Applied Ethics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Applied Ethics

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Title: Applied Ethics


1
Applied Ethics
  • Section 1
  • The Re-emergence of Applied Ethics

2
Applied Ethics
  • In recent decades, many ethicists have studied
    the practical implications of ethics in a wide
    range of fields.
  • Philosophical reasoning is applied to practical
    issues in an attempt to clarify them sometimes
    to defend or justify stances.

3
Applied Ethics
  • Applied ethics, a traditional practice among
    philosophers, disappeared from the main centres
    of Anglo-Saxon philosophy for some six decades in
    the early 20th century.
  • Meta-ethics (a branch of ethics) took centre
    stage during that period.

4
Re-emergence
Philosophical non-philosophical factors
promoted the re-emergence of applied ethics.
  • Philosophical factors
  • Meta-ethical naturalism
  • John Rawlss revival of contract theory.
  • Non-philosophical factors
  • Ecological concerns
  • Responses to the Vietnam War.

5
Fields of Ethics
  • Ethics was applied, from the 1970s onwards, not
    only to medicine war but also to themes of
    social development the environment.

6
Further Fields
  • Further fields have been those of obligations to
    future generations of population ethics.

7
Exercise
  • Can you think of some applied issues surrounding
    obligations to future generations population
    ethics?

8
Future Generations
  • Possible obligations to future generations
    include the Just Savings Principle (suggested by
    Rawls) the Equal Resources Principle (suggested
    by Brian Barry).

9
Derek Parfit
  • Proposes that we address the Non-Identity Problem
    (duties seemingly cannot be owed to the
    unidentifiable people of the future) by accepting
    duties with regard to whoever there will be.

10
To Consider
  • Think about the kind of obligations that current
    people have towards their successors.
  • Also, consider whether or not the Non-Identity
    Problem is an obstacle to acceptance of
    obligations towards future people.

11
Population Ethics
  • Population policies, rather than being coercive,
    should be integrated with policies of development
    (as discussed in the Section on Development
    Ethics).
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