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Introduction to Microcontrolllers

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Title: Introduction to Microcontrolllers


1
Introduction to Microcontrolllers
ECE 2560
  • Department of Electrical and
  • Computer Engineering
  • The Ohio State University

2
Today
  • The Course
  • Syllabus
  • Intro

3
Course Philosophy and Objective
  • Familiarize students the architecture,
    programming and use of a microcontroller.
  • Learn to use an actual microcontroller
  • Learn modern design technologies
  • Learn what assembler language is

4
Embedded Systems
  • Chapter 1 of text
  • Microcontrollers are an efficient mean by which
    an embedded system can be implemented.
  • Microcontroller include (on board)
  • Processor
  • Memory
  • Clock
  • I/O support and usually A-to-D conversion

5
An Embedded System?
  • What is an embedded system?
  • Not a personal computer!!!
  • A cooking timer
  • The burner and oven controller in your stove
  • The ABS controller in you car
  • The landing gear control system on a plane
  • Features of an embedded system
  • Very focused function
  • Usually part of a larger system
  • Most systems today rely on digital control

6
Examples
  • There are about 100 embedded processors in each
    PC, not just the main processor.
  • A car today has about 100 embedded processors.
    (ABS, sound system, engine control, emissions
    control, )
  • Electric tootbrush
  • Washers and Dryers

7
Examples
  • Washer/Dryer
  • Others???

8
A system to design
  • A possible implementation

9
Salter kitchen scale
  • An implementation

10
Tradeoff for systems
  • Could implement the system with discrete gates,
    an FPGA, microcontroller

11
Microcontrollers
  • History 101
  • Early device Intel 4004 4 bit microprocessor
    no onboard memory, timers, I/O support
  • Over time
  • On board memory, timers, A-to-D, etc
  • ? microcontroller
  • Microcontroller has little if any OS support.
    Many have development systems.
  • Microcontroller OS is typically a RTOS.

12
Microcontroller
  • The Core
  • CPU (ALU, registers)
  • Memory program and data
  • I/O ports
  • Internal address and data busses
  • Clock

13
Added to core
  • Watchdog timer
  • Communication interfaces
  • Nonvolatile memory for data
  • A-to-D converter
  • D-to-A converter
  • Real-time clock
  • Monitor, background debugger, embedded emulator

14
Memory
  • Contains the binary information and typically
    addressed as bytes (words)
  • The information stored there can be data or
    instructions
  • In many microcontrollers instruction memory is
    stored in one-time or flash programmable memory.
  • Addresses and contents typically expressed in
    hexadecimal

15
Volatile and nonvolatile memory
  • Volatile content is lost when power is removed
    goes to 0s
  • Nonvolatile content is retained
  • Masked ROM manufactured
  • PROM Programmable Read Only Memory
  • One time (OTP)
  • Programmable (UV erasable) EPROM
  • Flash EEPROM uses a higher voltage to write
    contents

16
von Neumann Architecture
  • Traditional architecture
  • Diagram valid
  • for
  • Harvard Arch
  • too

17
Harvard arch
  • Note diagrams

18
The MSP430
  • Introduced in the late 1990s
  • 16-bit von Neumann architecture both address
    and data
  • Low power
  • RISC type architecture
  • No pages or banks in memory making it simple to
    use.
  • Can be programmed in C
  • Has 16 registers in CPU

19
Assignment
  • Read Chapter 1 and 2
  • Assignments will be due 2 classes after assigned
    to the drop box on Carmen. No paper submissions
    all are electronic.
  • Go to ti.com and get code composer for the MSP430
    when downloaded and installed, run the 10
    minutes tutorial.
  • Also, buy the TI launchpad 9.99

20
Code composer startup
  • The startup Screen on Windows
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