relationships
  • e.g. love or hatred for a parent

4
Therapy- Psychoanalysis
  • Malan I get the feeling that you are the sort of
    person who needs to keep active. If you dont
    keep active, something goes wrong. Is that true?
  • Vader Yes.
  • Malan I get a second feeling about you and that
    is that you must, underneath all this, have an
    awful lot of very strong and upsetting feelings.
    Somehow, theyre all there, but you arent really
    quite in touch with them. Isnt that right? I
    feel youve been like that as long as you can
    remember.
  • Vader For quite a few years, whenever I really
    sat down and thought about I got depressed, so I
    tried not to think about it.
  • Malan You see, youve established a pattern,
    havent you? Youre even like that here with me,
    because in spite of the fact you are in some
    trouble, and you feel the bottom is falling out
    of your world, the way youre telling me this as
    if there wasnt anything wrong.

5
Humanistic Therapy
  • Client-Centered Therapy
  • Also called humanistic therapy - Carl Rogers
  • a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to
    facilitate clients growth
  • Active Listening
  • empathic listening in which the listener echoes,
    restates, and clarifies

6
Humanistic Therapy
  • Rogers Feeling that now, hm? That youre just no
    good to yourself, no good to anybody. Never will
    be any good to anybody. Just that youre
    completely worthless, huh? Those really are
    lousy feelings. Just feel youre no good at all,
    hm?
  • Jon Smith Yeah. (muttering in low, discouraged
    voice) Thats what this guy I went to the
    store with just the other day told me.
  • Rogers This guy you went to the store with
    really told you that you were no good? Is that
    what you are saying? Did I get that right?
  • Jon Smith M-hm.
  • Rogers I guess the meaning of that - if I get it
    right - is that heres somebody that meant
    something to you and what does he think of you?
    Why, hes told you that he thinks youre no good
    at all. And that just really knocks the props out
    from under you. (Jon weeps quietly.) It just
    brings the tears. (Silence 20 seconds)
  • Jon Smith (rather defiantly) I dont care
    though.
  • Rogers You tell yourself you dont care at all,
    but somehow I guess some part of you cares
    because some part of you weeps over it.

7
Biomedical Therapies
  • Psychopharmacology
  • study of the effects of drugs on mind and
    behavior
  • Lithium
  • chemical that provides an effective drug therapy
    for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive)
    disorders

8
Biomedical Therapies
  • The emptying of U.S. mental hospitals

9
Biomedical Therapies
10
Biomedical Therapies
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
  • therapy for severely depressed patients in which
    a brief electric current is sent through the
    brain of an anesthetized patient
  • Psychosurgery
  • surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in
    an effort to change behavior
  • lobotomy
  • now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to
    calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients

11
Biomedical Therapies
  • Electroconvulsive Therapy

12
Behavior Therapy
  • Behavior Therapy
  • therapy that applies learning principles to the
    elimination of unwanted behaviors
  • Counter-conditioning
  • procedure that conditions new responses to
    stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
  • based on classical conditioning

13
Behavior Therapy Counter Conditioning
  • Systematic Desensitization
  • associates a pleasant, relaxed state with
    gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
  • commonly used to treat phobias

14
Behavior Therapy Counter Conditioning
  • Aversive Conditioning
  • type of counter conditioning that associates an
    unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
  • Food poisoning leads to not wanting that food
    anymore. Examples?

15
Behavior Therapy Counter Conditioning
  • Token Economy
  • an operant conditioning procedure that rewards
    desired behavior
  • patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned
    for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various
    privileges or treats

16
Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitive Therapy
  • teaches people new, more adaptive ways of
    thinking and acting
  • based on the assumption that thoughts intervene
    between events and our emotional reactions

17
Cognitive Therapy
  • The Cognitive Revolution

Can you title this chart?
18
Cognitive Therapy
  • A cognitive perspective on psychological disorders

19
Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitive therapy for depression

Depression scores
20
Cognitive Therapy
  • Creating Optimism
  • Temporary, not permanent.
  • Circumstantial, not personal.
  • Localized, not pervasive.

21
Cognitive Therapy
  • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
  • a popular integrated therapy that combines
    cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating
    thinking) with behavior therapy (changing
    behavior)

22
Group Therapies
  • Family Therapy
  • treats the family as a system
  • views an individuals unwanted behaviors as
    influenced by or directed at other family members
  • attempts to guide family members toward positive
    relationships and improved communication

23
Who Does Therapy?
  • To whom do people turn for psychological
    difficulties?

24
Who Does Therapy?
  • Clinical psychologists
  • Most are psychologists with a Ph.D. and expertise
    in research, assessment, and therapy,
    supplemented by a supervised internship.
  • About half work in agencies and institutions,
    half in private practice.

25
Who Does Therapy?
  • Clinical or Psychiatric social worker
  • A two-year Master of Social Work graduate program
    plus postgraduate supervision prepares some
    social workers to offer psychotherapy
  • It is mostly to people with everyday personal and
    family problems.

26
Who Does Therapy?
  • Counselors
  • Marriage and family counselors specialize in
    problems arising from family relations.
  • Pastoral counselors provide counseling to
    countless people.
  • Abuse counselors work with substance abusers and
    with spouse and child abusers and their victims.

27
Who Does Therapy?
  • Psychiatrists
  • Physicians who specialize in the treatment of
    psychological disorders.
  • Not all psychiatrists have had extensive training
    in psychotherapy, but as M.D.s they can prescribe
    medications.
  • They tend to see those with the most serious
    problems.
  • Many have a private practice.

28
Does Therapy Work?
  • Meta-analysis
  • procedure for statistically combining the results
    of many different research studies
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